Awesome

EVM Opcodes

Opcode costs are drawn from the Yellow Paper, the Jello Paper, and the geth implementation. This is intended to be an accessible reference, but it is informal and does not address opcode semantics. If you want to be certain of correctness and aware of every edge case, I would suggest using the Jello Paper or a client implementation. If you are looking for an informal reference with more information about opcode semantics, try evm.codes.

For operations with dynamic gas costs, see gas.md.

Notation

a, b => a + b indicates that the ADD opcode takes two items off the stack (a and b) and places the sum of these two values on the stack. The leftmost item (a) is the top of the stack.
All stack descriptions elide subsequent items that may be on the stack. It can be assumed that unspecified stack elements do not influence the semantics of an operation, except when a stack overflow would result.
The maximum stack size is 1024 items, and all stack items are 32 bytes.
a // b indicates flooring division. The result of division by 0 in the EVM is 0.
All arithmetic operations are modulo 2**256.
Including the designated INVALID opcode, the EVM currently implements 141 opcodes, 65 of which are duplicates indicating the number of operands (PUSHn, DUPn, SWAPn, LOGn).

Hex	Name	Gas	Stack	Mem / Storage	Notes
			top, bottom
00	STOP	0
01	ADD	3	`a, b` => `a + b`		(u)int256 addition modulo 2**256
02	MUL	5	`a, b` => `a * b`		(u)int256 multiplication modulo 2**256
03	SUB	3	`a, b` => `a - b`		(u)int256 addition modulo 2**256
04	DIV	5	`a, b` => `a // b`		uint256 division
05	SDIV	5	`a, b` => `a // b`		int256 division
06	MOD	5	`a, b` => `a % b`		uint256 modulus
07	SMOD	5	`a, b` => `a % b`		int256 modulus
08	ADDMOD	8	`a, b, N` => `(a + b) % N`		(u)int256 addition modulo N
09	MULMOD	8	`a, b, N` => `(a * b) % N`		(u)int256 multiplication modulo N
0A	EXP	A1	`a, b` => `a ** b`		uint256 exponentiation modulo 2**256
0B	SIGNEXTEND	5	`b, x` => `SIGNEXTEND(x, b)`		sign extend `x` from `(b+1)` bytes to 32 bytes
0C-0F	invalid
10	LT	3	`a, b` => `a < b`		uint256 less-than
11	GT	3	`a, b` => `a > b`		uint256 greater-than
12	SLT	3	`a, b` => `a < b`		int256 less-than
13	SGT	3	`a, b` => `a > b`		int256 greater-than
14	EQ	3	`a, b` => `a == b`		(u)int256 equality
15	ISZERO	3	`a` => `a == 0`		(u)int256 iszero
16	AND	3	`a, b` => `a && b`		bitwise AND
17	OR	3	`a, b` => `a \|\| b`		bitwise OR
18	XOR	3	`a, b` => `a ^ b`		bitwise XOR
19	NOT	3	`a` => `~a`		bitwise NOT
1A	BYTE	3	`i, x` => `(x >> (248 - i * 8)) && 0xFF`		`i`th byte of (u)int256 `x`, from the left
1B	SHL	3	`shift, val` => `val << shift`		shift left
1C	SHR	3	`shift, val` => `val >> shift`		logical shift right
1D	SAR	3	`shift, val` => `val >> shift`		arithmetic shift right
1E-1F	invalid
20	SHA3	A2	`ost, len` => `keccak256(mem[ost:ost+len])`		keccak256
21-2F	invalid
30	ADDRESS	2	`.` => `address(this)`		address of executing contract
31	BALANCE	A5	`addr` => `addr.balance`		balance, in wei
32	ORIGIN	2	`.` => `tx.origin`		address that originated the tx
33	CALLER	2	`.` => `msg.sender`		address of msg sender
34	CALLVALUE	2	`.` => `msg.value`		msg value, in wei
35	CALLDATALOAD	3	`idx` => `msg.data[idx:idx+32]`		read word from msg data at index `idx`
36	CALLDATASIZE	2	`.` => `len(msg.data)`		length of msg data, in bytes
37	CALLDATACOPY	A3	`dstOst, ost, len` => `.`	mem[dstOst:dstOst+len] := msg.data[ost:ost+len	copy msg data
38	CODESIZE	2	`.` => `len(this.code)`		length of executing contract's code, in bytes
39	CODECOPY	A3	`dstOst, ost, len` => `.`		mem[dstOst:dstOst+len] := this.code[ost:ost+len]
3A	GASPRICE	2	`.` => `tx.gasprice`		gas price of tx, in wei per unit gas **
3B	EXTCODESIZE	A5	`addr` => `len(addr.code)`		size of code at addr, in bytes
