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BinaryTraits.jl

BinaryTraits focuses on usability - traits should be simple to understand and easy to use. For that reason, every trait is binary. An object either has the trait (positive) or does not have the trait (negative).

The design is heavily influenced by the Holy Traits pattern as explained in my Holy Traits book excerpt as well as in Julia manual's trait-based dispatch section. If you think about Holy Traits as the powerful manual transmission, then BinaryTraits gives you automatic transmission. The machinery is the same but it is a lot more pleasant to use.

NOTE: This package is under active development and we may introduce breaking changes. Please follow the issues list if you would like to contribute to the project or have a stake in the design.

Motivation

Just a quick example below. More details can be found in our documentation.

# Use package and import desired positive/negative trait type aliases
using BinaryTraits
using BinaryTraits.Prefix: Can

# Define a trait and its interface contracts
@trait Fly
@implement Can{Fly} by fly(_, destination::Location, speed::Float64)

# Define your data type and implementation
struct Bird end
fly(::Bird, destination::Location, speed::Float64) = "Wohoo! Arrived! 🐦"

# Assign your data type to a trait
@assign Bird with Can{Fly}

# Verify that your implementation is correct
@check(Bird)

# Dispatch for all flying things
@traitfn flap(::Can{Fly}, freq::Float64) = "Flapping wings at $freq Hz"

Main Features

Current features are listed below. Additional features are planned and logged in the issues list.

Define traits and assigning them to your own data types
Define composite traits that exhibits all of the underlying traits
Define interface contracts required for a trait
Verify that your data type fully implements all interface contracts
Define traits/interfaces in one module and use them from another module
Define trait dispatch functions easily

Credits

Klaus Crusius for his ideas, articulation, and significant contributions to this project
Jānis Erdmanis for his proposal of a new design based upon parametric types

Related Projects

There are quite a few traits libraries around. If this package isn't for you, take a look at these others: