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Shadow root DOM automation using selenium

Shadow DOM:

Shadow DOM is a web standard that offers component style and markup encapsulation. It is a critically important piece of the Web Components story as it ensures that a component will work in any environment even if other CSS or JavaScript is at play on the page.

Custom HTML Tags:

Custom HTML tags can't be directly identified with selenium tools. Using this plugin you can handle any custom HTML tags.

Problem Statement:

• You have already developed your web-based automation framework in java selenium. Your frontend application uses Polymer that uses shadow dom. Selenium doesn't provide any way to deal with shadow-dom elements.
• Your application page contains custom HTML tags that can't be identified directly using selenium.

Solution:

You can use this plugin by adding jar file or by including maven dependency in your java selenium project.

How it works:

Methods:

WebElement findElement(String cssSelector) : use this method if want single element from DOM

List<WebElement> findElements(String cssSelector) : use this if you want to find all elements from DOM

WebElement findElement(WebElement parent, String cssSelector) : use this if you want to find a single elements from parent object DOM

List<WebElement> findElements(WebElement parent, String cssSelector) : use this if you want to find all elements from parent object DOM

WebElement findElementByXPath(String XPath) : use this method if want single element from DOM

List<WebElement> findElementsByXPath(String XPath) : use this if you want to find all elements from DOM

WebElement findElementByXPath(WebElement parent, String XPath) : use this if you want to find a single elements from parent object DOM

List<WebElement> findElementsByXPath(WebElement parent, String XPath) : use this if you want to find all elements from parent object DOM

void setImplicitWait(int seconds) : use this method for implicit wait

void setExplicitWait(int seconds, int pollingTime) throws Exception : use this method for explicit wait

WebElement getShadowElement(WebElement parent,String selector) : use this if you want to find a single element from parent DOM

List<WebElement> getAllShadowElement(WebElement parent,String selector) : use this if you want to find all elements from parent DOM

WebElement getParentElement(WebElement element) : use this to get the parent element if web element.

List<WebElement> getChildElements(WebElement parent) : use this to get all the child elements of parent element.

List<WebElement> getSiblingElements(WebElement element) : use this to get all adjacent (sibling) elements.

WebElement getSiblingElement(WebElement element, String selector) : use this to get adjacent(sibling) element using css selector.

WebElement getNextSiblingElement(WebElement element) : use this to get next adjacent(sibling) element.

WebElement getPreviousSiblingElement(WebElement element) : use this to get previous adjacent(sibling) element..

boolean isVisible(WebElement element) : use this if you want to find visibility of element

boolean isChecked(WebElement element) : use this if you want to check if checkbox is selected

boolean isDisabled(WebElement element) : use this if you want to check if element is disabled

String getAttribute(WebElement element,String attribute) : use this if you want to get attribute like aria-selected and other custom attributes of elements.

void selectCheckbox(String label) : use this to select checkbox element using label.

void selectCheckbox(WebElement parentElement, String label) : use this to select checkbox element using label.

void selectRadio(String label) : use this to select radio element using label.

void selectRadio(WebElement parentElement, String label) : use this to select radio element from parent DOM using label.

void selectDropdown(String label) : use this to select dropdown list item using label (use this if only one dropdown is present or loaded on UI).

void selectDropdown(WebElement parentElement, String label) : use this to select dropdown list item from parent DOM using label.

void scrollTo(WebElement element) : use this to scroll to web element.

public void highlight(WebElement element, String color, Integer timeInMiliSeconds) : highlight method.

public void highlight(WebElement element) : highlight method highlight in red color.

What's New

We support now Selenium version 4 with release of Shadow version 0.1.5

Java 11 and Selenium 4.16.1 to be used with Shadow 0.1.5

How to use this plugin:

You will have to dependency in your project.

Maven

<dependency>
  <groupId>io.github.sukgu</groupId>
  <artifactId>automation</artifactId>
  <version>0.1.5</version>
</dependency>

Gradle

implementation 'io.github.sukgu:automation:0.1.5'

You can download the jar file from repository http://central.maven.org/maven2/io/github/sukgu/automation/0.1.5/automation-0.1.5.jar

Selector:

Examples:

for html tag <paper-tab title="Settings"> You can use this code in your framework to grab the paper-tab element Object.

  import io.github.sukgu.*;
  
  Shadow shadow = new Shadow(driver);
  WebElement element = shadow.findElement("paper-tab[title='Settings']");
  List<WebElement> element = shadow.findElements("paper-tab[title='Settings']");
  String text = element.getText();

for html tag that resides under a shadow-root dom element <input title="The name of the employee"> You can use this code in your framework to grab the paper-tab element Object.

  import io.github.sukgu.*;
  
  Shadow shadow = new Shadow(driver);
  WebElement element = shadow.findElement("input[title='The name of the employee']");
  String text = element.getText();

for html tag that resides under a shadow-root dom element

<properties-page id="settingsPage"> 
  <textarea id="textarea">
</properties-page>

You can use this code in your framework to grab the textarea element Object.

  import io.github.sukgu.*;
  
  Shadow shadow = new Shadow(driver);
  WebElement element = shadow.findElement("properties-page#settingsPage>textarea#textarea");
  String text = element.getText();

Note for XPath:

• 🟩 The findElementByXPath or findElementsByXPath takes XPath only with double slash internally for intermediate selections
• 🟩 //div[@id='container']//h2[text()='Inside Shadow DOM'] is correct
• 🟩 //div[@id='container']/h2[text()='Inside Shadow DOM'] is correct
• 🟩 For examples on XPath follow the link

Wait: Implicit and Explicit

If you want to use wait to synchronize your scripts then you should use the implicit or explicit wait feature.

• For Implicit wait, you can use shadow.setImplicitWait(int seconds) method.

• For Explicit wait, you can use shadow.setExplicitWait(int seconds, int pollingTime) method.

• In Implicit wait, the driver will wait for at least n seconds as set in shadow.setImplicitWait(n).

• In Explicit wait, the driver will wait for at max n seconds as set in shadow.setImplicitWait(n,m). In between driver will check for presence of WebElement every m seconds.

PageFactory:

• @FindElementBy annotation can be used with PageFactory model to find elements based on css_selector or xpath.
• To achieve this you will need to modify page initialization method as PageFactory.initElements(new ElementFieldDecorator(new DefaultElementLocatorFactory(driver), this).
• For more example on PageFactory see this page.

PageFactory Example:

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.pagefactory.DefaultElementLocatorFactory;
import io.github.sukgu.support.ElementFieldDecorator;
import io.github.sukgu.support.FindElementBy;

public class LocalTestPage {
	
	WebDriver driver;
	
	@FindElementBy(css = "#container")
	WebElement container;
	
	@FindBy(css = "#h3")
	WebElement h3;
	
	@FindBy(css = "#h3")
	List<WebElement> allH3;
	
	@FindElementBy(css = "#inside")
	List<WebElement> insides;
	
	@FindElementBy(xpath = "//body")
	WebElement bodyByXPath;
	
	@FindElementBy(xpath = "//body//div[1]")
	WebElement divByIndex;
	
    public LocalTestPage(WebDriver driver) {
    	this.driver = driver;
    	ElementFieldDecorator decorator = new ElementFieldDecorator(new DefaultElementLocatorFactory(driver));
    	// need to use decorator if you want to use @FindElementBy in your PageFactory model.
    	PageFactory.initElements(decorator, this);
    }
    //... 
}

Documentation Link

Library for Python Selenium Link Git Repo for Python Selenium Link