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r.js
A command line tool for running JavaScript scripts that use the Asynchronous Module Definition API (AMD) for declaring and using JavaScript modules and regular JavaScript script files.
It is part of the RequireJS project, and works with the RequireJS implementation of AMD.
r.js is a single script that has two major functions:
- Run AMD-based projects in Node and Nashorn, Rhino and xpcshell.
- Includes the RequireJS Optimizer that combines scripts for optimal browser delivery.
Installation
Node
npm install -g requirejs
From then on, you can use r.js on the command line to run the optimizer.
Nashorn/Rhino/Browser
Download the latest release from the RequireJS download page.
xpcshell
xpcshell support was added in r.js version 2.1.5, so use that r.js version or later.
Download the latest release of r.js from the RequireJS download page.
From this repo
r.js is made up of a series of modules that are built into one file for distribution. The dist directory contains the built version of the code. In the master branch, it should match the current state of the master code.
If you are doing local modifications from a clone of this repo, you can run the following command to generate an r.js at the root of this repo:
node dist.js
To generate an r.js that also gets copied to dist with a time stamp, run:
./copydist.js
Running AMD-based projects
If your JS project's main application file is called main.js, then do the following:
Node
r.js main.js
Requires Node 0.4 or later.
r.js allows using Node modules installed via npm. For more info see the Use with Node docs.
Java
Nashorn
As of r.js 2.1.16, r.js can run in Nashorn, Java 8+'s JavaScript engine, via the jjs command line tool that is installed with Java.
Then general format of the command:
jjs -scripting path/to/r.js -- [r.js command line arguments here]
Examples:
# Calling r.js to optimize a project using the build config in build.js
jjs -scripting path/to/r.js -- -o build.js
# Calling r.js to run AMD modules, where the main app program is main.js
jjs -scripting path/to/r.js -- main.js
All further examples will use the Node notation, but substitute the r.js references below with the command line structure mentioned above (jjs -scripting path/to/r.js -- ).
Rhino
Using Rhino requires some JAR files in the CLASSPATH for it to work:
- rhino.jar from the Rhino project.
- compiler.jar if you are using the optimizer and want to use Closure Compiler.
Download those files to your machine. To run r.js, you can use this type of command:
OS X/Linux/Unix:
java -classpath path/to/rhino/js.jar:path/to/closure/compiler.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main -opt -1 r.js main.js
Windows
java -classpath path/to/rhino/js.jar;path/to/closure/compiler.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main -opt -1 r.js main.js
s If you want to run it in the debugger, replace org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main with org.mozilla.javascript.tools.debugger.Main.
All further examples will use the Node notation, but substitute the r.js references below with the appropriate java command.
xpcshell
To run the optimizer using a build config file or command line build options:
path/to/xpcshell path/to/r.js -o buildconfig.js
r.js can also be used as a library in another .js file run via xpcshell.
- tests/xpcshell/run.js: shows how to load AMD modules by using r.js as a library.
- tests/xpcshell/build.js: shows how to trigger the optimizer from within another .js file.
Optimizer
The optimizer can be run by passing the -o command to r.js:
r.js -o path/to/buildconfig.js
See the Optimization doc for more information on the optimizer.
If running in Java, be sure to grab the Rhino and Closure Compiler jar files in the lib/ directory, then run this command:
OS X/Linux/Unix:
java -classpath path/to/rhino/js.jar:path/to/closure/compiler.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main r.js -o path/to/buildconfig.js
Windows
java -classpath path/to/rhino/js.jar;path/to/closure/compiler.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main r.js -o path/to/buildconfig.js
What makes it special
The optimizer is better than using a plain concatenation script because it runs require.js as part of the optimization, so it knows how to:
- Use Loader Plugins to load non-script dependencies and inline them in built files.
- Name anonymous modules. If your optimization step does not do this, and you use anonymous modules, you will get errors running the built code.
Other r.js commands
Get Version
To get the version of r.js and the version of require.js used by r.js:
r.js -v
Convert CommonJS modules
To convert a directory of CommonJS modules to ones that have define() wrappers:
r.js -convert path/to/commonjs/dir output/dir
Most, but not all, CommonJS modules can be converted to define()-wrapped modules and still work.
However, there are some modules that may fail if:
- They use code branches like if/else or try/catch to call require(). There are problems supporting this kind of dynamic module calls in an async environment.
- Some kinds of circular dependencies will not work right. The kinds that fail are normally very brittle and depend on the execution order of the dependent modules.
License
MIT
Code of Conduct
jQuery Foundation Code of Conduct.
Directory layout
Directory prerequisites
r.js assumes that there are some other projects checked out as sibling directories to it, and named certain names, in order for the tests to pass.
So it is best to create the following directory structure with the following git clone commands:
mkdir requirejs
cd requirejs
git clone git://github.com/requirejs/r.js.git
git clone git://github.com/requirejs/requirejs.git
git clone git://github.com/requirejs/text.git
So there should be a sibling requirejs and text directories to the r.js
directory containing your clone of the r.js project.
Directory details
The r.js project has the following directory layout:
- dist.js: the script that builds r.js
- require.js: the version of require.js to include in r.js
- dist the directory containing releases of r.js
- build: The files that make up the optimizer. dist.js includes a list of the files from this directory to build into r.js.
- lib: The Java libraries for Rhino and Closure Compiler. Only needed if using Java/Rhino to run r.js
- tests: command line tests. Run it under Node and Rhino by doing ../r.js all.js
dist.js takes the build/jslib/x.js file and injects the require.js files and other files from the build/jslib directory into it.
If you make changes to any of those files, you will need to run node dist.js to generate a new r.js. Be sure to run it through the tests , using both Node and Java/Rhino:
* node dist.js
* cd tests
* node ../r.js all.js
* java -classpath ../lib/rhino/js.jar:../lib/closure/compiler.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main ../r.js all.js
* cd ../build/tests
* node ../../r.js all.js
* java -classpath ../../lib/rhino/js.jar:../../lib/closure/compiler.jar org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main ../../r.js all.js
For running tests, put xpcshell in env/xpcshell/ as a directory, that contains all the files needed for it to run, including the xpcshell binary. Downloading a xulrunner nightly might work.
Contributing code changes
See the RequireJS Contributing page for info on how to contribute code/bug fixes to this project.
Use GitHub pull requests to point to code changes, although for larger changes, contact the requirejs mailing list to discuss them first.
Included libraries
r.js includes modules from these projects:
Doing a release
To do a release of version 0.0.0:
- Make sure the right version of require.js is in the project.
- Modify build/jslib/x.js to update the r.js version number in two places.
- node dist.js
- Run the tests (see above). They should pass. :)
- mv r.js dist/r.js
- git commit -am "Release 0.0.0"
- git tag -am "Release 0.0.0" 0.0.0
- git push origin master
- git push --tags
Update the RequireJS download site to point to the latest release, then update the requirejs/requirejs-npm repo to have the latest changes and publish the result to npm.
Make sure to keep #!/usr/bin/env node as the first line in bin/r.js in
the requirejs-npm repo.