Awesome
Responder: a familiar HTTP Service Framework for Python
Powered by Starlette. That async
declaration is optional.
View documentation.
This gets you a ASGI app, with a production static files server pre-installed, Jinja templating (without additional imports), and a production webserver based on uvloop, serving up requests with gzip compression automatically.
Testimonials
"Pleasantly very taken with python-responder. @kennethreitz at his absolute best." —Rudraksh M.K.
"ASGI is going to enable all sorts of new high-performance web services. It's awesome to see Responder starting to take advantage of that." — Tom Christie author of Django REST Framework
"I love that you are exploring new patterns. Go go go!" — Danny Greenfield, author of Two Scoops of Django
More Examples
See the documentation's feature tour for more details on features available in Responder.
Installing Responder
Install the most recent stable release:
pip install --upgrade 'responder'
Include support for all extensions and interfaces:
pip install --upgrade 'responder[full]'
Individual optional installation extras are:
- graphql: Adds GraphQL support via Graphene
- openapi: Adds OpenAPI/Swagger interface support
Or, install directly from the repository:
pip install 'responder[full] @ git+https://github.com/kennethreitz/responder.git'
Responder supports Python 3.6+.
The Basic Idea
The primary concept here is to bring the niceties that are brought forth from both Flask and Falcon and unify them into a single framework, along with some new ideas I have. I also wanted to take some of the API primitives that are instilled in the Requests library and put them into a web framework. So, you'll find a lot of parallels here with Requests.
- Setting
resp.content
sends back bytes. - Setting
resp.text
sends back unicode, while settingresp.html
sends back HTML. - Setting
resp.media
sends back JSON/YAML (.text
/.html
/.content
override this). - Case-insensitive
req.headers
dict (from Requests directly). resp.status_code
,req.method
,req.url
, and other familiar friends.
Ideas
- Flask-style route expression, with new capabilities -- all while using Python 3.6+'s new f-string syntax.
- I love Falcon's "every request and response is passed into to each view and mutated"
methodology, especially
response.media
, and have used it here. In addition to supporting JSON, I have decided to support YAML as well, as Kubernetes is slowly taking over the world, and it uses YAML for all the things. Content-negotiation and all that. - A built in testing client that uses the actual Requests you know and love.
- The ability to mount other WSGI apps easily.
- Automatic gzipped-responses.
- In addition to Falcon's
on_get
,on_post
, etc methods, Responder features anon_request
method, which gets called on every type of request, much like Requests. - A production static file server is built-in.
- Uvicorn built-in as a production web server. I would have chosen Gunicorn, but it doesn't run on Windows. Plus, Uvicorn serves well to protect against slowloris attacks, making nginx unnecessary in production.
- GraphQL support, via Graphene. The goal here is to have any GraphQL query exposable at any route, magically.
- Provide an official way to run webpack.
Development
See Development Sandbox.