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The waves protocol is a set of rules named consensus by which nodes reach an agreement on the network, and format which nodes use to communicate with each other. It based on several well described hash and crypto algorithms and has predefined set of entries to operate on network. This library contains all algorithm implementations like signature verification and protocol entries like address used in waves protocol. Also it contains utility methods and format converters to help 3rd party developers.

Agenda

Installation

npm install @waves/ts-lib-crypto

Import styles

The is several ways of doing things when using ts-lib-crypto. You can import functions strait-forward:

import { address } from  '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
address('my secret seed') // 3PAP3wkgbGjdd1FuBLn9ajXvo6edBMCa115

Or you can use a crypto constructor function:

import { crypto } from  '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const { address } = crypto()
address('my secret seed') // 3PAP3wkgbGjdd1FuBLn9ajXvo6edBMCa115

The second approach gives you more flexibility, using this approach you are able to embed the seed and use all seed-dependant functions without seed parameter:

import { crypto } from  '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const { address } = crypto({seed: 'my secret seed'})
address() // 3PAP3wkgbGjdd1FuBLn9ajXvo6edBMCa115

Inputs

ts-lib-crypto is even more flexible. Any function argument that represents binary data or seed could be passed in several ways. Let's take a look on the following example:

import { address } from  '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const  seedString  =  'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
const  seedBytesAsArray  = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101, 32, 112, 117, 115, 104, 32, 104, 117, 109, 97, 110, 32, 98, 117, 115, 32, 101, 99, 104, 111, 32, 100, 114, 97, 115, 116, 105, 99, 32, 103, 97, 114, 100, 101, 110, 32, 106, 111, 107, 101, 32, 115, 97, 110, 100, 32, 119, 97, 114, 102, 97, 114, 101, 32, 115, 101, 110, 116, 101, 110, 99, 101, 32, 102, 111, 115, 115, 105, 108, 32, 116, 105, 116, 108, 101, 32, 99, 111, 108, 111, 114, 32, 99, 111, 109, 98, 105, 110, 101]
const  seedBytesAsUintArray  =  Uint8Array.from(seedBytesAsArray)
address(seedString) // 3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36
address(seedBytesAsArray) // 3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36
address(seedBytesAsUintArray) // 3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36

As you can see seed parameter is treated the same way for number[] or Uint8Array. When you pass binary data is could be represented as number[] or Uint8Array or even base58:

import { address, randomSeed, sha256 } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const seed = randomSeed() // uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine
const addressBase58 = address(seed) // 3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36
sha256(addressBase58) // DMPenguwWdLdZ7tesiZY6grw7mjKU2Dob1cn9Uq9TKfp

Here we got sha256 hash from address bytes represented as base58 (3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36). Be aware that sha256 value is not based on "3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36" string itself, this value was treated as a binary data and base58Decode was applied.

Outputs

As you've noticed from the previous section address() output is base58 string like:

// 3PAP3wkgbGjdd1FuBLn9ajXvo6edBMCa115

By default functions from the following list output base58 string as a result, no matter what import-style you choose:

keyPair
publicKey
privateKey
address
sharedKey
signBytes

If you prefer binary output, you can alter this behaviour and make those functions to return UInt8Array instead.

When using inline import style:

// You can use [/bytes] module when importing functions to set output to UInt8Array
import { address } from  '@waves/ts-lib-crypto/bytes'
address('uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine')
// => Uint8Array [1,87,55,118,79,89,6,115,207,200,130,220,32,33,101,69,108,108,53,48,167,127,203,18,143,121]

When using crypto constructor function:

import { crypto } from  '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const { address } = crypto({ output: 'Bytes' })
address('uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine')
// => Uint8Array [1,87,55,118,79,89,6,115,207,200,130,220,32,33,101,69,108,108,53,48,167,127,203,18,143,121]

Seed generation

The seed is a set of words or bytes that private and public keys are generated from. The usual Waves seed looks like:

uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine

There are couple ways to generate seed:

const handWrittenSeedString = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
const handWrittenSeedBytes = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101, 32, 112, 117, 115, 104, 32, 104, 117, 109, 97, 110, 32, 98, 117, 115, 32, 101, 99, 104, 111, 32, 100, 114, 97, 115, 116, 105, 99, 32, 103, 97, 114, 100, 101, 110, 32, 106, 111, 107, 101, 32, 115, 97, 110, 100, 32, 119, 97, 114, 102, 97, 114, 101, 32, 115, 101, 110, 116, 101, 110, 99, 101, 32, 102, 111, 115, 115, 105, 108, 32, 116, 105, 116, 108, 101, 32, 99, 111, 108, 111, 114, 32, 99, 111, 109, 98, 105, 110, 101]

Or if you need seed with nonce:

import { seedWithNonce, randomSeed, address } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

const nonce = 1
const seedphrase = randomSeed() // uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine
const seed = seedWithNonce(seedphrase, nonce)

//Now you can use seed as usual
address(seed)

Seed could be any string or number[] or Uint8Array or ISeedWithNonce.

There is also a way to generate seed-phrase using ts-lib-crypto described in the next section.

randomSeed

import { randomSeed } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

randomSeed() //uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine

You can also specify seed-phrase size:

randomSeed(3) //uncle push human

The default seed size is 15 words.

seedWordsList

If you want to get all the valid seed words that official waves-client generates seed-phrase from, use seedWordsList the 2048 word array.

import { seedWordsList } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
console.log(seedWordsList) // [ 'abandon','ability','able', ... 2045 more items ]

Keys and address

publicKey

You could get public key either from raw seed-phrase or seed with nonce:

import { publicKey, seedWithNonce } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
publicKey(seed) // 4KxUVD9NtyRJjU3BCvPgJSttoJX7cb3DMdDTNucLN121
publicKey(seedWithNonce(seed, 0)) // 4KxUVD9NtyRJjU3BCvPgJSttoJX7cb3DMdDTNucLN121

Or even from private key, it's usefull in some cases:

import { publicKey, privateKey, seedWithNonce } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
const pk = privateKey(seed)
publicKey({ privateKey: pk }) // 4KxUVD9NtyRJjU3BCvPgJSttoJX7cb3DMdDTNucLN121

privateKey

Same with private key:

import { privateKey, seedWithNonce } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const  seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
privateKey(seed)
privateKey(seedWithNonce(seed, 99))

keyPair

You could also obtain a keyPair:

import { keyPair } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const  seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
keyPair(seed)
// => { 
//      publicKey:  '4KxUVD9NtyRJjU3BCvPgJSttoJX7cb3DMdDTNucLN121',
//      privateKey: '6zFSymZAoaua3gtJPbAUwM584tRETdKYdEG9BeEnZaGW'
//    }

address

You can create an address for Mainnet:

import { address } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const  seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
address(seed) // 3P9KR33QyXwfTXv8kKtNGZYtgKk3RXSUk36

or Testnet:

address(seed, 'T') // 3MwJc5iX7QQGq5ciVFdNK7B5KSEGbUCVxDw

alternatively You could use TEST_NET_CHAIN_ID constant instead of T literal like this:

import { address, TEST_NET_CHAIN_ID } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const  seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
address(seed, TEST_NET_CHAIN_ID) // 3MwJc5iX7QQGq5ciVFdNK7B5KSEGbUCVxDw

There are several more useful constants, you can check them in [constants] section.

Signatures

signBytes

To sign arbitrary bytes or usually transaction bytes you should use the signBytes function. Here is sign with seed example:

import { signBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytes = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101]
const seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
signBytes(seed, bytes) // 5ZpULwrnUYoxQZcw26km6tgGbj1y23ywYB4A9bLCpax6PUdrhkCmmoLBP6C1G5yiMJ7drqN9jNxPym6f8vrPsWnm

Also you can use private key to sign bytes:

import { signBytes, privateKey } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytes = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101]
const seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
const key = privateKey(seed)
signBytes({ privateKey: key }, bytes)

Remember that you can use base58 strings when it's about binary data, so you can represent bytes as base58 too:

signBytes({ privateKey:  key }, 'Fk1sjwdPSwZ4bPwvpCGPH6')

You can learn more about it in the outputs section.

verifySignature

Verifying signature is a way to proof what particular bytes was signed with a particular private key or seed which correspond to public key that we are checking against:

import { signBytes, verifySignature, keyPair } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
//Signature roundtrip
const bytes = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101]
const seed = 'uncle push human bus echo drastic garden joke sand warfare sentence fossil title color combine'
const keys = keyPair(seed)
const signature = signBytes(keys, bytes)
verifySignature(keys.publicKey, bytes, signature) // true

Hashing

There are three hashing algorithms available in ts-lib-crypto.

blake2b

import { blake2b } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytesArray = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101]
const bytesUint = Uint8Array.from([117, 110, 99, 108, 101])
const bytesBase58 = 'EFRr9cp'
blake2b(bytesArray)  // 9DqBU9wZAR85PyrUSJpwaU9DggM8veyMxRMvFe1q6atu
blake2b(bytesUint)   // 9DqBU9wZAR85PyrUSJpwaU9DggM8veyMxRMvFe1q6atu
blake2b(bytesBase58) // 9DqBU9wZAR85PyrUSJpwaU9DggM8veyMxRMvFe1q6atu

keccak

import { keccak } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytesArray = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101]
const bytesUint = Uint8Array.from([117, 110, 99, 108, 101])
const bytesBase58 = 'EFRr9cp'
keccak(bytesArray)  // 5cqz9N2PPjDkSBSwga8AttKzQEHfn8aQ95rcZZmabLA7
keccak(bytesUint)   // 5cqz9N2PPjDkSBSwga8AttKzQEHfn8aQ95rcZZmabLA7
keccak(bytesBase58) // 5cqz9N2PPjDkSBSwga8AttKzQEHfn8aQ95rcZZmabLA7

sha256

import { sha256 } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytesArray = [117, 110, 99, 108, 101]
const bytesUint = Uint8Array.from([117, 110, 99, 108, 101])
const bytesBase58 = 'EFRr9cp'
sha256(bytesArray)  // 4JPydqbhxhZF7kpuGA2tJWkXDmevJYfig45gqdV1UF9E
sha256(bytesUint)   // 4JPydqbhxhZF7kpuGA2tJWkXDmevJYfig45gqdV1UF9E
sha256(bytesBase58) // 4JPydqbhxhZF7kpuGA2tJWkXDmevJYfig45gqdV1UF9E

Random

There is several ways to get random values in ts-lib-crypto. To get an Uint8Array of random values simply use:

randomBytes

import { randomBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
randomBytes(3) // Uint8Array [ 120, 46, 179 ]

If you want more control over the values format you could use:

random

import { random } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

const length = 3     
random(length, 'Array8')       // [ 19, 172, 130 ]   
random(length, 'Array16')      // [ 61736, 48261, 38395 ] 
random(length, 'Array32')      // [ 406628961, 307686833, 2604847943 ]       
random(length, 'Buffer')       // <Buffer db ff fb>       
random(length, 'Uint8Array')   // Uint8Array [ 137, 85, 212 ]   
random(length, 'Uint16Array')  // Uint16Array [ 35881, 51653, 55967 ]  
random(length, 'Uint32Array')  // Uint32Array [ 698646076, 2957331816, 2073997581 ]

Base encoding\decoding

import { base16Encode, base16Decode, base58Encode, base58Decode, base64Encode, base64Decode, randomBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

const bytes = randomBytes(32)

// Base16 same as Hex
const base16String = base16Encode(bytes) // 2059ec5d9ed640b75722ec6a2ff76890e523ea4624887549db761d678ba8f899
const bytesFromBase16 = base16Decode(base16String)

// Base58
const base58String = base58Encode(bytes) // 3BHaM9Q5HhUobQ5oZAqjdkE9HRpmqMx4XLq3GXTMD5tU
const bytesFromBase58 = base58Decode(base58String)

// Base64
const base64String = base64Encode(bytes) // IFnsXZ7WQLdXIuxqL/dokOUj6kYkiHVJ23YdZ4uo+Jk=
const bytesFromBase64 = base64Decode(base64String)

Messaging

These methods implement waves messaging protocol

import { sharedKey, messageEncrypt, messageDecrypt, keyPair } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

const bobKeyPair = keyPair('Bob')
const aliceKeyPair = keyPair('Alice')
const msg = 'hello world'

// Alice derives shared key and encrypts message
const sharedKeyA = sharedKey(aliceKeyPair.privateKey, bobKeyPair.publicKey, 'waves') 
const encrypted = messageEncrypt(sharedKeyA, msg)

// Bob decrypts message derives shared key and decrypts message
const sharedKeyB = sharedKey(aliceKeyPair.privateKey, bobKeyPair.publicKey, 'waves') 
const decrypted = messageDecrypt(sharedKeyB, encrypted)

Encryption

This is low level functionality where you have to generate key and iv yourself

aesEncrypt

Encrypt bytes using AES algorithm.

import { aesEncrypt, randomBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

const data = Uint8Arraty.from([1,2,3])
const mode =  'CBC' // Possible modes are 'CBC' | 'CFB' | 'CTR' | 'OFB' | 'ECB' | 'GCM'

const key = randomBytes(32)
const iv = randomBytes(32)

const encrypted = aesEncrypt(data, key, mode, iv)

aesDecrypt

Decrypt bytes using AES algorithm

const decrypted = aesDecrypt(encrypted, key, mode, iv)

Seed encryption

These functions implements seed encryption protocol used in DexClient and WavesKeeper

import { encryptSeed, decryptSeed } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'

const seed = 'some secret seed phrase i use'
const encrypted = encryptSeed(seed, 'secure password')
const decrypted = decryptSeed(encryptSeed, 'secure password')

Utils

Utility functions designed to help 3rd party developers working with js binary types like Uint8Array and Buffer.

split

You can use split for splitting bytes to sub arrays.

import { split, randomBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytes = randomBytes(2 + 3 + 4 + 10)
split(bytes, 2, 3, 4)
// [ 
//   Uint8Array [195, 206],
//   Uint8Array [ 10, 208, 171 ],
//   Uint8Array [ 36, 18, 254, 205 ],
//   Uint8Array [ 244, 232, 55, 11, 113, 47, 80, 194, 170, 216 ]
// ]

Alternatively, you can use array deconstruction syntax:

const [a, b, c, rest] = split(bytes, 2, 3, 4)
// a = Uint8Array [195, 206],
// b = Uint8Array [ 10, 208, 171 ],
// c = Uint8Array [ 36, 18, 254, 205 ],
// rest = Uint8Array [ 244, 232, 55, 11, 113, 47, 80, 194, 170, 216 ]

concat

Concat is the opposite and pretty self-explanatory:

import { concat, randomBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
const bytesA = randomBytes(2)
const bytesB = randomBytes(2)
concat(bytesA, bytesB) // Uint8Array [ 36, 18, 254, 205 ]

stringToBytes

import { stringToBytes } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
stringToBytes('Waves!') // Uint8Array [ 87, 97, 118, 101, 115, 33 ]

bytesToString

import { bytesToString } from '@waves/ts-lib-crypto'
bytesToString([ 87, 97, 118, 101, 115, 33 ]) // Waves!

Constants

There is several useful constants declared at ts-lib-crypto:

const PUBLIC_KEY_LENGTH = 32
const PRIVATE_KEY_LENGTH = 32
const SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 64
const ADDRESS_LENGTH = 26

const MAIN_NET_CHAIN_ID = 87 // W
const TEST_NET_CHAIN_ID = 84 // T

Interface

The full IWavesCrypto interface can be found on the project`s github in interface.ts.

  //Seeds, keys and addresses
  seedWithNonce: (seed: TSeed, nonce: number) => INonceSeed
  keyPair: (seed: TSeed) => TKeyPair<TBytesOrBase58>
  publicKey: (seed: TSeed) => TBytesOrBase58
  privateKey: (seed: TSeed) => TBytesOrBase58
  address: (seedOrPublicKey: TSeed | TPublicKey<TBinaryIn>, chainId?: TChainId) => TBytesOrBase58

  //Signature
  signBytes: (seedOrPrivateKey: TSeed | TPrivateKey<TBinaryIn>, bytes: TBinaryIn, random?: TBinaryIn) => TDesiredOut
  //Hashing 
  blake2b: (input: TBinaryIn) => TBytes
  keccak: (input: TBinaryIn) => TBytes
  sha256: (input: TBinaryIn) => TBytes

  //Base encoding\decoding
  base64Encode: (input: TBinaryIn) => TBase64
  base64Decode: (input: TBase64) => TBytes //throws (invalid input)
  base58Encode: (input: TBinaryIn) => TBase58
  base58Decode: (input: TBase58) => TBytes //throws (invalid input)
  base16Encode: (input: TBinaryIn) => TBase16
  base16Decode: (input: TBase16) => TBytes //throws (invalid input)

  //Utils
  stringToBytes: (input: string) => TBytes
  bytesToString: (input: TBinaryIn) => string
  split: (binary: TBinaryIn, ...sizes: number[]) => TBytes[]
  concat: (...binaries: TBinaryIn[]) => TBytes

  //Random
  random<T extends keyof TRandomTypesMap>(count: number, type: T): TRandomTypesMap[T]
  randomBytes: (size: number) => TBytes
  randomSeed: (wordsCount?: number) => string

  //Verification
  verifySignature: (publicKey: TBinaryIn, bytes: TBinaryIn, signature: TBinaryIn) => boolean
  verifyPublicKey: (publicKey: TBinaryIn) => boolean
  verifyAddress: (address: TBinaryIn, optional?: { chainId?: TChainId, publicKey?: TBinaryIn }) => boolean

  //Messaging
  sharedKey: (privateKeyFrom: TBinaryIn, publicKeyTo: TBinaryIn, prefix: TRawStringIn) => TBytesOrBase58
  messageDecrypt: (sharedKey: TBinaryIn, encryptedMessage: TBinaryIn) => string
  messageEncrypt: (sharedKey: TBinaryIn, message: TRawStringIn) => TBytes

  //Encryption
  aesEncrypt: (data: TRawStringIn, secret: TBinaryIn, mode?: AESMode, iv?: TBinaryIn) => TBytes
  aesDecrypt: (encryptedData: TBinaryIn, secret: TBinaryIn, mode?: AESMode, iv?: TBinaryIn) => TBytes

More examples

Every example used in this document and many more can be found on the project`s github inside examples folder.