Awesome

Entire course and video content updated June 15, 2024

Welcome to the repository for the Blockchain Developer, Smart Contract, & Solidity Cyfrin Updraft - Career Path <br>| Powered By AI |<br>| Beginner to Expert Path |<br>| Foundry Edition 2024 |

This repository houses course resources and discussions for the course.

Please refer to this for an in-depth explanation of the content:

• Website - Join Cyfrin Updraft and enjoy 50+ hours of smart contract development courses
• Twitter - Stay updated with the latest course releases
• LinkedIn - Add Updraft to your learning experiences
• Discord - Join a community of 3000+ developers and auditors
• Newsletter - Weekly security research tips and resources to level up your career
• Codehawks - Smart contracts auditing competitions to help secure web3

Cyfrin Updraft Courses:

• Cyfrin Updraft - Blockchain basics
• Cyfrin Updraft - Solidity basics
• Cyfrin Updraft - Foundry Fundamentals
• Cyfrin Updraft - Advanced Foundry

YouTube Link

Table of Contents

All the sections on this repo are for several courses on the Solidity Developer Career path of Cyfrin Updraft.

<a href="#disclosures">Disclosures</a>

<a href="#thank-you">Thank you</a>

Recommended Tools

• Recommended Testnet: Sepolia
• Recommended DevOps: foundry-devops

Testnet Faucets

If you receive a flag pop-up requiring you to have 0.001 ETH on mainnet, you may be able to wait 10 to 20 minutes and try again to avoid adding the 0.001 ETH on the mainnet.

• Tenderly Virtual Signup: <a href="https://tenderly.co/?mtm_campaign=partner&mtm_kwd=cyfrin" target="_blank"> https://tenderly.co/?mtm_campaign=partner&mtm_kwd=cyfrin</a>
• Main (Sepolia): <a href="https://cloud.google.com/application/web3/faucet/ethereum/sepolia" target="_blank"> Sepolia GCP Faucet </a>
• Alchemy Faucet (Sepolia):<a href="https://sepoliafaucet.com/" target="_blank"> https://sepoliafaucet.com/</a>
• Infura Faucet (Sepolia):<a href="https://www.infura.io/faucet/sepolia" target="_blank" > https://www.infura.io/faucet/sepolia</a>
• Chainlink Faucet (Sepolia):<a href="https://faucets.chain.link/sepolia" target="_blank" > https://faucets.chain.link/sepolia</a>
  • No need for 0.001 ETH on mainnet
• ZKsync Faucets (ZKsync Sepolia):<a href="https://docs.zksync.io/zksync-era/ecosystem/network-faucets" target="_blank"> https://docs.zksync.io/zksync-era/ecosystem/network-faucets</a>
• ZKsync Bridge:<a href="https://portal.zksync.io/bridge/" target="_blank"> https://portal.zksync.io/bridge/</a>

⚠️ All code associated with this course is for demo purposes only. They have not been audited and should not be considered production ready. Please use at your own risk.

Chainlist

• Chainlist: https://chainlist.org/

Resources For This Course

• AI Frens
  • claude.ai
  • cursor IDE
  • ChatGPT
  • Phind
    • Like ChatGPT, but it searches the web
  • Gemini
  • Other AI extensions
• Github Discussions
  • Ask questions and chat about the course here!
• Stack Exchange Ethereum
  • Great place for asking technical questions about Ethereum
• Peeranha
  • Decentralized Stack Exchange!
• Cookbook
  • A smart contract registry and co-pilot

Bonus NFTs

These are 100% optional to do.

• Sepolia
• ZKsync Sepolia
• ZKsync

After every section, in this GitHub repo will be a link to a contract on Sepolia or ZKsync. They contain a challenge for you to solve, and in return, you'll be given an AWESOME NFT.

Important Notes for ZKsync

IF YOU DECIDE TO MINT THE REAL NFT:

1. We didn't audit the NFT, so if you want to make sure you'll be safe, interact with the contract using a burner wallet (a wallet with very little money that you don't use for anything else)
   1. In fact... Get good at interacting with wallets from a burner wallet
2. Read my Tweet thread on basic wallet safety
3. It might be a good idea to wait till later in the course when we teach you about verifying metamask transactions.
4. Feel free to mint NFTs on sepolia without worrying about the above

Bridging to ZKsync

1. The process for bridging looks like the following:
   1. Buy ETH (On an exchange like Coinbase or Kraken)
2. Send ETH -> one of your wallets like:
   1. Metamask
   2. Frame
   3. Rainbow
   4. Argent
   5. Coinbase Wallet
3. Use the ZKsync Bridge

Welcome to the Course Repo

Welcome to Ultimate Smart Contract Development Course!

