Awesome
Gruut
A tokenizer, text cleaner, and IPA phonemizer for several human languages that supports SSML.
from gruut import sentences
text = 'He wound it around the wound, saying "I read it was $10 to read."'
for sent in sentences(text, lang="en-us"):
for word in sent:
if word.phonemes:
print(word.text, *word.phonemes)
which outputs:
He h ˈi
wound w ˈaʊ n d
it ˈɪ t
around ɚ ˈaʊ n d
the ð ə
wound w ˈu n d
, |
saying s ˈeɪ ɪ ŋ
I ˈaɪ
read ɹ ˈɛ d
it ˈɪ t
was w ə z
ten t ˈɛ n
dollars d ˈɑ l ɚ z
to t ə
read ɹ ˈi d
. ‖
Note that "wound" and "read" have different pronunciations when used in different (grammatical) contexts.
A subset of SSML is also supported:
from gruut import sentences
ssml_text = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<speak version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd"
xml:lang="en-US">
<s>Today at 4pm, 2/1/2000.</s>
<s xml:lang="it">Un mese fà, 2/1/2000.</s>
</speak>"""
for sent in sentences(ssml_text, ssml=True):
for word in sent:
if word.phonemes:
print(sent.idx, word.lang, word.text, *word.phonemes)
with the output:
0 en-US Today t ə d ˈeɪ
0 en-US at ˈæ t
0 en-US four f ˈɔ ɹ
0 en-US P p ˈi
0 en-US M ˈɛ m
0 en-US , |
0 en-US February f ˈɛ b j u ˌɛ ɹ i
0 en-US first f ˈɚ s t
0 en-US , |
0 en-US two t ˈu
0 en-US thousand θ ˈaʊ z ə n d
0 en-US . ‖
1 it Un u n
1 it mese ˈm e s e
1 it fà f a
1 it , |
1 it due d j u
1 it gennaio d͡ʒ e n n ˈa j o
1 it duemila d u e ˈm i l a
1 it . ‖
See the documentation for more details.
Installation
pip install gruut
Languages besides English can be added during installation. For example, with French and Italian support:
pip install -f 'https://synesthesiam.github.io/prebuilt-apps/' gruut[fr,it]
The extra pip repo is needed for an updated num2words fork that includes support for more languages.
You may also manually download language files and use put them in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gruut/
($HOME/.config/gruut
by default).
gruut will look for language files in the directory $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gruut/<lang>/
if the corresponding Python package is not installed. Note that <lang>
here is the full language name, e.g. de-de
instead of just de
.
Supported Languages
gruut currently supports:
- Arabic (
ar
) - Czech (
cs
orcs-cz
) - German (
de
orde-de
) - English (
en
oren-us
) - Spanish (
es
ores-es
) - Farsi/Persian (
fa
) - French (
fr
orfr-fr
) - Italian (
it
orit-it
) - Luxembourgish (
lb
) - Dutch (
nl
) - Russian (
ru
orru-ru
) - Swedish (
sv
orsv-se
) - Swahili (
sw
)
The goal is to support all of voice2json's languages
Dependencies
- Python 3.7 or higher
- Linux
- Tested on Debian Bullseye
- num2words fork and Babel
- Currency/number handling
- num2words fork includes additional language support (Arabic, Farsi, Swedish, Swahili)
- gruut-ipa
- IPA pronunciation manipulation
- pycrfsuite
- Part of speech tagging and grapheme to phoneme models
- pydateparser
- Date parsing for multiple languages
Numbers, Dates, and More
gruut
can automatically verbalize numbers, dates, and other expressions. This is done in a locale-aware manner for both parsing and verbalization, so "1/1/2020" may be interpreted as "M/D/Y" or "D/M/Y" depending on the word or sentence's language (e.g., <s lang="...">
).
The following types of expressions can be automatically expanded into words by gruut
:
- Numbers - "123" to "one hundred and twenty three" (disable with
verbalize_numbers=False
or--no-numbers
)- Relies on
Babel
for parsing andnum2words
for verbalization
- Relies on
- Dates - "1/1/2020" to "January first, twenty twenty" (disable with
verbalize_dates=False
or--no-dates
)- Relies on
pydateparser
for parsing and bothBabel
andnum2words
for verbalization
- Relies on
- Currency - "$10" to "ten dollars" (disable with
verbalize_currency=False
or--no-currency
)- Relies on
Babel
for parsing and bothBabel
andnum2words
for verbalization
- Relies on
- Times - "12:01am" to "twelve oh one A M" (disable with
verbalize_times=False
or--no-times
)- English only
- Relies on
num2words
for verbalization
Command-Line Usage
The gruut
module can be executed with python3 -m gruut --language <LANGUAGE> <TEXT>
or with the gruut
command (from setup.py
).
The gruut
command is line-oriented, consuming text and producing JSONL.
You will probably want to install jq to manipulate the JSONL output from gruut
.
Plain Text
Takes raw text and outputs JSONL with cleaned words/tokens.
echo 'This, right here, is some "RAW" text!' \
| gruut --language en-us \
| jq --raw-output '.words[].text'
This
,
right
here
,
is
some
"
RAW
"
text
!
More information is available in the full JSON output:
gruut --language en-us 'More text.' | jq .
Output:
{
"idx": 0,
"text": "More text.",
"text_with_ws": "More text.",
"text_spoken": "More text",
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"words": [
{
"idx": 0,
"text": "More",
"text_with_ws": "More ",
"leading_ws": "",
"training_ws": " ",
"sent_idx": 0,
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"pos": "JJR",
"phonemes": [
"m",
"ˈɔ",
"ɹ"
],
"is_major_break": false,
"is_minor_break": false,
"is_punctuation": false,
"is_break": false,
"is_spoken": true,
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
},
{
"idx": 1,
"text": "text",
"text_with_ws": "text",
"leading_ws": "",
"training_ws": "",
"sent_idx": 0,
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"pos": "NN",
"phonemes": [
"t",
"ˈɛ",
"k",
"s",
"t"
],
"is_major_break": false,
"is_minor_break": false,
"is_punctuation": false,
"is_break": false,
"is_spoken": true,
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
},
{
"idx": 2,
"text": ".",
"text_with_ws": ".",
"leading_ws": "",
"training_ws": "",
"sent_idx": 0,
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"pos": null,
"phonemes": [
"‖"
],
"is_major_break": true,
"is_minor_break": false,
"is_punctuation": false,
"is_break": true,
"is_spoken": false,
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
}
],
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
}
For the whole input line and each word, the text
property contains the processed input text with normalized whitespace while text_with_ws
retains the original whitespace. The text_spoken
property only contains words that are spoken, so punctuation and breaks are excluded.
Within each word, there is:
idx
- zero-based index of the word in the sentencesent_idx
- zero-based index of the sentence in the input textpos
- part of speech tag (if available)phonemes
- list of IPA phonemes for the word (if available)is_minor_break
-true
if "word" separates phrases (comma, semicolon, etc.)is_major_break
-true
if "word" separates sentences (period, question mark, etc.)is_break
-true
if "word" is a major or minor breakis_punctuation
-true
if "word" is a surrounding punctuation mark (quote, bracket, etc.)is_spoken
-true
if not a break or punctuation
See python3 -m gruut <LANGUAGE> --help
for more options.
SSML
A subset of SSML is supported:
<speak>
- wrap around SSML textlang
- set language for document
<p>
- paragraphlang
- set language for paragraph
<s>
- sentence (disables automatic sentence breaking)lang
- set language for sentence
<w>
/<token>
- word (disables automatic tokenization)lang
- set language for wordrole
- set word role (see word roles)
<lang lang="...">
- set language inner text<voice name="...">
- set voice of inner text<say-as interpret-as="">
- force interpretation of inner textinterpret-as
one of "spell-out", "date", "number", "time", or "currency"format
- way to format text depending oninterpret-as
- number - one of "cardinal", "ordinal", "digits", "year"
- date - string with "d" (cardinal day), "o" (ordinal day), "m" (month), or "y" (year)
<break time="">
- Pause for given amount of time- time - seconds ("123s") or milliseconds ("123ms")
<mark name="">
- User-defined mark (marks_before
andmarks_after
attributes of words/sentences)- name - name of mark
<sub alias="">
- substitutealias
for inner text<phoneme ph="...">
- supply phonemes for inner textph
- phonemes for each word of inner text, separated by whitespace
<lexicon id="...">
- inline or external pronunciation lexiconid
- unique id of lexicon (used in<lookup ref="...">
)uri
- if empty or missing, lexicon is inline- One or more
<lexeme>
child elements with:- Optional
role="..."
