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Contents

Misc

News

Call for Papers

Challenge

Code

Technical blog

GT generation

Related Tasks

Crowd Analysis, Crowd Localization, Video Surveillance, Dense/Small/Tiny Object Detection

Datasets

Please refer to this page.

Papers

Considering the increasing number of papers in this field, we roughly summarize some articles and put them into the following categories (they are still listed in this document):

[Top Conference/Journal][Survey][Un-/semi-/weakly-/self- Supervised Learning]
[Auxiliary Tasks][Localization][Transfer Learning and Domain Adaptation]
[Light-weight Models][Video][Network Design, Search]
[Perspective Map][Attention][Transformer]

arXiv papers

Note that all unpublished arXiv papers are not included in the leaderboard of performance.

<details> <summary>Earlier ArXiv Papers</summary> </details>

2024

Conference

Journal

2023

Conference

Journal

2022

Conference

Journal

2021

Conference

Journal

2020

Conference

Journal

2019

Conference

Journal

2018

Conference

Journal

2017

Conference

Journal

2016

Conference

2015

Conference

Journal

2014

Conference

2013

Conference

2012

Conference

2011

Conference

2010

Conference

2008

Conference

Leaderboard

The section is being continually updated. Note that some values have superscript, which indicates their source.

NWPU

Please refer to this page.

ShanghaiTech Part A

Year-Conference/JournalMethodsMAEMSEPSNRSSIMParamsPre-trained Model
2016--CVPRMCNN110.2173.221.4<sup>CSR</sup>0.52<sup>CSR</sup>0.13M<sup>SANet</sup>None
2017--AVSSCMTL101.3152.4---None
2017--CVPRSwitching CNN90.4135.0--15.11M<sup>SANet</sup>VGG-16
2017--ICIPMSCNN83.8127.4----
2017--ICCVCP-CNN73.6106.421.72<sup>CP-CNN</sup>0.72<sup>CP-CNN</sup>68.4M<sup>SANet</sup>-
2018--AAAITDF-CNN97.5145.1----
2018--WACVSaCNN86.8139.2----
2018--CVPRACSCP75.7102.7--5.1MNone
2018--CVPRD-ConvNet-v173.5112.3---VGG-16
2018--CVPRIG-CNN72.5118.2---VGG-16
2018--CVPRL2R (Multi-task, Query-by-example)72.0106.6---VGG-16
2018--CVPRL2R (Multi-task, Keyword)73.6112.0---VGG-16
2019--CVPRWGSP (one stage, efficient)70.7103.6---VGG-16
2018--IJCAIDRSAN69.396.4----
2018--ECCVic-CNN (one stage)69.8117.3----
2018--ECCVic-CNN (two stages)68.5116.2----
2018--CVPRCSRNet68.2115.023.790.7616.26M<sup>SANet</sup>VGG-16
2018--ECCVSANet67.0104.5--0.91MNone
2019--AAAIGWTA-CCNN154.7229.4----
2021--TPAMILA-Batch (backbone CSRNet)65.8103.6----
2019--ICASSPASD65.698.0----
2019--ICCVCFF65.2109.425.40.78--
2019--CVPRSFCN64.8107.5----
2020--AAAIDUBNet64.6106.8----
2019--ICCVSPN+L2SM64.298.4----
2019--CVPRTEDnet64.2109.125.880.831.63M-
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(AMG-bAttn-DME)63.298.924.480.88--
2019--CVPRPACNN66.3106.4----
2019--CVPRPACNN+CSRNet62.4102.0----
2019--CVPRCAN62.3100.0---VGG-16
2019--TIPHA-CCN62.994.9----
2019--ICCVBL62.8101.8----
2019--WACVSPN61.799.5----
2019--ICCVDSSINet60.6396.04----
2019--ICCVMBTTBF-SCFB60.294.1----
2019--ICCVRANet59.4102.0----
2019--ICCVSPANet+SANet59.492.5----
2019--TIPPaDNet59.298.1----
2022--CVPRGauNet59.295.4---VGG-16
2019--ICCVS-DCNet58.395.0----
2020--ICPRM-SFANet+M-SegNet57.5594.48----
2019--ICCVPGCNet57.086.0----
2020--ECCVAMSNet56.793.4----
2020--CVPRADSCNet55.497.7----
2021--AAAISASNet53.5988.38----
2022--CVPRLSC-CNN + CTFNet53.482.3----
2023--CVPRPSDDN + Crowd-Hat51.281.9----
2024--CVPRCrowdDiff47.475.0----

ShanghaiTech Part B

Year-Conference/JournalMethodsMAEMSE
2016--CVPRMCNN26.441.3
2017--ICIPMSCNN17.730.2
2017--AVSSCMTL20.031.1
2017--CVPRSwitching CNN21.633.4
2017--ICCVCP-CNN20.130.1
2018--TIPBSAD20.235.6
2018--WACVSaCNN16.225.8
2018--CVPRACSCP17.227.4
2018--CVPRCSRNet10.616.0
2018--CVPRIG-CNN13.621.1
2018--CVPRD-ConvNet-v118.726.0
2018--CVPRDecideNet21.5331.98
2018--CVPRDecideNet + R320.7529.42
2018--CVPRL2R (Multi-task, Query-by-example)14.423.8
2018--CVPRL2R (Multi-task, Keyword)13.721.4
2018--IJCAIDRSAN11.118.2
2018--AAAITDF-CNN20.732.8
2018--ECCVic-CNN (one stage)10.416.7
2018--ECCVic-CNN (two stages)10.716.0
2019--CVPRWGSP (one stage, efficient)9.115.9
2021--TPAMILA-Batch (backbone CSRNet)8.613.6
2018--ECCVSANet8.413.6
2019--WACVSPN9.414.4
2019--ICCVPGCNet8.813.7
2019--ICASSPASD8.513.7
2019--CVPRTEDnet8.212.8
2019--TIPHA-CCN8.113.4
2019--TIPPaDNet8.112.2
2019--ICCVRANet7.912.9
2019--CVPRCAN7.812.2
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(AMG-attn-DME)7.712.9
2020--AAAIDUBNet7.712.5
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(AMG-DME)7.613.9
2019--CVPRSFCN7.613.0
2019--CVPRPACNN8.913.5
2022--CVPRGauNet(VGG-16)7.612.7
2019--CVPRPACNN+CSRNet7.611.8
2019--ICCVBL7.712.7
2019--ICCVCFF7.212.2
2019--ICCVSPN+L2SM7.211.1
2022--CVPRLSC-CNN + CTFNet7.19.7
2019--ICCVDSSINet6.8510.34
2019--ICCVS-DCNet6.710.7
2019--ICCVSPANet+SANet6.59.9
2020--CVPRADSCNet6.411.3
2020--ICPRM-SFANet+M-SegNet6.3210.06
2021--AAAISASNet6.359.9
2023--CVPRPSDDN + Crowd-Hat5.79.4
2024--CVPRCrowdDiff5.78.2

JHU-CROWD++

Year-Conference/JournalMethodsMAE(Val Set)MSE(Val Set)MAE(Test Set)MSE(Test Set)
2016--CVPRMCNN160.6377.7188.9483.4
2017--AVSSCMTL138.1379.5157.8490.4
2019--ICCVDSSINet116.6317.4133.5416.5
2019--CVPRCAN89.5239.3100.1314.0
2020--TPAMILSC-CNN87.3309.0112.7454.4
2018--ECCVSANet82.1272.691.1320.4
2019--ICCVMBTTBF73.8256.881.8299.1
2018--CVPRCSRNet72.2249.985.9309.2
2022--CVPRGauNet(VGG-16)--69.4262.4
2020--TPAMICG-DRCN-CC-VGG1667.9262.182.3328.0
2019--CVPRSFCN62.9247.577.5297.6
2019--ICCVBL59.3229.275.0299.9
2020--TPAMICG-DRCN-CC-Res10157.6244.471.0278.6
2023--CVPRPSDDN + Crowd-Hat52.3211.8
2024--CVPRCrowdDiff47.3198.9

UCF-QNRF

Year-Conference/JournalMethodC-MAEC-NAEC-MSEDM-MAEDM-MSEDM-HIL- Av. PrecisionL-Av. RecallL-AUC
2013--CVPRIdrees 2013<sup>CL</sup>3150.63508------
2016--CVPRMCNN<sup>CL</sup>2770.554260.0066700.02230.535459.93%63.50%0.591
2017--AVSSCMTL<sup>CL</sup>2520.545140.0059320.02440.5024---
2017--CVPRSwitching CNN<sup>CL</sup>2280.444450.0056730.02630.5301---
2018--ECCVCL1320.261910.000440.00170.913175.8%59.75%0.714
2019--TIPHA-CCN118.1-180.4------
2019--CVPRTEDnet113-188------
2021--TPAMILA-Batch113-210------
2019--ICCVRANet111-190------
2019--CVPRCAN107-183------
2020--AAAIDUBNet105.6-180.5------
2019--ICCVSPN+L2SM104.7-173.6------
2019--ICCVS-DCNet104.4-176.1------
2019--CVPRSFCN102.0-171.4------
2019--ICCVDSSINet99.1-159.2------
2019--ICCVMBTTBF-SCFB97.5-165.2------
2019--TIPPaDNet96.5-170.2------
2022--CVPRLSC-CNN + CTFNet90.8-166.7------
2019--ICCVBL88.7-154.8------
2020--ICPRM-SFANet85.6-151.23------
2021--AAAISASNet85.2-147.3------
2022--CVPRGauNet(VGG-16)84.2-152.4------
2020--CVPRADSCNet71.3-132.5------
2023--CVPRPSDDN + Crowd-Hat75.1-126.7------
2024--CVPRCrowdDiff68.9-125.6------

UCF_CC_50

Year-Conference/JournalMethodsMAEMSE
2013--CVPRIdrees 2013468.0590.3
2015--CVPRZhang 2015467.0498.5
2016--ACM MMCrowdNet452.5-
2016--CVPRMCNN377.6509.1
2016--ECCVCNN-Boosting364.4-
2016--ECCVHydra-CNN333.73425.26
2016--ICIPShang 2016270.3-
2017--ICIPMSCNN363.7468.4
2017--AVSSCMTL322.8397.9
2017--CVPRSwitching CNN318.1439.2
2017--ICCVCP-CNN298.8320.9
2017--ICCVConvLSTM-nt284.5297.1
2018--TIPBSAD409.5563.7
2018--AAAITDF-CNN354.7491.4
2018--WACVSaCNN314.9424.8
2018--CVPRIG-CNN291.4349.4
2018--CVPRACSCP291.0404.6
2018--CVPRL2R (Multi-task, Query-by-example)291.5397.6
2018--CVPRL2R (Multi-task, Keyword)279.6388.9
2018--CVPRD-ConvNet-v1288.4404.7
2018--CVPRCSRNet266.1397.5
2018--ECCVic-CNN (two stages)260.9365.5
2018--ECCVSANet258.4334.9
2018--IJCAIDRSAN219.2250.2
2019--AAAIGWTA-CCNN433.7583.3
2019--WACVSPN259.2335.9
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(DME)257.1363.5
2019--TIPHA-CCN256.2348.4
2019--CVPRTEDnet249.4354.5
2019--CVPRPACNN267.9357.8
2020--AAAIDUBNet243.8329.3
2019--CVPRPACNN+CSRNet241.7320.7
2019--ICCVRANet239.8319.4
2019--ICCVMBTTBF-SCFB233.1300.9
2019--ICCVBL229.3308.2
2019--ICCVDSSINet216.9302.4
2022--CVPRGauNet(VGG-16)215.4296.4
2019--CVPRSFCN214.2318.2
2019--CVPRCAN212.2243.7
2019--ICCVS-DCNet204.2301.3
2021--TPAMILA-Batch (backbone CSRNet)203.0230.6
2019--ICASSPASD196.2270.9
2019--ICCVSPN+L2SM188.4315.3
2019--TIPPaDNet185.8278.3
2022--CVPRLSC-CNN + CTFNet168.3224.6
2020--ICPRM-SFANet162.33276.76
2021--AAAISASNet161.4234.46
2024--CVPRCrowdDiff160.8225.0

WorldExpo'10

Year-Conference/JournalMethodS1S2S3S4S5Avg.
2015--CVPRZhang 20159.814.114.322.23.712.9
2016--CVPRMCNN3.420.612.913.08.111.6
2017--ICIPMSCNN7.815.414.911.85.811.7
2017--ICCVConvLSTM-nt8.616.914.615.44.011.9
2017--ICCVConvLSTM7.115.215.213.93.510.9
2017--ICCVBidirectional ConvLSTM6.814.514.913.53.110.6
2017--CVPRSwitching CNN4.415.710.011.05.99.4
2017--ICCVCP-CNN2.914.710.510.45.88.86
2018--AAAITDF-CNN2.723.410.717.63.311.5
2018--CVPRIG-CNN2.616.110.1520.27.611.3
2018--TIPBSAD4.121.711.911.03.510.5
2018--ECCVic-CNN17.012.39.28.14.710.3
2018--CVPRDecideNet2.013.148.917.44.759.23
2018--CVPRD-ConvNet-v11.912.120.78.32.69.1
2018--CVPRCSRNet2.911.58.616.63.48.6
2018--WACVSaCNN2.613.510.612.53.38.5
2018--ECCVSANet2.613.29.013.33.08.2
2018--IJCAIDRSAN2.611.810.310.43.77.76
2018--CVPRACSCP2.814.059.68.12.97.5
2019--ICCVPGCNet2.512.78.413.73.28.1
2021--TPAMILA-Batch(backbone CSRNet)2.411.08.113.52.77.5
2019--CVPRTEDnet2.310.111.313.82.68.0
2019--CVPRPACNN2.312.59.111.23.87.8
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(AMG-bAttn-DME)1.714.411.57.93.07.7
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(AMG-attn-DME)1.613.28.710.62.67.3
2019--CVPRCAN2.912.010.07.94.37.4
2019--CVPRCAN(ECAN)2.49.48.811.24.07.2
2019--ICCVDSSINet1.579.519.4610.352.496.67
2020--ICPRM-SFANet1.8813.2410.077.53.877.32
2020--CVPRASNet2.2210.118.897.144.846.64
2021--AAAISASNet1.13413.247.687.612.075.71

UCSD

Year-Conference/JournalMethodMAEMSE
2015--CVPRZhang 20151.603.31
2016--ECCVHydra-CNN1.65-
2016--ECCVCNN-Boosting1.10-
2016--CVPRMCNN1.071.35
2017--ICCVConvLSTM-nt1.733.52
2017--CVPRSwitching CNN1.622.10
2017--ICCVConvLSTM1.301.79
2017--ICCVBidirectional ConvLSTM1.131.43
2018--CVPRCSRNet1.161.47
2018--CVPRACSCP1.041.35
2018--ECCVSANet1.021.29
2018--TIPBSAD1.001.40
2019--WACVSPN1.031.32
2019--ICCVSPANet+SANet1.001.28
2019--CVPRADCrowdNet(DME)0.981.25
2019--BMVCE3D0.931.17
2019--CVPRPACNN0.891.18
2019--TIPPaDNet0.851.06

Mall

Year-Conference/JournalMethodMAEMSE
2012--BMVCChen 20123.1515.7
2016--ECCVCNN-Boosting2.01-
2017--ICCVConvLSTM-nt2.5311.2
2017--ICCVConvLSTM2.248.5
2017--ICCVBidirectional ConvLSTM2.107.6
2018--CVPRDecideNet1.521.90
2018--IJCAIDRSAN1.722.1
2019--BMVCE3D1.642.13
2021--TPAMILA-Batch (backbone CSRNet)1.341.60
2019--WACVSAAN1.281.68