Best Practices

• Follow the repository: While going through the course be 100% certain to follow along with the github repository. If you run into an issue check the chronological-updates in the repo.
• Be Active in the community: Ask questions and engage with other developers going through the course in the discussions tab, be sure to go and say hello or gm! This space is different from the other industries, you don't have to be secretive; communicate, network and learn with others :)
• Learn at your own pace: It doesn't matter if it takes you a day, a week, a month or even a year. Progress >>> Perfection
• Take Breaks: You will exhaust your mind and recall less if you go all out and watch the entire course in one sitting. Suggested Strategy every 25 minutes take a 5 min break, and every 2 hours take a longer 30 min break
• Refer to Documentation: Things are constantly being updated, so whenever Patrick opens up some documentation, open it on your end and maybe even have the code sample next to you.
• Use ChatGPT and/or the course chat

Course: Blockchain Basics

⭐️ Blockchain Basics Course

The Blockchain Basics has it's own GitHub repository (aka, codebase). You can find it here: https://github.com/Cyfrin/blockchain-basics-cu?tab=readme-ov-file

Solidity 101 Section 1: Simple Storage

💻 Code: https://github.com/cyfrin/remix-simple-storage-cu

Introduction

⭐️ Welcome to Remix - Simple Storage

• Remix
• Solidity Documentation

Setting Up Your First Contract

⌨️ Setting Up Your First Contract

• Versioning
• Take notes in your code!
• What is a software license
• SPDX License
• Compiling
• Contract Declaration

Basic Solidity: Types

⌨️ Basic Solidity Types

• Types & Declaring Variables
  • uint256, int256, bool, string, address, bytes32
  • Solidity Types
  • Bits and Bytes
• Default Initializations
• Comments

Basic Solidity: Functions

⌨️ Basic Solidity Functions

• Functions
• Deploying a Contract
  • Smart Contracts have addresses just like our wallets
• Calling a public state-changing Function
• Visibility
• Gas III | An example
• Scope
• View & Pure Functions

Basic Solidity: Arrays & Structs

⌨️ Basic Solidity Arrays & Structs

• Structs
• Intro to Storage
• Arrays
• Dynamic & Fixed Sized
• push array function

Basic Solidity: Compiler Errors and Warnings

⌨️ Basic Solidity Errors & Warnings

• Yellow: Warnings are Ok
• Red: Errors are not Ok

Memory, Storage, Calldata (Intro)

⌨️ Basic Solidity Memory, Storage, & Calldata (Intro)

• 6 Places you can store and access data
  • calldata
  • memory
  • storage
  • code
  • logs
  • stack

Mappings

⌨️ Basic Solidity Mappings

• Mappings

Deploying your First Contract

⌨️ Deploying your First Contract

• A testnet or mainnet
• Connecting Metamask
• Find faucets here!
• See the faucets at the top of this readme!
• Interacting with Deployed Contracts

ZKsync L2 deploy

⌨️ Deploying to ZKsync

• ZKsync compiler edition: 0.8.24

🐸🐦 Tweet Me (add your contract in)!

The EVM & A Recap of the section

⌨️ The EVM & A Recap of Section 2

• The EVM

Solidity 101 Section 1 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Solidity 101 Section 2 | Remix Storage Factory

💻 Code: https://github.com/cyfrin/remix-storage-factory-cu

Introduction

⭐️ Section 2 | Storage Factory

• Factory Pattern

Basic Solidity: Importing Contracts into other Contracts

⌨️ Importing Contracts into other Contracts

• Composability
• Solidity new keyword
• Importing Code in solidity

Basic Solidity: Interacting with other Contracts

⌨️ Interacting with other contracts

• To interact, you always need: ABI + Address
• ABI

Basic Solidity: Inheritance & Overrides

⌨️ Inheritance & Overrides

• Inheritance
• Override & Virtual Keyword

Section 2 Recap

⌨️ Section 2 Recap

Solidity 101 Section 2 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Solidity 101 Section 3: Remix Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/remix-fund-me-cu

Introduction

⭐️ Section 3 | Fund Me

Setup

⌨️ Setup

Sending ETH through a function

⌨️ Sending ETH through a function

• Ethereum Unit Converter
• Fields in a Transaction
• More on v,r,s
• payable
• msg.value & Other global keywords
• require
• revert

Reverts

⌨️ Reverts

Getting real world price data (Chainlink)

⌨️ Getting real world price data (Chainlink)

• What is a blockchain oracle?
• What is the oracle problem?
• Chainlink
• Chainlink Price Feeds (Data Feeds)
  • data.chain.link
• Chainlink VRF
• Chainlink Keepers
• Chainlink API Calls
• Importing Tokens into your Metamask
• Request and Receive Chainlink Model

Quick recap I

⌨️ Quick recap I

Interfaces

⌨️ Interfaces

• For reference - ChainLink Interface's Repo

AI Help III

⌨️ AI Help III

Importing from NPM / GitHub

⌨️ Importing from NPM / GitHub

• Chainlink NPM Package

Getting Prices from Chainlink

⌨️ Getting Prices from Chainlink

More Solidity math

⌨️ More Solidity math

• Multiply before you divide
• tuple
• Floating Point Numbers in Solidity
• Type Casting
• Gas Estimation Failed
  • Someone should make an article explaining this error

msg.sender

⌨️ msg.sender

• msg.sender
• named mappings

Quick recap II

⌨️ Quick recap II

Library

⌨️ Library

• Library
• Solidity-by-example Library

SafeMath

⌨️ SafeMath

• unchecked vs. checked

For Loop

⌨️ For Loop

• For Loop
• /* */ is another way to make comments

Resetting an array

⌨️ Resetting an array

Transfer, Send, and Call

⌨️ Transfer, Send, and Call

• Transfer, Send, Call
• this keyword

Constructor

⌨️ Constructor

• Constructor

Modifiers

⌨️ Modifiers

• Double equals
• Modifier

Testnet Demo

⌨️ Testnet Demo

• Disconnecting Metamask

Immutable & Constant

⌨️ Immutable & Constant

• Immutable
• Constant
• Current ETH Gas Prices
• Don't stress about gas optimizations! (yet)
• Naming Conventions
  • Someone make this!

Custom Errors

⌨️ Custom Errors

• Custom Errors Introduction

Receive & Fallback Functions

⌨️ Receive & Fallback Functions

• Solidity Docs Special Functions
• Fallback
• Receive

Section 3 Recap

⌨️ Section 3 Recap

Solidity 101 Section 3 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Solidity 101 Section 4: AI Prompting, Asking Questions, and Getting Help

DO NOT SKIP THIS!!

⭐️ Section 4 | AI Prompting

Intro

• Deep Learning for Python Engineers

7 Tips for this Course

• Original Video

Setting up GitHub

⌨️ Setting up GitHub

Formatting a question

⌨️ Formatting a question

• markdown

• It's a good idea to ask your AI buddy to format your questions in markdown *

SpeedRunEthereum

⌨️ SpeedRunEthereum

• Special Guest Austin

Solidity 101 Section 4 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Course: Foundry Fundamentals

Foundry Fundamentals Section 1: Foundry Simple Storage

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-simple-storage-cu

Introduction

⭐️ Foundry Simple Storage Introduction

Installation & Setup (MacOS & Linux)

⌨️ Installation & Setup (MacOS & Linux)

• Visual Studio Code
  • Crash Course
• VSCode Keybindings
• Git
• What is a terminal?

Windows Setup (WSL)

⌨️ (Windows Setup (WSL)

• Special Guest Vasiliy
• WSL
  • When working in WSL, use Linux commands instead of Windows commands
• TroubleShooting
• curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.1/install.sh | bash

⚠️ Please use Gitpod as an absolute last resort

Gitpod

⌨️ Gitpod

• Gitpod
  • If using this, NEVER share a private key with real money on Gitpod
  • Ideally you figure out the MacOS, Linux, or Windows install though

Local Development Introduction

• CMD + K or CTRL + K clears the terminal
• code . to open VSCode in a new VSCode window

Foundry Install

⌨️ Foundry Install

• https://getfoundry.sh

VSCode Setup II

⌨️ VSCode Setup II

• CoPilot
• Copilot labs
• Hardhat Solidity Extension
• VSCodium
• mkdir foundry-cu
• cd foundry-cu
• mkdir foundry-simple-storage-cu

Foundry Setup

⌨️ Foundry Setup ⌨️ Foundry Setup II (WSL)

• FreeCodeCamp Bash

Formatting Solidity in VSCode

⌨️ Formatting Solidity in VSCode

• Format your solidity code within your settings.json

    "[solidity]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "NomicFoundation.hardhat-solidity"
    },
    "[javascript]":{
      "editor.defaultFormatter": "esbenp.prettier-vscode"
    }

Compiling in Foundry

⌨️ Compiling in Foundry

Compiling to ZKsync in foundry-zksync

• foundry-zksync

Deploying to a local chain I (Anvil or Ganache)

⌨️ Deploying to a local chain I (Anvil or Ganache)

• Ganache

Adding another network to Metamask

⌨️ Adding another network to Metamask

• ETH JSON RPC

Deploying to a local chain II (Forge Create)

⌨️ Deploying to a local chain II (Forge Create)

• 2 Ways to deploy:
  • 1. forge create
  • 2. forge script

Private Key Rant I

⌨️ Private Key Rant I

• history -c

Deploying to a local chain III (Forge Script)

⌨️ Deploying to a local chain III (Forge Script)

What is a transaction (But actually)

⌨️ What is a transaction (But actually)

cast --to-base 0x01 dec

Private Key Rant II

⌨️ Private Key Rant II

• cast send
• source .env

Can you Encrypt a Private Key -> a keystore in foundry yet??

Can you Encrypt a Private Key -> a keystore in foundry yet??

• A: No Yes, try the new feature by

cast wallet import your-account-name --interactive
Enter private key:
Enter password:
`your-account-name` keystore was saved successfully. Address: address-corresponding-to-private-key

forge script <script> --rpc-url <rpc_url> --account <account_name> --sender <address> --broadcast

• The .env pledge

Never use a Env File

⌨️ Never use a Env File

Private Key Rant Summary:

Private Key Rant Summary

Summary:
When you look to deploy
with real money, you should use either:
1. A password encrypted keystore
2. Something like thirdweb deploy

The idea is you never want to have
your private key or password
ANYWHERE written in plain text
(Aka, you always want it encrypted)

• Someone fix this please

Deploying to a testnet or a mainnet

⌨️ Deploying to a testnet Sepolia

• Alchemy
• Other node as a service:
  • Quicknode
  • Infura

Verifying a contract the manual way

⌨️ Verifying a contract the manual way

• Example verified contract

Cleaning up the project

⌨️ Cleaning up the project

• forge fmt
• README.md

Foundry ZKsync

• ⌨️ Foundry ZKsync
• ⌨️ Compiling Foundry ZKsync
• ⌨️ ZKsync Local Node
• ⌨️ ZKsync Local Deploy
• ⌨️ Tx Types
• ⌨️ Why L2

Alchemy and the mempool

⌨️ Alchemy and the mempool

• Special Guest Vitto
• Alchemy

Summary

⌨️ Summary

Foundry Fundamentals Section 1 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Foundry Fundamentals Section 2: Foundry Fund Me

⭐️ Foundry Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-fund-me-cu

Introduction

⌨️ Introduction

Setup

⌨️ Setup

Testing Introduction

⌨️ Testing Introduction

Setup Continued

⌨️ Setup Continued

• Chainlink Brownie Contracts Github Repo

  forge install smartcontractkit/chainlink-brownie-contracts@0.6.1 --no-commit
  

• Dependencies
• remappings
• Chainlink Brownie Contracts

Tests

⌨️ Tests

• foundry tests
• console.log

Debugging Tests I

⌨️ Debugging Tests I

Advanced Deploy Scripts I

⌨️ Advanced Deploy Scripts I

Forked Tests

⌨️ Forked Tests

• The test option -m regex is deprecated. Please use --match-test or --mt instead.

forge test -m testPriceFeedVersionIsAccurate -vvv

is deprecated. Please use

forge test --match-test testPriceFeedVersionIsAccurate -vvv

• 4 types of testing:

1. Unit: Testing a single function
2. Integration: Testing multiple functions
3. Forked: Testing on a forked network
4. Staging: Testing on a live network (testnet or mainnet)

• forking in foundry
• forge coverage

Refactoring I: Testing Deploy Scripts

⌨️ Refactoring I: Testing Deploy Scripts

Refactoring II: Helper Config

⌨️ Refactoring II: Helper Config

• block.chainid
• Chain ID List
  • 11155111 is ETH Sepolia
  • 1 is ETH Mainnet

Refactoring III: Mocking

⌨️ Refactoring III: Mocking

• Mocking
• Chainlink Github
• Multiple Versions of Solidity

Magic Numbers

⌨️ Magic Numbers

• Style Guide
• Magic Numbers

Refactoring III: Mocking (continued)

⌨️ Refactoring III: Mocking (continued)

More Cheatcodes

⌨️ More Cheatcodes

• foundry cheatcodes
• forge std cheats
  • vm.expectRevert
  • vm.prank
  • makeAddr
  • deal

More Coverage

⌨️ More Coverage

• State tree testing
• Arrange, Act, Assert
• hoax
• uint160 -> address
• vm.startPrank

Chisel

⌨️ Chisel

• Chisel

Gas: Cheaper Withdraw

⌨️ Gas: Cheaper Withdraw

• Gas Reporter
• forge snapshot
• vm.txGasPrice
• gasLeft()
• tx.getprice

Storage

⌨️ Storage

• ** Advanced **
• Storage Layout
• Purpose of the memory keyword

cast storage

• Opcodes
• Opcodes by Gas
• Opcodes by Gas
• Append s_ to storage variables
• Append i_ to immutable variables
• Caps lock and underscore constant variables
• Chainlink Solidity Style Guide

Gas: Cheaper Withdraw (continued)

⌨️ Gas: Cheaper Withdraw (continued)

• evm.codes
• Style Guide
  • Chainlink Style Guide
• NatSpec

Interactions.s.sol

⌨️ Interactions.s.sol

• foundry devops
• Best README Template
• ffi

Makefile

⌨️ Makefile

• Install make
• Install make Ubuntu.
• Etherscan API Key

ZKsync Devops

⌨️ ZKsync Devops

Pushing to GitHub

⌨️ Pushing to GitHub

• Add these to your .gitignore
  • .env
  • lib/
  • broadcast/
• Git Docs
• GitHub docs
• Github Quickstart
• What is Git?
• The quickstart that we follow in the video
• Learn about git and GitHub

🐸🐦 Tweet Me (add your repo in)!

⌨️ (2:34:56) | Tweet Me (add your repo in)!

Section 2: Recap

⌨️ Section 2: Recap

Foundry Fundamentals Section 2 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Foundry Fundamentals Section 3: Html/Js Fund Me (Quick Fullstack / Front End Tutorial)

⭐️ Section 3: HTML Fund Me

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/html-fund-me-cu

• More in-depth Javascript & Full Stack introduction video

Introduction

Setup

⌨️ Setup

• Live Server Extension

How Metamask works with your browser

⌨️ How Metamask works with your browser

• Metamask Docs
• Ethers Docs

Introduction to function selectors

⌨️ Introduction to function selectors

• Function selector
• cast sig

Recap

⌨️ Recap

• More in-depth Javascript & Full Stack introduction video

Foundry Fundamentals Section 3 NFTs

• IPFS hash for website - ipfs://QmdCBj5B188qzXgG1LUCD6aKe6RJHqbSgu7YfPyncDirzh

Foundry Fundamentals Section 4: Foundry Smart Contract Lottery

⭐️ Section 4: Smart Contract Lottery

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-smart-contract-lottery-cu

Introduction

⌨️ Introduction

Raffle.sol Setup

⌨️ Raffle.sol Setup

• Raffle.sol Setup

Solidity Contract Layout

⌨️ Solidity Contract Layout

// Layout of Contract:
// version
// imports
// errors
// interfaces, libraries, contracts
// Type declarations
// State variables
// Events
// Modifiers
// Functions

// Layout of Functions:
// constructor
// receive function (if exists)
// fallback function (if exists)
// external
// public
// internal
// private
// internal & private view & pure functions
// external & public view & pure functions

Custom Errors

⌨️ Custom Errors

• Custom Errors in Solidity

Events

⌨️ Events

• Introduction to Events

• Events & Logging Video
• Events & Logging in Hardhat

block.timestamp

⌨️ block.timestamp

Chainlink VRF

⌨️ Chainlink VRF

• Introduction to Chainlink VRF

• Special Guest Richard

Sub-Section: Chainlink VRF

• Chainlink VRFv2 Docs
• Chainlink VRFv2 Walkthrough
• Chainlink Contracts

Implementing Chainlink VRF - Introduction

⌨️ Implementing Chainlink VRF - Introduction

• Implementing Chainlink VRF

• Get Sepolia Testnet LINK tokens
• Chainlink docs - create a random number
• Chainlink Brownie Contracts

forge install smartcontractkit/chainlink-brownie-contracts@1.1.1 --no-commit

Modulo

⌨️ Modulo

• Modulo

Enum

⌨️ Enum

Resetting an array

⌨️ Resetting an array

Note on building

⌨️ Note on building

CEI (Checks, Effects, Interactions)

⌨️ CEI (Checks, Effects, Interactions)

Introduction to Chainlink Automation

⌨️ Introduction to Chainlink Automation

• Chainlink Automation Docs
• Chainlink Automation Walkthrough

Implementing Chainlink Keepers - checkUpkeep

⌨️ Implementing Chainlink Keepers - checkUpkeep

Enums

• Enum

Implementing Chainlink Keepers - checkUpkeep continued

• block.timestamp

Custom Error

⌨️ Custom Error

Mid-Section Recap

⌨️ Mid-Section Recap

Tests & Deploy Script Setup

⌨️ Tests & Deploy Script Setup

Deploy Script

⌨️ Script Setup

Mock Chainlink VRF Coordinator

⌨️ Mock Chainlink VRF Coordinator

Tests & Deploy Script Continued

⌨️ Tests & Deploy Script Continued

Lots of Tests

⌨️ Lots of Tests

Headers

⌨️ Headers

Adding more tests.

⌨️ Adding more tests

Testing Events in Foundry

⌨️ Testing Events in Foundry

vm.roll & vm.warp

⌨️ vm.roll & vm.warp

Create Subscription Script

⌨️ Create Subscription Script

• eth signature database

Create Subscription from the UI

⌨️ Create Subscription from the UI

Fund Subscription Script

⌨️ Fund Subscription Script

• Link Token
  • Link Token Addresses
• Solmate
• Openzeppelin

Add Consumer Script

⌨️ Add Consumer Script

More Tests

⌨️ More Tests

• forge coverage --report debug

Coverage Report

⌨️ Coverage Report

PerformUpkeep Tests

⌨️ PerformUpkeep Tests

• Expecting Custom Errors

Getting Event Data into Foundry Scripts

⌨️ Getting Event Data into Foundry Scripts

• vm.recordLogs

Intro to Fuzz tests

⌨️ Intro to Fuzz tests

One Big Test

⌨️ One Big Test

Passing the private key to vm.startBroadcast

⌨️ Passing the private key to vm.startBroadcast

Integrations Test

⌨️ Integrations Test

Testnet Demo - Optional

⌨️ Testnet Demo - Optional

Console.log Debugging

⌨️ Console.log Debugging

forge test --debug

⌨️ forge test --debug

Recap

⌨️ Recap

Recommended LINK amounts for Sepolia Staging Test:

• Chainlink VRF: 2 LINK
• Chainlink Keepers: 8 LINK

Foundry Fundamentals Section 4 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

Completed Foundry Fundamentals

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

Course: Advanced Foundry

Advanced Foundry Section 1: Foundry ERC20s

⭐️ Section 1: ERC20s

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-erc20-cu

Learn how to build your own ERC20 like DAI, USDC, or WETH!

What is an ERC? What is an EIP?

• What is an EIP?
• EIPs codebase

What is an ERC20?

⌨️ What is an ERC20?

• Video (using brownie/python)
• EIP-20
• ERC-677
• EIP-777

Manually Creating an ERC20 Token

⌨️ Manually Creating an ERC20 Token

• .github

ERC20 Token - Openzeppelin

⌨️ ERC20 Token - Openzeppelin

• Openzeppelin
  • Openzeppelin Wizard
• Openzeppelin Contracts
• Solmate (Openzeppelin alternative)

Deploy Script

⌨️ Deploy Script

AI Tests

⌨️ AI Tests

• Token Approvals

Advanced Foundry Section 1 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Advanced Foundry Section 2: Foundry NFTs | MoodNFT

⭐️ Section 2: NFTs

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-nft-cu

Introduction

What is an NFT?

⌨️ What is an NFT?

• Video
• Optional: All on Chain SVG NFT
• EIP-721

Foundry Setup

⌨️ Foundry Setup

• TokenURI
• Pudgy Penguin Example

IPFS

⌨️ IPFS

• What is IPFS

Using IPFS

⌨️ Using IPFS

Basic NFT: Deploy Script

⌨️ Basic NFT: Deploy Script

Basic NFT: Tests

⌨️ Basic NFT: Tests

• Comparing strings in solidity
• chisel

Basic NFT: Interactions

⌨️ Basic NFT: Interactions

Basic NFT: Testnet Demo

⌨️ Basic NFT: Testnet Demo

The issue with IPFS & HTTPS TokenURI NFTs

⌨️ The issue with IPFS & HTTPS TokenURI NFTs

• pinata
• SVG NFT Video

What is an SVG?

⌨️ What is an SVG?

• svg
• vscode extension
• base64 encoding

SVG NFT: Introduction

⌨️ SVG NFT: Introduction

SVG NFT: Encoding the NFT

⌨️ SVG NFT: Encoding the NFT

• base64 openzeppelin

SVG NFT: Flipping the mood

⌨️ SVG NFT: Flipping the mood

SVG NFT: Deploy Script

⌨️ SVG NFT: Deploy Script

• readFile Cheat

SVG NFT: Debugging practice & some notes

⌨️ SVG NFT: Debugging practice & some notes

SVG NFT: Anvil Demo

⌨️ SVG NFT: Anvil Demo

• arweave
• filecoin
• nft.storage
• Patrick video on Filecoin

NFTS: Filecoin & Arweave

⌨️ NFTS: Filecoin & Arweave

Advanced: EVM Opcodes, Encoding, and Calling

⌨️ Advanced: EVM Opcodes, Encoding, and Calling

abi.encode & abi.encodePacked

• abi.encode
• abi.encodePacked Thanks to Alex Roan for his help on this session!
• Example Contract Creation Transaction What REALLY is the ABI?
• EVM Opcodes
• More EVM Opcodes
• Solidity Cheatsheet
• abi.encode vs abi.encodePacked

Introduction to Encoding Function Calls Directly

⌨️ Introduction to Encoding Function Calls Directly

Introduction to Encoding Function Calls Recap

⌨️ Introduction to Encoding Function Calls Recap

Encoding Function Calls Directly

⌨️ Encoding Function Calls Directly

• Function Selector
• Function Signature

Verifying Metamask Transactions

⌨️ Verifying Metamask Transactions

1. Check the address
2. Check the function selector
3. Decode the calldata

• joinfire.zxyz

Section 2 Recap

⌨️ (10:36:31) | Section 2 Recap

• ENS

Advanced Foundry Section 2 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Advanced Foundry Section 3: Foundry DeFi | Stablecoin (The PINNACLE PROJECT!! GET HERE!)

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-defi-stablecoin-cu

This is one of the top projects you can build in the blockchain space. A decentralized stablecoin! We will teach you about the differences between DAI, USDC, RAI, and other stablecoins, and allow you to build your own.

Introduction

⭐️ Section 3: DeFi Stablecoins

What is DeFi?

• What is DeFi?
• DefiLlama
• Bankless
• MEV
• Aave
• My Previous Aave Video on Shorting Assets
• DAI
• Uniswap
• Maximal Extractable Value (MEV)

Code Walkthrough

⌨️ Code Walkthrough

• What is a smart contract audit

What is a stablecoin (But actually)

⌨️ What is a stablecoin (But actually)

• Video
• MakerDAO Forums

DecentralizedStableCoin.sol

⌨️ DecentralizedStableCoin.sol

• What is a smart contract audit
• super

DSCEngine.sol Setup

⌨️ DSCEngine.sol Setup

• liquidations
• nonreentrant
  • reentrancy

Deposit Collateral

⌨️ Deposit Collateral

• Other DeFi Examples:
  • Aave V2 Docs
  • Aave NPM

Mint DSC

Getting the value of our collateral

⌨️ Getting the value of our collateral

• Aave Borrowing FAQs
• Health Factor
• Aave Risk Parameters

Health Factor

⌨️ Health Factor

• Liquidation Threshold

Minting the DSC

⌨️ Minting the DSC

Testing while developing

Deploy Script

⌨️ Deploy Script

• WETH Token Sepolia Etherscan
• WETH Token Mainnet

Tests

⌨️ Tests

depositCollateralAndMintDsc

⌨️ depositCollateralAndMintDsc

redeemCollateral

⌨️ redeemCollateral

Liquidate

Setup

⌨️ Setup

Refactoring

⌨️ Refactoring

Leveling up your testing skillz

⌨️ Leveling up your testing skillz

Challenge: Get DSCEngine.sol test coverage above 85%

Fuzz (Invariant) Testing

⌨️ Fuzz (Invariant) Testing

• Video

Open-based Fuzz tests

⌨️ Open-based Fuzz tests

Handler-based Fuzz tests

revert_on_fail = true

⌨️ revert_on_fail = true

Create the collateral redeemal handler

⌨️ Create the collateral redeemal handler

DeFi Handler Deposit Collateral

⌨️ DeFi Handler Deposit Collateral

Minting DSC

⌨️ Minting DSC

Debugging Fuzz Tests

⌨️ Debugging Fuzz Tests

• Ghost Variables

Challenge: Find out why mintDsc is never being called on our Handler.sol

Price Feed Handling

⌨️ Price Feed Handling

OracleLib

⌨️ OracleLib

Note on audit preparedness

⌨️ Note on audit preparedness

• Simple security checklist

Recap

⌨️ Recap

Lens Protocol

⌨️ Lens Protocol

• Special Guest Nader
• Lens Protocol

More DeFi Learnings:

• Defi-Minimal
• Defi Dad

Advanced Foundry Section 3 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Advanced Foundry Section 4: Foundry Merkle Airdrop and Signatures

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-merkle-airdrop-cu

Introduction to Merkle Airdrops and Code Walkthrough

⌨️ Introduction

Project Setup

⌨️ Project Setup

Merkle Proofs

⌨️ Merkle Proofs

Base Airdrop Contract

⌨️ Base Airdrop Contract

• Second preimage attack articles [1, 2]

Already Claimed Check

⌨️ Already Claimed Check

Merkle Tree Scripts

⌨️ Merkle Tree Scripts

Writing the Tests

⌨️ Writing the Tests

Deployment Script

⌨️ Deployment Script

Adding Signature Verification

⌨️ Adding Signature Verification

Signature Standards

⌨️ Signature Standards

• EIP-191
• EIP-712
• Signature standards article

ECDSA Signatures

⌨️ ECDSA Signatures

• ECDSA signatures article
• Signature Malleability - Section 4 of the Replay Attacks Article

Transaction Types Introduction

⌨️ Transaction Types Introduction

Transaction Types

⌨️ Transaction Types

• Ethereum transaction types
• ZKsync transaction types

Blob Transactions

⌨️ Blob Transactions

• Blob transactions article

• Type 113 Transactions
• Implementing Signatures
• Modifying the Tests
• Test on ZKsync (optional)
• Create Claiming Script
• Creating a Signature
• Splitting a Signature
• Executing the Anvil Script
• Deploy and Claim on ZKsync Local Node
• Deploy and Claim on ZKsync Sepolia
• Summary

Advanced Foundry Section 4 NFTs (TBD)

Advanced Foundry Section 5: Foundry Upgrades

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-upgrades-cu

Introduction

⭐️ Section 5: Upgradable Contracts & Proxies

Upgradable Smart Contracts Overview

• Optional Video

Types of Upgrades

1. Parameter
2. Social Migrate
3. Proxy
   1. Proxy Gotchas
      1. Function Collisions
      2. Storage Collisions
   2. Metamorphic Upgrades
   3. Transparent
   4. UUPS
   5. Diamond

Delegatecall

⌨️ Delegatecall

• delegatecall (solidity-by-example)
• Yul

Small Proxy Example

⌨️ Small Proxy Example

• EIP 1967

Universal Upgradable Smart Contract

Setup

⌨️ UUPS Setup

• UUPS vs Transparent
• Abstract Contracts

Deploy

⌨️ Deploy

• ERC-1967

UpgradeBox

⌨️ Upgradebox

Test/Demo

⌨️ (5:53:48) | Test/Demo

Testnet Demo

⌨️ Testnet Demo

Advanced Foundry Section 5 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Advanced Foundry Section 6: Foundry Account Abstraction

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/minimal-account-abstraction

What is account abstraction?

⌨️ Account Abstraction Introduction

• What is native account abstraction?
• How does ZKsync do account abstraction?
• What is EIP-4337?
• What are ZKsync system contracts?

Code Overview

⌨️ Code Overview

Ethereum Setup

⌨️ Etheren Account Abstraction

PackedUserOperation

⌨️ PackedUserOperation

Validate UserOp

⌨️ Validate UserOp

EntryPoint Contract

⌨️ EntryPoint Contract

Execute Function Ethereum

⌨️ Execute

Deployment Script for an Ethereum Account

⌨️ Deploy Script

Tests Owner can Execute

⌨️ Tests Owner can Execute

Unsigned PackedUserOperation Test

⌨️ Get Unsigened PackedUserOperation

Signed UserOp Test

⌨️ Signed PackedUserOperation

Using unlocked accounts for local development

⌨️ Local Dev Unlocked

Test Validation of User Ops

⌨️ Test Validate UserOps

Test Entry Point

⌨️ Test Entry Point

Advanced Debugging

⌨️ Advanced Debugging

Mid-session Recap

⌨️ Mid Session Recap

Live Demo on Arbitrum

⌨️ Live Demo

ZKsync Native Account Abstraction

⌨️ ZKsync Setup

IAccount

⌨️ IAccount

System Contracts

⌨️ System Contracts

Type 113 LifeCycle

⌨️ TxType 113 Lifecycle

Mid-ZKsync Recap

⌨️ ZKsync Accounts Recap

System Contract Call ZKsync Simulations

⌨️ ZKsync Transaction Simulations

Validate Transaction ZKsync

⌨️ ValidateTransaction

Execute Function ZKsync

⌨️ executeTransaction

Pay For Transaction ZKsync

⌨️ payForTransaction

Execute Transaction From Outside

⌨️ executeTransactionFromOutside

ZKsync Tests

⌨️ ZKsync Tests

Building a Transaction Struct

⌨️ Transaction Struct

Via Ir

⌨️ --via-ir

Validate Transaction Test

⌨️ Validate Transaction Test

Clean Up ZKsync

⌨️ Clean up

Testnet ZKsync Demo

⌨️ Testnet Demo

Rcap & End

⌨️ Recap End

Advanced Foundry Section 6 NFTs (TBD)

