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Keypoint Communities

In this repository you will find the code to our ICCV '21 paper:

Keypoint Communities<br /> Duncan Zauss, Sven Kreiss, Alexandre Alahi, 2021.

We present a fast bottom-up method that jointly detects over 100 keypoints on humans or objects, also referred to as human/object pose estimation. We model all keypoints belonging to a human or an object -the pose- as a graph and leverage insights from community detection to quantify the independence of keypoints. We use a graph centrality measure to assign training weights to different parts of a pose. Our proposed measure quantifies how tightly a keypoint is connected to its neighborhood. Our experiments show that our method outperforms all previous methods for human pose estimation with fine-grained keypoint annotations on the face, the hands and the feet with a total of 133 keypoints. We also show that our method generalizes to car poses.

Qualitative results

Image credit: Photo by Toby Bradbury which is licensed under CC-BY-2.0.<br />

Demo of a short video that we have processed with our human pose estimation network and the car pose estimation network.

Webcam demo. You can try it out yourself with the following command:

python -m openpifpaf.video --source=0 --checkpoint=shufflenetv2k16-wholebody --long-edge=321 --horizontal-flip --show

You can replace --source=0 with --source=<PathToMyVideo>/videofile.mp4 if you wish to process a video file instead of using your webcam. <br />

Image credit: Photo by Lokomotive74 which is licensed under CC-BY-4.0.<br /> Created with:

python -m openpifpaf.predict docs/soccer.jpeg --checkpoint=shufflenetv2k30-wholebody --line-width=2 --show

Image credit: "Learning to surf" by fotologic which is licensed under [CC-BY-2.0].<br /> Created with:

python3 -m openpifpaf.predict docs/000000081988.jpg --checkpoint=shufflenetv2k30-wholebody --line-width=2 --show

Example prediction on one of the validation images (180310_022316798_Camera_5.jpg) of the ApolloCar3D dataset. Created with:

python -m openpifpaf.predict <Path/To/The/ApolloCar3D/Images>/180310_022316798_Camera_5.jpg --checkpoint=shufflenetv2k30-apollo-66 --image-dpi-factor=0.25 --line-width=2 --caf-th=0.2 --seed-threshold=0.2 --show

Installation

This project is based on OpenPifPaf. Create a virtual environment with python 3.7, 3.8 or 3.9, clone this repo and then install the required packages:

git clone https://github.com/DuncanZauss/Keypoint_Communities.git
cd Keypoint_Communities
pip install -r requirements.txt

Obtain keypoint weights

To compute the keypoint weights with our method, download the preprocessed annotations of the MS COCO WholeBody dataset and/or the ApolloCar3D dataset with the following commands:

cd Keypoint_Communities/src
wget https://github.com/DuncanZauss/Keypoint_Communities/releases/download/v0.1.0/person_keypoints_train2017_wholebody_pifpaf_style.json
wget https://github.com/DuncanZauss/Keypoint_Communities/releases/download/v0.1.0/apollo_keypoints_66_train.json

To compute the average euclidean distance in the datasets for every edge run:

python Compute_edge_weights.py

To compute training weights with centrality measures as proposed in our paper run the following command:

python Compute_training_weights.py

You will find the computed weights in the respective csv file and a visualization of the computed weights in the respective docs folder.

Training

For training you will need to download the MS COCO dataset and the WholeBody keypoint annotations as explained here. To train an OpenPifPaf model with our keypoint weighting scheme, you can use the following command:

python -m openpifpaf.train --dataset=wholebody --lr=0.0001 --momentum=0.95 --b-scale=10.0 --clip-grad-value=10 --epochs=350 --lr-decay 330 340 --lr-decay-epochs=10 --lr-warm-up-start-epoch=250 --batch-size=16 --weight-decay=1e-5 --wholebody-upsample=2 --wholebody-extended-scale --wholebody-orientation-invariant=0.1 --checkpoint=shufflenetv2k30 --head-consolidation=create --wholebody-val-annotations=<dataset_path>/person_keypoints_val2017_wholebody_pifpaf_style.json --wholebody-train-annotations=<dataset_path>/person_keypoints_train2017_wholebody_pifpaf_style.json --wholebody-apply-local-centrality-weights

Evaluation

To evaluate a trained model you first need to download the annotation file from this link and than you can use the following command to evaluate a model:

python -m openpifpaf.eval --dataset=wholebody --checkpoint=shufflenetv2k30-wholebody --force-complete-pose --seed-threshold=0.2 --force-complete-caf-th=0.001  --wholebody-val-annotations=<dataset_path>/coco_wholebody_val_v1.0.json

The command should return you the following metrics:

Additionally the runtime for the network and decoder is shown. For our setup (GPU: NVIDIA GTX 1080Ti, CPU: Intel i7-8700) the neural network runs in 93ms and the decoder runs in 60ms. Additional decoder settings for different precision/inference time trade-offs are shown in table 4 of our paper.

The shufflenetv2k30-wholebody is our pretrained model, which was trained with the command from the Training section and will automatically be downloaded via torchhub. If you wish to evaluate your own model you can replace it with a local path to your model.

Related projects

• AK391 created a great webdemo in Huggingface Spaces with Gradio. See demo:

Citation

If you find our research useful we would be happy if you cite us:

@inproceedings{zauss2021keypoint,
  title={Keypoint Communities},
  author={Zauss, Duncan and Kreiss, Sven and Alahi, Alexandre},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision},
  pages={11057--11066},
  year={2021}
}

License

The code in this repository is licensed under the MIT license. For more information please refer to the LICENSE file. This project is largely based on OpenPifPaf. OpenPifPaf is licensed under the GNU AGPLv3 license, for more information please refer to OpenPifPaf's license.