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Piraeus High Availability Controller
The Piraeus High Availability Controller will speed up the fail-over process for stateful workloads using Piraeus for storage.
Get started
The Piraeus High Availability Controller can be deployed through a helm chart.
$ helm install --create-namespace --namespace piraeus-ha-controller piraeus-ha-controller charts/piraeus-ha-controller
The high availability controller will automatically watch all pods and volumes and start the fail-over process should it detect any issues.
While not strictly necessary, we recommend using DRBD 9.1.7 or newer and the following settings in your StorageClass:
parameters:
property.linstor.csi.linbit.com/DrbdOptions/auto-quorum: suspend-io
property.linstor.csi.linbit.com/DrbdOptions/Resource/on-no-data-accessible: suspend-io
property.linstor.csi.linbit.com/DrbdOptions/Resource/on-suspended-primary-outdated: force-secondary
property.linstor.csi.linbit.com/DrbdOptions/Net/rr-conflict: retry-connect
Options
The Piraeus High Availability Controller itself can be configured using the following flags:
--drbd-status-interval duration time between DRBD status updates (default 5s)
--fail-over-timeout duration timeout before starting fail-over process (default 5s)
--grace-period-seconds int default grace period for deleting k8s objects, in seconds (default 10)
--node-name string the name of node this is running on. defaults to the NODE_NAME environment variable (default "n2.k8s-mwa.at.linbit.com")
--operations-timeout duration default timeout for operations (default 1m0s)
--reconcile-interval duration maximum interval between reconciliation attempts (default 5s)
--request-timeout string The length of time to wait before giving up on a single server request. Non-zero values should contain a corresponding time unit (e.g. 1s, 2m, 3h). A value of zero means don't timeout requests. (default "0")
--resync-interval duration how often the internal object cache should be resynchronized (default 5m0s)
--v int32 set log level (default 0)
You can directly set them through the helm chart using the matching options value.
What resources are monitored?
The Piraeus High Availability Controller will monitor and manage any Pod that is attached to at least one DRBD resource.
When using volumes without quorum capabilities (less than 2 replicas + 1 tie-breaker or quorum manually disabled), the fast fail-over capabilities of the HA Controller will not be available.
Other capabilities of the HA Controller will work with any DRBD resource and Pod.
If you want to mark a Pod as exempt from management by the HA Controller, add the following annotation to the Pod:
kubectl annotate pod <podname> drbd.linbit.com/ignore-fail-over=""
What & Why?
Let's say you are using Piraeus to provision your Kubernetes PersistentVolumes. You replicate your volumes across multiple nodes in your cluster, so that even if a node crashes, a simple re-creation of the Pod will still have access to the same data.
The Problem
We have deployed our application as a StatefulSet to ensure only one Pod can access the PersistentVolume at a time, even in case of node failures.
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus 1/1 Running 0 5m 172.31.0.1 node01.ha.cluster <none> <none>
Now we simulate our node crashing and wait for Kubernetes to recognize the node as unavailable
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01.ha.cluster Ready master 12d v1.19.4
master02.ha.cluster Ready master 12d v1.19.4
master03.ha.cluster Ready master 12d v1.19.4
node01.ha.cluster Ready compute 12d v1.19.4
node02.ha.cluster Ready compute 12d v1.19.4
node03.ha.cluster NotReady compute 12d v1.19.4
We check our pod again:
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 1/1 Running 0 10m 172.31.0.1 node01.ha.cluster <none> <none>
Nothing happened! That's because Kubernetes, by default, adds a 5-minute grace period before pods are evicted from unreachable nodes. So we wait.
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 1/1 Terminating 0 15m 172.31.0.1 node01.ha.cluster <none> <none>
Now our Pod is Terminating, but still nothing happens. You force delete the pod
$ kubectl delete pod my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 --force
warning: Immediate deletion does not wait for confirmation that the running resource has been terminated. The resource may continue to run on the cluster indefinitely.
pod "my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0" force deleted
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 5s 172.31.0.1 node02.ha.cluster <none> <none>
Still, nothing happens, the new Pod is assigned to a different node, but it cannot start. Why? Because Kubernetes thinks the old volume might still be attached
$ kubectl describe pod my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0
...
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Scheduled <unknown> default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 to node02.ha.cluster
Warning FailedAttachVolume 28s attachdetach-controller Multi-Attach error for volume "pvc-9d991a74-0713-448f-ac0c-0b20b842763e" Volume is already exclusively at
tached to one node and can't be attached to another
This eventually times out, and we eventually our Pod will be running on another node.
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 1/1 Running 0 5m 172.31.0.1 node02.ha.cluster <none> <none>
This process can take up to 15 minutes using the default settings of Kubernetes.
The solution
The Piraeus High Availability Controller can speed up this fail-over process significantly. As before, we start out with a running pod:
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus 1/1 Running 0 10s 172.31.0.1 node01.ha.cluster <none> <none>
Again, we simulate our node crashing and wait for Kubernetes to recognize the node as unavailable
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master01.ha.cluster Ready master 12d v1.19.4
master02.ha.cluster Ready master 12d v1.19.4
master03.ha.cluster Ready master 12d v1.19.4
node01.ha.cluster Ready compute 12d v1.19.4
node02.ha.cluster Ready compute 12d v1.19.4
node03.ha.cluster NotReady compute 12d v1.19.4
We check our pod again. After a short wait (by default after around 10 seconds after the node "crashed"):
$ kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
my-stateful-app-with-piraeus-0 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 3s 172.31.0.1 node02.ha.cluster <none> <none>
We see that the pod was rescheduled to another node. We can also take a look the cluster events:
$ kubectl get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp -w
...
1s Warning NodeStorageQuorumLost node/node01.ha.cluster Tainted node because some volumes have lost quorum
1s Warning VolumeWithoutQuorum pod/suspend-example-57c5c67658-t94wz Pod was evicted because attached volume lost quorum
1s Warning VolumeWithoutQuorum volumeattachment/csi-fda9f57ce4csd... Volume attachment was force-detached because node lost quorum
...
How?
The Piraeus High Availability Controller monitors DRBD on every node by starting an agent on every node. When DRBD reports a resource as promotable, there can't be any currently running Pods on other nodes using the volume. The agents then check that assumption against the reported cluster state in Kubernetes.
If there are Pods on other nodes that should be attached to the resource, the controller can conclude that those pods need to be removed. These Pods can't do any writes, so it is safe to delete them.