([word roles][#word-roles] separated by whitespace) <grapheme>WORD</grapheme>
- word text<phoneme>P H O N E M E S</phoneme>
- word pronunciation (phonemes separated by whitespace)
- Optional
<lookup ref="...">
- use pronunciation lexicon for child elementsref
- id from a<lexicon id="...">
Word Roles
During phonemization, word roles are used to disambiguate pronunciations. Unless manually specified, a word's role is derived from its part of speech tag as gruut:<TAG>
. For initialisms and spell-out
, the role gruut:letter
is used to indicate that e.g., "a" should be spoken as /eɪ/
instead of /ə/
.
For en-us
, the following additional roles are available from the part-of-speech tagger:
gruut:CD
- numbergruut:DT
- determinergruut:IN
- preposition or subordinating conjunctiongruut:JJ
- adjectivegruut:NN
- noungruut:PRP
- personal pronoungruut:RB
- adverbgruut:VB
- verbgruut:VB
- verb (past tense)
Inline Lexicons
Inline pronunciation lexicons are supported via the <lexicon>
and <lookup>
tags. gruut diverges slightly from the SSML standard here by allowing lexicons to be defined within the SSML document itself (url
is blank or missing). Additionally, the id
attribute of the <lexicon>
element can be left off to indicate a "default" inline lexicon that does not require a corresponding <lookup>
tag.
For example, the following document will yield three different pronunciations for the word "tomato":
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<speak version="1.1"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd"
xml:lang="en-US">
<lexicon xml:id="test" alphabet="ipa">
<lexeme>
<grapheme>
tomato
</grapheme>
<phoneme>
<!-- Individual phonemes are separated by whitespace -->
t ə m ˈɑ t oʊ
</phoneme>
</lexeme>
<lexeme>
<grapheme role="fake-role">
tomato
</grapheme>
<phoneme>
<!-- Made up pronunciation for fake word role -->
t ə m ˈi t oʊ
</phoneme>
</lexeme>
</lexicon>
<w>tomato</w>
<lookup ref="test">
<w>tomato</w>
<w role="fake-role">tomato</w>
</lookup>
</speak>
The first "tomato" will be looked up in the U.S. English lexicon (/t ə m ˈeɪ t oʊ/
). Within the <lookup>
tag's scope, the second and third "tomato" words will be looked up in the inline lexicon. The third "tomato" word has a role attached (selecting a made up pronunciation in this case).
Even further from the SSML standard, gruut allows you to leave off the <lexicon>
id entirely. With no id
, a <lookup>
tag is no longer needed, allowing you to override the pronunciation of any word in the document:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<speak version="1.1"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd"
xml:lang="en-US">
<!-- No id means change all words without a lookup -->
<lexicon>
<lexeme>
<grapheme>
tomato
</grapheme>
<phoneme>
t ə m ˈɑ t oʊ
</phoneme>
</lexeme>
</lexicon>
<w>tomato</w>
</speak>
This will yield a pronunciation of /t ə m ˈɑ t oʊ/
for all instances of "tomato" in the document (unless they have a <lookup>
).
Intended Audience
gruut is useful for transforming raw text into phonetic pronunciations, similar to phonemizer. Unlike phonemizer, gruut looks up words in a pre-built lexicon (pronunciation dictionary) or guesses word pronunciations with a pre-trained grapheme-to-phoneme model. Phonemes for each language come from a carefully chosen inventory.
For each supported language, gruut includes a:
- A word pronunciation lexicon built from open source data
- See pron_dict
- A pre-trained grapheme-to-phoneme model for guessing word pronunciations
Some languages also include:
- A pre-trained part of speech tagger built from open source data: