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Twilio Voice Quickstart for Android

NOTE: This sample application uses the Programmable Voice Android 6.x APIs. If you are using prior versions of the SDK, we highly recommend planning your migration to the latest version as soon as possible.

Get started with Voice on Android

• Quickstart - Run the quickstart app
• Examples - Customize your voice experience with these examples

References

• Access Tokens - Using access tokens
• Managing Push Credentials - Managing Push Credentials
• Managing Regional Push Credentials using Conversations Credential Resource API - Create or update push credentials for regional usage
• Troubleshooting - Troubleshooting
• More Documentation - More documentation related to the Voice Android SDK
• Emulator Support - Android emulator support
• Reducing APK Size - Use ABI splits to reduce APK size
• Twilio Helper Libraries - TwiML quickstarts.
• Issues & Support - Filing issues and general support

Voice Android SDK Versions

• Migration Guide 4.x to 5.x - Migrating from 4.x to 5.x
• New Features 4.0 - New features in 4.0
• Migration Guide 3.x to 4.x - Migrating from 3.x to 4.x
• New Features 3.0 - New features in 3.0
• Migration Guide 2.x to 3.x - Migrating from 2.x to 3.x

Quickstart

The quickstart is broken into two flavors, "standard" & "connection_service", the latter showing how to integrate with the Android Telecom subsystem but requiring Android API 26. To get started with the Quickstart application follow these steps. Steps 1-5 will enable the application to make a call. The remaining steps 7-10 will enable the application to receive incoming calls in the form of push notifications using FCM.

1. Generate google-services.json
2. Open this project in Android Studio
3. Use Twilio CLI to deploy access token and TwiML application to Twilio Serverless
4. Create a TwiML application for the access token
5. Generate an access token for the quickstart
6. Run the app
7. Create a Push Credential using your FCM Server API Key
8. Receive an incoming call
9. Make client to client call
10. Make client to PSTN call

<a name="bullet1"></a>1. Generate google-services.json

The Programmable Voice Android SDK uses Firebase Cloud Messaging push notifications to let your application know when it is receiving an incoming call. If you want your users to receive incoming calls, you’ll need to enable FCM in your application.

Follow the steps under Use the Firebase Assistant in the Firebase Developers Guide. Once you connect and sync to Firebase successfully, you will be able to download the google-services.json for your application.

Login to Firebase console and make a note of generated Server Key. You will need them in step 7.

Make sure the generated google-services.json is downloaded to the app directory of the quickstart project to replace the existing app/google-services.json stub json file. If you are using the Firebase plugin make sure to remove the stub google-services.json file first.

Missing valid google-services.json will result in a build failure with the following error message : <img width="700px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twilio/voice-quickstart-android/master/images/quickstart/invalid_google_service_json_error.png">"

<a name="bullet2"></a>2. Open the project in Android Studio

<a name="bullet3"></a>3. Use Twilio CLI to deploy access token and TwiML application to Twilio Serverless

You must have the following installed:

• Node.js v10+
• NPM v6+ (comes installed with newer Node versions)

Run npm install to install all dependencies from NPM.

Install twilio-cli with:

$ npm install -g twilio-cli

Login to the Twilio CLI. You will be prompted for your Account SID and Auth Token, both of which you can find on the dashboard of your Twilio console.

$ twilio login

Once successfully logged in, an API Key, a secret get created and stored in your keychain as the twilio-cli password in SKxxxx|secret format. Please make a note of these values to use them in the Server/.env file.

This app requires the Serverless plug-in. Install the CLI plugin with:

$ twilio plugins:install @twilio-labs/plugin-serverless

Before deploying, create a Server/.env by copying from Server/.env.example

$ cp Server/.env.example Server/.env

Update Server/.env with your Account SID, auth token, API Key and secret.

ACCOUNT_SID=ACxxxx
AUTH_TOKEN=xxxxxx
API_KEY_SID=SKxxxx
API_SECRET=xxxxxx
APP_SID=APxxxx(available in step 4)
PUSH_CREDENTIAL_SID=CRxxxx(available in step 7)

The Server folder contains a basic server component which can be used to vend access tokens or generate TwiML response for making call to a number or another client. The app is deployed to Twilio Serverless with the serverless plug-in:

$ cd Server
$ twilio serverless:deploy

The server component that's baked into this quickstart is in Node.js. If you’d like to roll your own or better understand the Twilio Voice server side implementations, please see the list of starter projects in the following supported languages below:

• voice-quickstart-server-java
• voice-quickstart-server-node
• voice-quickstart-server-php
• voice-quickstart-server-python

Follow the instructions in the project's README to get the application server up and running locally and accessible via the public Internet.

<a name="bullet4"></a>4. Create a TwiML application for the Access Token

Next, we need to create a TwiML application. A TwiML application identifies a public URL for retrieving TwiML call control instructions. When your QS app makes a call to the Twilio cloud, Twilio will make a webhook request to this URL, your application server will respond with generated TwiML, and Twilio will execute the instructions you’ve provided.

Use Twilio CLI to create a TwiML app with the make-call endpoint you have just deployed (Note: replace the value of --voice-url parameter with your make-call endpoint you just deployed to Twilio Serverless)

$ twilio api:core:applications:create \
    --friendly-name=my-twiml-app \
    --voice-method=POST \
    --voice-url="https://my-quickstart-dev.twil.io/make-call"

You should receive an Appliciation SID that looks like this

APxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

<a name="bullet5"></a>5. Generate an access token for the quickstart

Install the token plug-in

$ twilio plugins:install @twilio-labs/plugin-token

Use the TwiML App SID you just created to generate an access token

$ twilio token:voice --identity=alice --voice-app-sid=APxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Copy the access token string. Your Android app will use this token to connect to Twilio.

<a name="bullet6"></a>6. Run the app

Now let’s go back to the app, update the placeholder of accessToken with access token string you just copied in VoiceActivity.java.

 private String accessToken = "PASTE_YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN_HERE";

Build and run the quickstart app on an Android device.

Press the call button to open the call dialog.

Leave the dialog text field empty and press the call button to start a call. You will hear the congratulatory message. Support for dialing another client or number is described in steps 9 and 10.

<a name="bullet7"></a>7. Create a Push Credential using your FCM Server Key

You will need to store the FCM Server key(The Server key of your project from the Firebase console, found under Settings/Cloud messaging) with Twilio so that we can send push notifications to your app on your behalf. Once you store the Server key with Twilio, it will get assigned a Push Credential SID so that you can later specify which key we should use to send push notifications.

A FCMv1 server key can be generated from a Firebase Service account by selecting Create New Key and subsequently selecting a 'JSON' key type. Keep track of this generated key due to its limited accessibility. For more information on how to create a FCMv1 token, please follow this document.

Once that token is created, go to your Twilio Console and from the "Account" drop-down on the upper right, select "Credentials".

From the within the "Credentials" page, select the tab labeled "Push Credentials" and then click the large "+" button.

After providing a friendly name, from the drop-down menu labeled "Type" select "FCM Push Credentials" and paste the key you generated in Firebase in the third box labeled "FCM Secret". Under the list of created "Push Credentials" you should now find your new push credential SID.

The newly created Push Credential SID should look like this

CRxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Now let's generate another access token and add the Push Credential to the Voice Grant.

$ twilio token:voice \
    --identity=alice \
    --voice-app-sid=APxxxx \
    --push-credential-sid=CRxxxxs

<a name="bullet8"></a>8. Receiving an Incoming Notification

You are now ready to receive incoming calls. Update your app with the access token generated from step 7 and rebuild your app. The Voice.register() method will register your mobile application with the FCM device token as well as the access token. Once registered, hit your application server's /place-call endpoint: https://my-quickstart-dev.twil.io/place-call?to=alice. This will trigger a Twilio REST API request that will make an inbound call to your mobile app.

Your application will be brought to the foreground and you will see an alert dialog. The app will be brought to foreground even when your screen is locked.

<img height="500px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/twilio/voice-quickstart-android/master/images/quickstart/incoming_call.png">"

Once your app accepts the call, you should hear a congratulatory message.

<a name="bullet9"></a>9. Make client to client call

To make client to client calls, you need the application running on two devices. To run the application on an additional device, make sure you use a different identity in your access token when registering the new device.

Press the call button to open the call dialog.

Enter the client identity of the newly registered device to initiate a client to client call from the first device.

<a name="bullet10"></a>10. Make client to PSTN call

A verified phone number is one that you can use as your Caller ID when making outbound calls with Twilio. This number has not been ported into Twilio and you do not pay Twilio for this phone number.

To make client to number calls, first get a valid Twilio number to your account via https://www.twilio.com/console/phone-numbers/verified. Update your server code and replace the callerNumber with the verified number. Restart the server so that it uses the new value.

Press the call button to open the call dialog.

Enter a PSTN number and press the call button to place a call.

Examples

In addition to the quickstart we've also added an example that shows how to create and customize media experience in your app:

• Custom Audio Device - Demonstrates how to use Twilio's Programmable Voice SDK with audio playback and recording functionality provided by a custom AudioDevice.

More Documentation

You can find more documentation on getting started as well as our latest Javadoc below:

• Getting Started
• Javadoc

Twilio Helper Libraries

To learn more about how to use TwiML and the Programmable Voice Calls API, check out our TwiML quickstarts:

• TwiML Quickstart for Python
• TwiML Quickstart for Ruby
• TwiML Quickstart for PHP
• TwiML Quickstart for Java
• TwiML Quickstart for C#

Issues and Support

Please file any issues you find here on Github. For general inquiries related to the Voice SDK you can file a support ticket. Please ensure that you are not sharing any Personally Identifiable Information(PII) or sensitive account information (API keys, credentials, etc.) when reporting an issue.

License

MIT