3C	EXTCODECOPY	A4	`addr, dstOst, ost, len` => `.`	mem[dstOst:dstOst+len] := addr.code[ost:ost+len]	copy code from `addr`
3D	RETURNDATASIZE	2	`.` => `size`		size of returned data from last external call, in bytes
3E	RETURNDATACOPY	A3	`dstOst, ost, len` => `.`	mem[dstOst:dstOst+len] := returndata[ost:ost+len]	copy returned data from last external call
3F	EXTCODEHASH	A5	`addr` => `hash`		hash = addr.exists ? keccak256(addr.code) : 0
40	BLOCKHASH	20	`blockNum` => `blockHash(blockNum)`
41	COINBASE	2	`.` => `block.coinbase`		address of miner of current block
42	TIMESTAMP	2	`.` => `block.timestamp`		timestamp of current block
43	NUMBER	2	`.` => `block.number`		number of current block
44	DIFFICULTY	2	`.` => `block.difficulty`		difficulty of current block
45	GASLIMIT	2	`.` => `block.gaslimit`		gas limit of current block
46	CHAINID	2	`.` => `chain_id`		push current chain id onto stack
47	SELFBALANCE	5	`.` => `address(this).balance`		balance of executing contract, in wei
48	BASEFEE	2	`.` => `block.basefee`		base fee of current block
49-4F	invalid
50	POP	2	`_anon` => `.`		remove item from top of stack and discard it
51	MLOAD	3*	`ost` => `mem[ost:ost+32]`		read word from memory at offset `ost`
52	MSTORE	3*	`ost, val` => `.`	mem[ost:ost+32] := val	write a word to memory
53	MSTORE8	3*	`ost, val` => `.`	mem[ost] := val && 0xFF	write a single byte to memory
54	SLOAD	A6	`key` => `storage[key]`		read word from storage
55	SSTORE	A7	`key, val` => `.`	storage[key] := val	write word to storage
56	JUMP	8	`dst` => `.`		`$pc := dst`
57	JUMPI	10	`dst, condition` => `.`		`$pc := condition ? dst : $pc + 1`
58	PC	2	`.` => `$pc`		program counter
59	MSIZE	2	`.` => `len(mem)`		size of memory in current execution context, in bytes
5A	GAS	2	`.` => `gasRemaining`
5B	JUMPDEST	1			mark valid jump destination
5C-5F	invalid
60	PUSH1	3	`.` => `uint8`		push 1-byte value onto stack
61	PUSH2	3	`.` => `uint16`		push 2-byte value onto stack
62	PUSH3	3	`.` => `uint24`		push 3-byte value onto stack
63	PUSH4	3	`.` => `uint32`		push 4-byte value onto stack
64	PUSH5	3	`.` => `uint40`		push 5-byte value onto stack
65	PUSH6	3	`.` => `uint48`		push 6-byte value onto stack
66	PUSH7	3	`.` => `uint56`		push 7-byte value onto stack
67	PUSH8	3	`.` => `uint64`		push 8-byte value onto stack
68	PUSH9	3	`.` => `uint72`		push 9-byte value onto stack
69	PUSH10	3	`.` => `uint80`		push 10-byte value onto stack
6A	PUSH11	3	`.` => `uint88`		push 11-byte value onto stack
6B	PUSH12	3	`.` => `uint96`		push 12-byte value onto stack
6C	PUSH13	3	`.` => `uint104`		push 13-byte value onto stack
6D	PUSH14	3	`.` => `uint112`		push 14-byte value onto stack
6E	PUSH15	3	`.` => `uint120`		push 15-byte value onto stack
6F	PUSH16	3	`.` => `uint128`		push 16-byte value onto stack
70	PUSH17	3	`.` => `uint136`		push 17-byte value onto stack
71	PUSH18	3	`.` => `uint144`		push 18-byte value onto stack
72	PUSH19	3	`.` => `uint152`		push 19-byte value onto stack
73	PUSH20	3	`.` => `uint160`		push 20-byte value onto stack
74	PUSH21	3	`.` => `uint168`		push 21-byte value onto stack
75	PUSH22	3	`.` => `uint176`		push 22-byte value onto stack
76	PUSH23	3	`.` => `uint184`		push 23-byte value onto stack
77	PUSH24	3	`.` => `uint192`		push 24-byte value onto stack
78	PUSH25	3	`.` => `uint200`		push 25-byte value onto stack
79	PUSH26	3	`.` => `uint208`		push 26-byte value onto stack
7A	PUSH27	3	`.` => `uint216`		push 27-byte value onto stack
7B	PUSH28	3	`.` => `uint224`		push 28-byte value onto stack
7C	PUSH29	3	`.` => `uint232`		push 29-byte value onto stack
7D	PUSH30	3	`.` => `uint240`		push 30-byte value onto stack
7E	PUSH31	3	`.` => `uint248`		push 31-byte value onto stack
7F	PUSH32	3	`.` => `uint256`		push 32-byte value onto stack
