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TensorCircuit is the next generation of quantum software framework with support for automatic differentiation, just-in-time compiling, hardware acceleration, and vectorized parallelism.

TensorCircuit is built on top of modern machine learning frameworks: Jax, TensorFlow, and PyTorch. It is specifically suitable for highly efficient simulations of quantum-classical hybrid paradigm and variational quantum algorithms in ideal, noisy and approximate cases. It also supports real quantum hardware access and provides CPU/GPU/QPU hybrid deployment solutions since v0.9.

Getting Started

Please begin with Quick Start in the full documentation.

For more information on software usage, sota algorithm implementation and engineer paradigm demonstration, please refer to 70+ example scripts and 30+ tutorial notebooks. API docstrings and test cases in tests are also informative.

The following are some minimal demos.

import tensorcircuit as tc
c = tc.Circuit(2)
c.H(0)
c.CNOT(0,1)
c.rx(1, theta=0.2)
print(c.wavefunction())
print(c.expectation_ps(z=[0, 1]))
print(c.sample(allow_state=True, batch=1024, format="count_dict_bin"))
tc.set_backend("tensorflow")
tc.set_dtype("complex128")
tc.set_contractor("greedy")
def forward(theta):
    c = tc.Circuit(2)
    c.R(0, theta=theta, alpha=0.5, phi=0.8)
    return tc.backend.real(c.expectation((tc.gates.z(), [0])))

g = tc.backend.grad(forward)
g = tc.backend.jit(g)
theta = tc.array_to_tensor(1.0)
print(g(theta))
<details> <summary> More highlight features for TensorCircuit (click for details) </summary>
n = 6
pauli_structures = []
weights = []
for i in range(n):
    pauli_structures.append(tc.quantum.xyz2ps({"z": [i, (i + 1) % n]}, n=n))
    weights.append(1.0)
for i in range(n):
    pauli_structures.append(tc.quantum.xyz2ps({"x": [i]}, n=n))
    weights.append(-1.0)
h = tc.quantum.PauliStringSum2COO(pauli_structures, weights)
print(h)
# BCOO(complex64[64, 64], nse=448)
c = tc.Circuit(n)
c.h(range(n))
energy = tc.templates.measurements.operator_expectation(c, h)
# -6
# tc.set_contractor("cotengra-30-10")
n=500
c = tc.Circuit(n)
c.h(0)
c.cx(range(n-1), range(1, n))
c.expectation_ps(z=[0, n-1], reuse=False)
c = tc.DMCircuit(2)
c.h(0)
c.cx(0, 1)
c.depolarizing(1, px=0.1, py=0.1, pz=0.1)
dm = c.state()
print(tc.quantum.entropy(dm))
print(tc.quantum.entanglement_entropy(dm, [0]))
print(tc.quantum.entanglement_negativity(dm, [0]))
print(tc.quantum.log_negativity(dm, [0]))
</details>

Install

The package is written in pure Python and can be obtained via pip as:

pip install tensorcircuit

We recommend you install this package with tensorflow also installed as:

pip install tensorcircuit[tensorflow]

Other optional dependencies include [torch], [jax], [qiskit] and [cloud].

We also have Docker support.

Advantages

Contributing

Status

This project is created and maintained by Shi-Xin Zhang with current core authors Shi-Xin Zhang and Yu-Qin Chen. We also thank contributions from the open source community.

Citation

If this project helps in your research, please cite our software whitepaper to acknowledge the work put into the development of TensorCircuit.

TensorCircuit: a Quantum Software Framework for the NISQ Era (published in Quantum)

which is also a good introduction to the software.

Research works citing TensorCircuit can be highlighted in Research and Applications section.

Guidelines

For contribution guidelines and notes, see CONTRIBUTING.

We welcome issues, PRs, and discussions from everyone, and these are all hosted on GitHub.

License

TensorCircuit is open source, released under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

Contributors

<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:START - Do not remove or modify this section --> <!-- prettier-ignore-start --> <!-- markdownlint-disable --> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://re-ra.xyz"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35157286?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Shixin Zhang"/><br /><sub><b>Shixin Zhang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=refraction-ray" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=refraction-ray" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#example-refraction-ray" title="Examples">💡</a> <a href="#ideas-refraction-ray" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#infra-refraction-ray" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a> <a href="#maintenance-refraction-ray" title="Maintenance">🚧</a> <a href="#research-refraction-ray" title="Research">🔬</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Arefraction-ray" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#translation-refraction-ray" title="Translation">🌍</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=refraction-ray" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="#tutorial-refraction-ray" title="Tutorials">✅</a> <a href="#talk-refraction-ray" title="Talks">📢</a> <a href="#question-refraction-ray" title="Answering Questions">💬</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/yutuer21"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/83822724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Yuqin Chen"/><br /><sub><b>Yuqin Chen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=yutuer21" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=yutuer21" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#example-yutuer21" title="Examples">💡</a> <a href="#ideas-yutuer21" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#research-yutuer21" title="Research">🔬</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=yutuer21" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="#tutorial-yutuer21" title="Tutorials">✅</a> <a href="#talk-yutuer21" title="Talks">📢</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="http://jiezhongqiu.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3853009?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jiezhong Qiu"/><br /><sub><b>Jiezhong Qiu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=xptree" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#example-xptree" title="Examples">💡</a> <a href="#ideas-xptree" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#research-xptree" title="Research">🔬</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="http://liwt31.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22628546?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Weitang Li"/><br /><sub><b>Weitang Li</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=liwt31" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=liwt31" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#ideas-liwt31" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#research-liwt31" title="Research">🔬</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=liwt31" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="#talk-liwt31" title="Talks">📢</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/SUSYUSTC"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30529122?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jiace Sun"/><br /><sub><b>Jiace Sun</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=SUSYUSTC" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=SUSYUSTC" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#example-SUSYUSTC" title="Examples">💡</a> <a href="#ideas-SUSYUSTC" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#research-SUSYUSTC" title="Research">🔬</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=SUSYUSTC" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/Zhouquan-Wan"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/54523490?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Zhouquan Wan"/><br /><sub><b>Zhouquan Wan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=Zhouquan-Wan" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=Zhouquan-Wan" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#example-Zhouquan-Wan" title="Examples">💡</a> <a href="#ideas-Zhouquan-Wan" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#research-Zhouquan-Wan" title="Research">🔬</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=Zhouquan-Wan" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="#tutorial-Zhouquan-Wan" title="Tutorials">✅</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/ls-iastu"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/70554346?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Shuo Liu"/><br /><sub><b>Shuo Liu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#example-ls-iastu" title="Examples">💡</a> <a href="#research-ls-iastu" title="Research">🔬</a> <a href="#tutorial-ls-iastu" title="Tutorials">✅</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/YHPeter"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/44126839?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Hao Yu"/><br /><sub><b>Hao Yu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=YHPeter" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=YHPeter" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#infra-YHPeter" title="Infrastructure (Hosting, Build-Tools, etc)">🚇</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=YHPeter" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="#tutorial-YHPeter" title="Tutorials">✅</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/SexyCarrots"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/63588721?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Xinghan Yang"/><br /><sub><b>Xinghan Yang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=SexyCarrots" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#translation-SexyCarrots" title="Translation">🌍</a> <a href="#tutorial-SexyCarrots" title="Tutorials">✅</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/JachyMeow"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/114171061?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="JachyMeow"/><br /><sub><b>JachyMeow</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tutorial-JachyMeow" title="Tutorials">✅</a> <a href="#translation-JachyMeow" title="Translation">🌍</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/Mzye21"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/86239031?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Zhaofeng Ye"/><br /><sub><b>Zhaofeng Ye</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#design-Mzye21" title="Design">🎨</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/erertertet"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/41342153?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="erertertet"/><br /><sub><b>erertertet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=erertertet" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=erertertet" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=erertertet" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/yicongzheng"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/107173985?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Yicong Zheng"/><br /><sub><b>Yicong Zheng</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tutorial-yicongzheng" title="Tutorials">✅</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://marksong.tech"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/78847784?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Zixuan Song"/><br /><sub><b>Zixuan Song</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=MarkSong535" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#translation-MarkSong535" title="Translation">🌍</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=MarkSong535" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=MarkSong535" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/buwantaiji"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/25216189?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Hao Xie"/><br /><sub><b>Hao Xie</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=buwantaiji" title="Documentation">📖</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/pramitsingh0"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52959209?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Pramit Singh"/><br /><sub><b>Pramit Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=pramitsingh0" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/JAllcock"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/26302022?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Jonathan Allcock"/><br /><sub><b>Jonathan Allcock</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=JAllcock" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#ideas-JAllcock" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="#talk-JAllcock" title="Talks">📢</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/nealchen2003"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/45502551?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="nealchen2003"/><br /><sub><b>nealchen2003</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=nealchen2003" title="Documentation">📖</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/eurethia"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/84611606?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="隐公观鱼"/><br /><sub><b>隐公观鱼</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=eurethia" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=eurethia" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/WiuYuan"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/108848998?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="WiuYuan"/><br /><sub><b>WiuYuan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#example-WiuYuan" title="Examples">💡</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/felix-xu-16a153196/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/61252303?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Felix Xu"/><br /><sub><b>Felix Xu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tutorial-FelixXu35" title="Tutorials">✅</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=FelixXu35" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=FelixXu35" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://scholar.harvard.edu/hongyehu/home"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50563225?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Hong-Ye Hu"/><br /><sub><b>Hong-Ye Hu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=hongyehu" title="Documentation">📖</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/PeilinZHENG"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/45784888?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="peilin"/><br /><sub><b>peilin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#tutorial-PeilinZHENG" title="Tutorials">✅</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=PeilinZHENG" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=PeilinZHENG" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=PeilinZHENG" title="Documentation">📖</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://emilianog-byte.github.io"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57567043?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Cristian Emiliano Godinez Ramirez"/><br /><sub><b>Cristian Emiliano Godinez Ramirez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=EmilianoG-byte" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=EmilianoG-byte" title="Tests">⚠️</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/ztzhu1"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/111620128?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="ztzhu"/><br /><sub><b>ztzhu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=ztzhu1" title="Code">💻</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/royess"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31059422?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Rabqubit"/><br /><sub><b>Rabqubit</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#example-royess" title="Examples">💡</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/king-p3nguin"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/103920010?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Kazuki Tsuoka"/><br /><sub><b>Kazuki Tsuoka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=king-p3nguin" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=king-p3nguin" title="Tests">⚠️</a> <a href="https://github.com/tencent-quantum-lab/tensorcircuit/commits?author=king-p3nguin" title="Documentation">📖</a> <a href="#example-king-p3nguin" title="Examples">💡</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://gopal-dahale.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/49199003?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Gopal Ramesh Dahale"/><br /><sub><b>Gopal Ramesh Dahale</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#example-Gopal-Dahale" title="Examples">💡</a></td> <td align="center" valign="top" width="16.66%"><a href="https://github.com/AbdullahKazi500"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/75779966?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt="Chanandellar Bong"/><br /><sub><b>Chanandellar Bong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#example-AbdullahKazi500" title="Examples">💡</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <!-- markdownlint-restore --> <!-- prettier-ignore-end --> <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:END --> <!-- prettier-ignore-start --> <!-- markdownlint-disable --> <!-- markdownlint-restore --> <!-- prettier-ignore-end --> <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-LIST:END -->

Research and Applications

DQAS

For the application of Differentiable Quantum Architecture Search, see applications.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.08561 (published in QST).

VQNHE

For the application of Variational Quantum-Neural Hybrid Eigensolver, see applications.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.05105 (published in PRL) and https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10380 (published in AQT).

VQEX-MBL

For the application of VQEX on MBL phase identification, see the tutorial.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.13719 (published in PRB).

Stark-DTC

For the numerical demosntration of discrete time crystal enabled by Stark many-body localization, see the Floquet simulation demo.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.02866 (published in PRL).

RA-Training

For the numerical simulation of variational quantum algorithm training using random gate activation strategy by us, see the project repo.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08154 (published in PRR as a Letter).

TenCirChem

TenCirChem is an efficient and versatile quantum computation package for molecular properties. TenCirChem is based on TensorCircuit and is optimized for chemistry applications.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10825 (published in JCTC).

EMQAOA-DARBO

For the numerical simulation and hardware experiments with error mitigation on QAOA, see the project repo.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.14877 (published in Communications Physics).

NN-VQA

For the setup and simulation code of neural network encoded variational quantum eigensolver, see the demo.

Reference paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.01068 (published in PRApplied).

More works

<details> <summary> More research works and code projects using TensorCircuit (click for details) </summary>

If you want to highlight your research work or projects here, feel free to add by opening PR.