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SphereFace+ : Improving Inter-class Feature Separability via MHE for Face Recognition

License

SphereFace+ is released under the MIT License (refer to the LICENSE file for details).

Content

Introduction
Citation
Requirements
Installation
Usage
Results
Notes
Reference
Contact

Introduction

Inspired by prior knowledge that weights of classifier represent the center of each class respectively, we propose SphereFace+ by applying Minimum Hyperspherical Energy (MHE), which can effectively enhance inter-class feature separability, to SphereFace. Our experiments verify MHE's abilities of improving inter-class feature separability and further boosting the performance of SphereFace for face recognition. Our paper is available at arXiv (SphereFace+ is described in Section 5.2 of the main paper).

As our paper stated, SphereFace+ uses a mini-batch approximation for the original MHE loss (see Section 3.6 in the paper) to reduce the computational cost of computing pair-wise similarity (i.e., kernel) among large amount of classifiers in the final output layer.

Citation

If you find SphereFace+ useful in your research, please consider to cite the following paper:

  @InProceedings{LiuNIPS18,
         title={Learning towards Minimum Hyperspherical Energy},
         author={Liu, Weiyang and Lin, Rongmei and Liu, Zhen and Liu, Lixin and Yu, Zhiding and Dai, Bo and Song, Le},
         booktitle={NIPS},
         year={2018}
  }

and the original SphereFace:

  @InProceedings{Liu2017CVPR,
         title = {SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognition},
         author = {Liu, Weiyang and Wen, Yandong and Yu, Zhiding and Li, Ming and Raj, Bhiksha and Song, Le},
         booktitle = {CVPR},
         year = {2017}
  }

Requirements

Requirements for CUDA 8.0 for Linux
Requirements for cuDNN v6.0 (April 27, 2017), for CUDA 8.0 (Important!!!)
Requirements for Matlab
Requirements for Caffe and matcaffe (see: Caffe installation instructions)
Requirements for MTCNN (see: MTCNN - face detection & alignment) and Pdollar toolbox (see: Piotr's Image & Video Matlab Toolbox).

Attension: If you used other CUDA or cuDNN versions, the training process would fail frequently.

Installation

Clone recursively the SphereFace-Plus repository. We'll call the directory that you cloned SphereFace-Plus as SPHEREFACE_PLUS_ROOT. The installation basically follows SphereFace.

Build Caffe and matcaffe

cd $SPHEREFACE_PLUS_ROOT/tools/caffe-sphereface
# Now follow the Caffe installation instructions here:
# http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html
make all -j8 && make matcaffe

If you have any questions about installation caffe with cudnn 6.0, try to refer to caffe issue #1325.

Usage

After successfully completing the installation, you are ready to run all the following experiments.

Part 1: Preprocessing

the same as SphereFace preprocessing

Note: In this part, we assume you are in the directory $SPHEREFACE_PLUS_ROOT/preprocess/

Download the training set (CASIA-WebFace) and test set (LFW) and place them in data/.
```
mv /your_path/CASIA_WebFace  data/
./code/get_lfw.sh
tar xvf data/lfw.tgz -C data/
```
Please make sure that the directory of data/ contains two datasets.
Detect faces and facial landmarks in CAISA-WebFace and LFW datasets using MTCNN (see: MTCNN - face detection & alignment).
```
# In Matlab Command Window
run code/face_detect_demo.m
```
This will create a file dataList.mat in the directory of result/.
Align faces to a canonical pose using similarity transformation.
```
# In Matlab Command Window
run code/face_align_demo.m
```
This will create two folders (CASIA-WebFace-112X96/ and lfw-112X96/) in the directory of result/, containing the aligned face images.

Part 2: Train

Note: In this part, we assume you are in the directory $SPHEREFACE_PLUS_ROOT/train/

Get a list of training images and labels.
```
mv ../preprocess/result/CASIA-WebFace-112X96 data/
# In Matlab Command Window
run code/get_list.m
```
The aligned face images in folder **CASIA-WebFace-112X96/** are moved from preprocess folder to train folder. A list CASIA-WebFace-112X96.txt is created in the directory of data/ for the subsequent training.
Get pretrained models from Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk.

Download all pretrained models from Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk. And move them into $SPHEREFACE_PLUS_ROOT/train/pretrained_model/. We initialize our network with such pretrained models for computing inter class distances better.

Pretrained Models Single Double Triple Quadruple
ACC 96.22% 98.87% 98.93% 99.27%
Train the sphereface model.
1. For m = 4
```
bash train_sfplus.sh
```
  We use 2 GPUs to run training. If you want to use only one GPU, please set iter_size = 2 in code/sfplus/sfplus_solver.prototxt and change train_sfplus.sh manually. After training, a model sfplus_model_iter_8000.caffemodel and a corresponding log file sfplus_train.log are placed in the directory of result/.
2. For m = 1
```
bash train_m_single.sh
```
3. For m = 2
```
bash train_m_double.sh
```
4. For m = 3
```
bash train_m_triple.sh
```

Pretrained Models	Single	Double	Triple	Quadruple
ACC	96.22%	98.87%	98.93%	99.27%

See more traing detail in Training Notes

Part 3: Test

Note: In this part, we assume you are in the directory $SPHEREFACE_PLUS_ROOT/test/

Get the pair list of LFW (view 2).
```
mv ../preprocess/result/lfw-112X96 data/
./code/get_pairs.sh
```
Make sure that the LFW dataset andpairs.txt in the directory of data/
Extract deep features and test on LFW.
```
matlab -nodisplay -nodesktop -r evaluation
```
Finally we get the accuracy on LFW.

Attention: You can also test sfplus_model_iter_7000.caffemodel by changing test/code/evaluation.m.

Results

m = 4
- For m = 4, we go through the entire pipeline for 10 times. The accuracies on LFW are shown below. And we release model #7.
  
  Experiment #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7(released) #8 #9 #10
  ACC 99.23% 99.30% 99.25% 99.28% 99.20% 99.27% 99.35% 99.18% 99.33% 99.28%
- Released Training Log & Model File Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk
m = 1
- For m = 1, we go through the entire pipeline for 5 times. The accuracies on LFW are shown below. And we release model #3.
  
  Experiment #1 #2 #3(released) #4 #5
  ACC 97.48% 97.32% 97.48% 97.18% 97.53%
- Released Training Log & Model File Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk
m = 2
- For m = 2, we go through the entire pipeline for 8 times. The accuracies on LFW are shown below. And we release model #3.
  
  Experiment #1 #2 #3(released) #4 #5 #6 #7 #8
  ACC 98.95% 98.98% 99.05% 99.08% 98.90% 99.02% 99.05% 98.83%
- Released Training Log & Model File Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk
m = 3
- For m = 3, we go through the entire pipeline for 8 times. The accuracies on LFW are shown below. And we release model #5.
  
  Experiment #1 #2 #3 #4 #5(released) #6 #7 #8
  ACC 98.93% 99.05% 99.08% 99.05% 99.08% 98.90% 99.13% 99.00%
- Released Training Log & Model File Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk

Experiment	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5	#6	#7(released)	#8	#9	#10
ACC	99.23%	99.30%	99.25%	99.28%	99.20%	99.27%	99.35%	99.18%	99.33%	99.28%

Experiment	#1	#2	#3(released)	#4	#5
ACC	97.48%	97.32%	97.48%	97.18%	97.53%

Experiment	#1	#2	#3(released)	#4	#5	#6	#7	#8
ACC	98.95%	98.98%	99.05%	99.08%	98.90%	99.02%	99.05%	98.83%

Experiment	#1	#2	#3	#4	#5(released)	#6	#7	#8
ACC	98.93%	99.05%	99.08%	99.05%	99.08%	98.90%	99.13%	99.00%

All models can find in Google Drive | BaiduYunDisk

Notes

Pretraining is a very effective way to avoid training difficulty.

As one can learn from our implementation, we use the pretrained model from the original SphereFace, and finetune the SphereFace model using the new loss of SphereFace+. It can effectively reduce the training difficulty of the new loss and improve the results consistently.
Finetuning the CASIA-pretrained model on new datasets could potentially stablize the training difficulty.

When you are using our model for some new datasets, you can also consider finetuning the CASIA-trained models on the new datasets.

Reference

Contact

Lixin Liu and Weiyang Liu

Questions can also be left as issues in the repository. We will be happy to answer them.