80	DUP1	3	`a` => `a, a`		clone 1st value on stack
81	DUP2	3	`_, a` => `a, _, a`		clone 2nd value on stack
82	DUP3	3	`_, _, a` => `a, _, _, a`		clone 3rd value on stack
83	DUP4	3	`_, _, _, a` => `a, _, _, _, a`		clone 4th value on stack
84	DUP5	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 5th value on stack
85	DUP6	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 6th value on stack
86	DUP7	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 7th value on stack
87	DUP8	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 8th value on stack
88	DUP9	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 9th value on stack
89	DUP10	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 10th value on stack
8A	DUP11	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 11th value on stack
8B	DUP12	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 12th value on stack
8C	DUP13	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 13th value on stack
8D	DUP14	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 14th value on stack
8E	DUP15	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 15th value on stack
8F	DUP16	3	`..., a` => `a, ..., a`		clone 16th value on stack
90	SWAP1	3	`a, b` => `b, a`
91	SWAP2	3	`a, _, b` => `b, _, a`
92	SWAP3	3	`a, _, _, b` => `b, _, _, a`
93	SWAP4	3	`a, _, _, _, b` => `b, _, _, _, a`
94	SWAP5	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
95	SWAP6	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
96	SWAP7	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
97	SWAP8	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
98	SWAP9	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
99	SWAP10	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
9A	SWAP11	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
9B	SWAP12	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
9C	SWAP13	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
9D	SWAP14	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
9E	SWAP15	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
9F	SWAP16	3	`a, ..., b` => `b, ..., a`
A0	LOG0	A8	`ost, len` => `.`		LOG0(memory[ost:ost+len])
A1	LOG1	A8	`ost, len, topic0` => `.`		LOG1(memory[ost:ost+len], topic0)
A2	LOG2	A8	`ost, len, topic0, topic1` => `.`		LOG1(memory[ost:ost+len], topic0, topic1)
A3	LOG3	A8	`ost, len, topic0, topic1, topic2` => `.`		LOG1(memory[ost:ost+len], topic0, topic1, topic2)
A4	LOG4	A8	`ost, len, topic0, topic1, topic2, topic3` => `.`		LOG1(memory[ost:ost+len], topic0, topic1, topic2, topic3)
A5-EF	invalid
F0	CREATE	A9	`val, ost, len` => `addr`		addr = keccak256(rlp_encode([address(this), this.nonce]))
F1	CALL	AA	<code>gas, addr, val, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen</code> => `success`	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen] := returndata
F2	CALLCODE	AA	`gas, addr, val, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen` => `success`	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen] = returndata	same as DELEGATECALL, but does not propagate original msg.sender and msg.value
F3	RETURN	0*	`ost, len` => `.`		return mem[ost:ost+len]
F4	DELEGATECALL	AA	`gas, addr, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen`<br>=> `success`	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen] := returndata
F5	CREATE2	A9	`val, ost, len, salt` => `addr`		addr = keccak256(0xff ++ address(this) ++ salt ++ keccak256(mem[ost:ost+len]))[12:]
F6-F9	invalid
FA	STATICCALL	AA	`gas, addr, argOst, argLen, retOst, retLen` => `success`	mem[retOst:retOst+retLen] := returndata
FB-FC	invalid
FD	REVERT	0*	`ost, len` => `.`		revert(mem[ost:ost+len])
FE	INVALID	AF			designated invalid opcode - EIP-141
FF	SELFDESTRUCT	AB	`addr` => `.`