Advanced Foundry Section 7: Foundry DAO / Governance

Plutocracy is bad! Don't default to ERC20 token voting!!

💻 Code: https://github.com/Cyfrin/foundry-dao-cu

Introduction

⭐️ Section 14 | DAOs & Governance

• Plutocracy is bad
• DAOs are not corporations

What is a DAO?

• What is a DAO?
• Special Guest Juliette

How to build a DAO

DAOs toolings - Introduction to Aragon

⌨️ DAOs tooling - Special Guest from Aragon

Project Setup

⌨️ Build your own DAO Setup

• How to build a DAO
• That's Patrick
• PY Code
• Python Video

Governance Token

⌨️ Governance Tokens

• Openzeppelin Governance
• Compound Governance
• Contract Wizard

Governor

⌨️ Creating the Governor Contract

• CastVoteBySig

Tests

⌨️ Testing the Governor Contract

Wrap up

⌨️ Section Recap

Bonus: Gas optimization tips

• Special Guest Harrison

Advanced Foundry Section 7 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Advanced Foundry Section 8: Smart Contract Security & Auditing (For developers)

Developers 100% should know all about this! Don't leave the course without at least watching this section!

[!IMPORTANT] We highly recommend you head over to the end-to-end Cyfrin Updraft Security and Auditing Curriculum.

🖥️ Code: https://github.com/PatrickAlphaC/denver-security

Introduction

⭐️ Section 6 | Security & Auditing

• Readiness Checklist

What is a smart contract audit?

⌨️ What is a smart contract audit?

• What is a smart contract audit Cyfrin Channel Video

Tools

⌨️ What tools do security professionals use?

Manual Review

⌨️ Intro to Manual review

Static Analysis

• Slither
• 4nlyzer

Dynamic Analysis

Formal Verification

Symbolic Execution

• Manticore
• Mythril
• hevm
• Comparison

Fuzzing

• Echidna
• Foundry
• Consensys

Formal Verification (& Symbolic Execution)

• Comparisons

Other security stuff

• solcurity

What does the process of manual review look like?

⌨️ Manual Review with Tincho

• Tincho finds $100,000 ENS bug

Formal Verification

⌨️ Formal Verification

• Formal Verification & Symbolic Execution | W/ Trail Of Bits

Closing Thoughts

⌨️ Wrap. Up

• Common Attacks
• Best Practices
• Attacks
  • Oracle Attacks
• Damn Vulnerable Defi
• Ethernaut
• Top Smart Contract Auditors
• Some Smart Contract Auditors:
  • Cyfrin
  • OpenZeppelin
  • SigmaPrime
  • Trail of Bits
  • Spearbit
  • Dedaub
  • Trust
  • More

Advanced Foundry Section 8 NFTs

• ZKsync
• Sepolia

Congratulations

🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊 Completed all The Course! 🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊🎊

Where do I go now?

Learning More

• Top 10 learning resources
• Patrick Collins
• CryptoZombies
• Alchemy University
• Speed Run Ethereum
• Ethereum.org

Community

• Twitter
• Ethereum Discord
• Reddit ethdev

Hackathons

• CL Hackathon
• ETH Global
• ETH India

Be sure to check out project grant programs!

And make today an amazing day!

Disclosures

Transparency is important! So we want to disclose any potential conflicts that might have affected my judgement so you can pick tools that are right for you. Patrick is co-founder of Alpha Chain, a blockchain infrastructure company. Alpha Chain runs Chainlink, Ethereum, Binance, Polygon, Harmony, Solana, Moonbeam, and Moonriver blockchain services. Alpha Chain often works with Alchemy and receives discounted services. Patrick is the co-founder of Cyfrin, and they do smart contract security & auditing services. Patrick is also the co-founder of Chain Accel, who is an advisor on the Peeranha project.

Because of all this, I have added alternatives to each section where we suggest a tool.

Sponsors

A huge thank you to our sponsors. These are the groups and technologies

• Matter Labs (ZKsync)
• Arbitrum Foundation
• Chainlink Labs
• BadgerDAO
• Optimism RPGF Round 3

Thank you

Thanks to everyone who is taking, participating in, and working on this course. It's been a passion project and a data dump of everything I've learnt in the web3 space to get you up to speed quickly. Also, a big thank you to Cyfrin & Chain Accel for encouraging this course to come to light, and many, many, many people from the community.

And thanks to the Cyfrin team for making this possible!

License

Cyfrin Updraft content is open-sourced licensed as GPLv3.