Awesome
Readsb
This is a detached fork of https://github.com/Mictronics/readsb
It's continually under development, expect bugs, segfaults and all the good stuff :)
NO WARRANTY
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" see the LICENSE file for details
how to install / build
I'd recommend this script to automatically install it:
Or build the package yourself:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y \
git build-essential debhelper libusb-1.0-0-dev \
librtlsdr-dev librtlsdr0 pkg-config fakeroot \
libncurses-dev zlib1g-dev zlib1g libzstd-dev libzstd1
git clone --depth 20 https://github.com/wiedehopf/readsb.git
cd readsb
export DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS=noddebs
dpkg-buildpackage -b -Prtlsdr -ui -uc -us
sudo dpkg -i ../readsb_*.deb
Or check here for more build instructions and other useful stuff:
- https://github.com/wiedehopf/adsb-wiki/wiki/Building-readsb-from-source
- https://github.com/wiedehopf/adsb-wiki/wiki/Raspbian-Lite:-ADS-B-receiver
aircraft.json format:
Push server support
readsb connects to a listening server.
Sending beast data (beast_out):
--net-connector 192.168.2.22,30004,beast_out
Receiving beast data (beast_in);
--net-connector 192.168.2.28,30005,beast_in
BeastReduce output
Selectively forwards beast messages if the received data hasn't been forwarded in the last 125 ms (or --net-beast-reduce-interval).
Data not related to the physical aircraft state are only forwarded every 500 ms (4 * --net-beast-reduce-interval).The messages of
this output are normal beast messages and compatible with every program able to receive beast messages.
This is used by some aggregators to aggregate ADS-B data, an example net connector would be:
--net-connector=feed.airplanes.live,30004,beast_reduce_plus_out,uuid=0033062d-e17e-4389-91a9-79ebb967fb4c
The uuid is optional, if none is given, the uuid from --uuid-file is used, if that isn't present no uuid is sent. The beast_reduce_out net-connector will never send an uuid. The aggregator enables --net-receiver-id and --net-ingest on their readsb server, it's made to work with beast_reduce_plus_out.
Debian package
- Build package with no additional receiver library dependencies:
dpkg-buildpackage -b. - Build with RTLSDR support:
dpkg-buildpackage -b --build-profiles=rtlsdr
Building manually
You can probably just run "make". By default "make" builds with no specific library support. See below. Binaries are built in the source directory; you will need to arrange to install them (and a method for starting them) yourself.
"make RTLSDR=yes" will enable rtl-sdr support and add the dependency on librtlsdr.
On Raspbian 32 bit, mostly rpi2 and older you might want to use this to compile if you're running into CPU issues:
make AIRCRAFT_HASH_BITS=11 RTLSDR=yes OPTIMIZE="-Ofast -mcpu=arm1176jzf-s -mfpu=vfp"
In general if you want to save on CPU cycles, you can try building with these options:
make AIRCRAFT_HASH_BITS=11 RTLSDR=yes OPTIMIZE="-O3 -march=native"
Or even more aggressive but could cause unexpected behaviour:
make AIRCRAFT_HASH_BITS=11 RTLSDR=yes OPTIMIZE="-Ofast -march=native"
The difference of using -Ofast or -O3 over the default of -O2 is likely very minimal. -march=native also usually makes little difference but it might, so it's worth a try.
Configuration
If required, edit /etc/default/readsb to set the service options, device type, network ports etc.
Autogain
For rtl-sdr devices a software gain algorithm is the default, it's optimized for ADS-B.
On the command line it's activated using --gain=auto an is silent by default.
--gain=auto-verbose can be used to enable log messages for gain changes.
To tweak the internals, more parameters can be passed:
--gain=auto-verbose,<lowestGain>,<noiseLowThreshold>,<noiseHighThreshold>,<loudThreshold>
The defaults are:
--gain=auto-verbose,0,25,31,243
The thresholds are numbers 0 to 256, tweaking them requires some understanding of how it works. One option would be to change the noise thresholds up or down and then observe the log. There should be no need to tweak these parameters.
rtl-sdr bias tee
Use this utility independent of readsb: https://github.com/wiedehopf/adsb-wiki/wiki/RTL-Bias-Tee
Global map of aircraft
One of this forks main uses is to be the backend of a global map. For that purpose it's used in conjunction with tar1090 with some extra options to cope with the number of aircraft and also record a history of flight paths: https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090#0800-destroy-sd-card
Websites using this software:
- https://adsb.lol/
- https://globe.airplanes.live/
- https://globe.adsb.fi/
- https://globe.adsbexchange.com/
Projects that use or have used data generated by this software:
- https://gpsjam.org/
- https://adsb.exposed/
- https://tech.marksblogg.com/global-flight-tracking-adsb.html
--debug=S: speed check debugging output
For current reference please see the speed_check function.
hex
SQ means same quality (ADS-B vs MLAT and stuff) LQ means lower quality
fail / ok ok means speed check passed (displayed only with cpr-focus)
A means airborne and S means surface.
reliable is my reliability counter every good position increases each aircrafts position reliability, if it gets to zero, speed check is no longer applied and it's allowed to "JUMP", "JUMP" is also allowed if we haven't had a position for 2 minutes.
tD is the trackDifference 170 or 180 means the new position goes in the opposite direction of the ground track broadcast by the aircraft.
then we have actual distance / allowed distance. the allowed distance i tweak depending on the trackDifference high trackDifference makes the allowed distance go slightly negative as i don't want aircraft to jump backwards.
elapsed time
actual / allowed speed (allowed speed based on allowed distance)
old --> new lat, lon -> lat, lon
oh if you want that display: --debug=S you'll have to update, just disabled the MLAT speed check from displayign stuff ... because usually it's not interesting
readsb --help
might be out of date, check the command on a freshly compiled version
Usage: readsb [OPTION...]
readsb Mode-S/ADSB/TIS Receiver
Build options:
General options:
--cpr-focus=<hex> show CPR details for this hex
--db-file=<file.csv.gz> Default: "none" (as of writing a compatible
file is available here:
https://github.com/wiedehopf/tar1090-db/tree/csv)
--db-file-lt Write long type to aircraft.json as field desc
--debug=<flags> Debug mode (verbose), n: network, P: CPR, S: speed
check
--device-type=<type> Select SDR type
--filter-DF=<type> When displaying decoded ModeS messages on stdout
only show this DF type
--fix Enable CRC single-bit error correction (default)
--forward-mlat Allow forwarding of received mlat results to
output ports
--freq=<hz> Set frequency (default: 1090 MHz)
--gain=<db> Set gain (default: max gain. Use -10 for
auto-gain)
--gnss Show altitudes as GNSS when available
--heatmap=<interval in seconds>
Make Heatmap, each aircraft at most every interval
seconds (creates historydir/heatmap.bin and exit
after that)
--heatmap-dir=<dir> Change the directory where heatmaps are saved
(default is in globe history dir)
--interactive Interactive mode refreshing data on screen.
Implies --throttle
--interactive-ttl=<sec> Remove from list if idle for <sec> (default:
60)
--jaero-timeout=<n> How long in minutes JAERO positions remain valid
and on the map in tar1090 (default:33)
--json-location-accuracy=<n>
Accuracy of receiver location in json metadata:
0=no location, 1=approximate, 2=exact
--json-reliable=<n> Minimum position reliability to put it into json
(default: 1, globe options will default set this
to 2, disable speed filter: -1, max: 4)
--json-trace-hist-only=1,2,3,8
Don't write recent(1), full(2), either(3) traces
to /run, only archive via write-globe-history (8:
irregularly write limited traces to run, subject
to change)
--json-trace-interval=<seconds>
Interval after which a new position will
guaranteed to be written to the trace and the json
position output (default: 30)
--lat=<lat> Reference/receiver surface latitude
--leg-focus=<hex> show leg marking details for this hex
--lon=<lon> Reference/receiver surface longitude
--max-range=<dist> Absolute maximum range for position decoding (in
nm, default: 300)
--metric Use metric units
--mlat Display raw messages in Beast ASCII mode
--modeac Enable decoding of SSR Modes 3/A & 3/C
--modeac-auto Enable Mode A/C if requested by a Beast
connection
--no-fix Disable CRC single-bit error correction
--no-fix-df Disable CRC single-bit error correction on the DF
type to produce more DF17 messages (disabling
reduces CPU usage)
--no-interactive Disable interactive mode, print to stdout
--onlyaddr Show only ICAO addresses
--position-persistence=<n> Position persistence against outliers
(default: 4), incremented by json-reliable minus
1
--preamble-threshold=<40-400>
lower threshold --> more CPU usage (default: 58,
pi zero / pi 1: 75, hot CPU 42)
--quiet Disable output (default)
--range-outline-hours=<hours>
Make the range outline retain data for the last X
hours (float, default: 24.0)
--raw Show only messages hex values
--receiver-focus=<receiverId>
only process messages from receiverId
--show-only=<addr> Show only messages by given ICAO on stdout
--snip=<level> Strip IQ file removing samples < level
--stats With --ifile print stats at exit. No other output
--stats-every=<sec> Show and reset stats every <sec> seconds
--stats-range Collect/show range histogram
--trace-focus=<hex> show traceAdd details for this hex
--write-globe-history=<dir>
Extended Globe History
--write-json=<dir> Periodically write json output to <dir>
--write-json-binCraft-only=<n>
Use only binary binCraft format for globe files
(1), for aircraft.json as well (2)
--write-json-every=<sec> Write json output and update API json every
sec seconds (default 1)
--write-json-globe-index Write specially indexed globe_xxxx.json files
(for tar1090)
--write-json-gzip Write aircraft.json also as aircraft.json.gz
--write-prom=<filepath> Periodically write prometheus output to
<filepath>
--write-receiver-id-json Write receivers.json
--write-state=<dir> Write state to disk to have traces and outline
after a restart
--write-state-only-on-exit Don't continously update state.
Network options:
--net Enable networking
--net-api-port=<port> TCP API listen port (in contrast to other
listeners, only a single port is allowed) (update
frequency controlled by write-json-every
parameter) (default: 0)
--net-beast-reduce-filter-alt=<pressure altitude in ft>
beast-reduce: remove aircraft which are above
altitude
--net-beast-reduce-filter-dist=<distance in nmi>
beast-reduce: remove aircraft which are further
than distance from the receiver
--net-beast-reduce-interval=<seconds>
BeastReduce position update interval, longer means
less data (default: 0.125, valid range: 0.000 -
14.999)
--net-beast-reduce-out-port=<ports>
TCP BeastReduce output listen ports (default: 0)
--net-bi-port=<ports> TCP Beast input listen ports (default: 0)
--net-bind-address=<ip> IP address to bind to (default: Any; Use
127.0.0.1 for private)
--net-bo-port=<ports> TCP Beast output listen ports (default: 0)
--net-buffer=<n> TCP buffer size 64Kb * (2^n) (default: n=2, 256Kb)
--net-connector=<ip,port,protocol>
Establish connection, can be specified multiple
times (e.g. 127.0.0.1,23004,beast_out) Protocols:
beast_out, beast_in, raw_out, raw_in, sbs_in,
sbs_in_jaero, sbs_out, sbs_out_jaero, sbs_out_prio
vrs_out, json_out, asterix_out, asterix_in,
gpsd_in (one failover ip/address,port can be specified:
primary-address,primary-port,protocol,failover-address,failover-port)
--net-connector-delay=<seconds>
Outbound re-connection delay (default: 30)
--net-garbage=<ports> timeout receivers, output messages from timed out
receivers as beast on <ports>
--net-heartbeat=<rate> TCP heartbeat rate in seconds (default: 60 sec; 0
to disable)
--net-ingest primary ingest node
--net-json-port=<ports> TCP json position output listen ports, sends
one line with a json object containing aircraft
details for every position received (default: 0)
--net-json-port-include-noposition
TCP json position output: include aircraft without
position (state is sent for aircraft for every
DF11 with CRC if the aircraft hasn't sent a
position in the last 10 seconds and interval
allowing)
--net-json-port-interval=<seconds>
Set minimum interval between outputs per aircraft
for TCP json output, default: 0.0 (every
position)
--net-only Enable just networking, no RTL device or file
used
--net-receiver-id forward receiver ID
--net-ri-port=<ports> TCP raw input listen ports (default: 0)
--net-ro-interval=<rate> TCP output flush interval in seconds (maximum
interval between two network writes of accumulated
data)(default: 0.05, valid values 0.005 - 1.0)
--net-ro-port=<ports> TCP raw output listen ports (default: 0)
--net-ro-size=<size> TCP output flush size (maximum amount of
internally buffered data before writing to
network) (default: 1200)
--net-sbs-in-port=<ports> TCP BaseStation input listen ports (default:
0)
--net-sbs-jaero-in-port=<ports>
TCP SBS Jaero input listen ports (default: 0)
--net-sbs-jaero-port=<ports>
TCP SBS Jaero output listen ports (default: 0)
--net-sbs-port=<ports> TCP BaseStation output listen ports (default: 0)
--net-sbs-reduce Apply beast reduce logic and interval to SBS
outputs
--net-ao-port=<ports> TCP ASTERIX output listen ports (default: 0)
--net-ai-port=<ports> TCP ASTERIX input listen ports (default: 0)
--net-asterix-reduce Apply beast reduce logic and interval to ASTERIX
outputs
--net-verbatim Forward messages unchanged
--net-vrs-interval=<seconds>
TCP VRS json output interval (default: 5.0)
--net-vrs-port=<ports> TCP VRS json output listen ports (default: 0)
--uuid-file=<path> path to UUID file
Modes-S Beast options, use with --device-type modesbeast:
--beast-baudrate=<baud> Override Baudrate (default rate 3000000 baud)
--beast-crc-off Turn OFF CRC checking
--beast-df045-on Turn ON DF0/4/5 filter
--beast-df1117-on Turn ON DF11/17-only filter
--beast-fec-off Turn OFF forward error correction
--beast-mlat-off Turn OFF MLAT time stamps
--beast-modeac Turn ON mode A/C
--beast-serial=<path> Path to Beast serial device (default
/dev/ttyUSB0)
GNS HULC options, use with --device-type gnshulc:
--beast-serial=<path> Path to GNS HULC serial device (default
/dev/ttyUSB0)
ifile-specific options, use with --ifile:
--ifile=<path> Read samples from given file ('-' for stdin)
--iformat=<type> Set sample format (UC8, SC16, SC16Q11)
--throttle Process samples at the original capture speed
Help options:
-?, --help Give this help list
--usage Give a short usage message
-V, --version Print program version