Awesome
gtfstidy
Tidy (and validate) GTFS feeds.
Fixes small inconsistencies, minimizes the overall feed size, and prepares the feed for secure, standard-compliant further use.
Output feeds are semantically equivalent to the input feed. In this context, semantical equivalency means that the output feed provides exactly the same trips with exactly the same attributes (routes, stop-times, shapes, agency, fares etc.). In other words, the output feed is equivalent to the input feed from a passenger's perspective.
0. Features
- Clean CSV output. Only quote string values where needed, use dynamic float precision and remove whitespace. Only output files that are necessary.
- Default-value error handling. If non-required fields in the input-feed have errors, fall back to the default value according to the GTFS standard
- Drop-entities error handling. If non-fixable errors occur, drop the affected entity (trip, route, stop, etc.).
- Orphan deletion. Delete stops, routes, stop times and shapes that aren't referenced anywhere
- ID minimization. Replace IDs with dense integer or character IDs
- Shape minimization. Minimize shape geometries using the Douglas-Peucker algorithm
- Service minimization. Minimize services in
calender.txt
andcalender_dates.txt
by searching optimal progression and/or exception covers. - Trip/Stop-Time minimization. Minimize trips and stop-times by analyzing
stop_times.txt
andfrequencies.txt
and searching for optimal frequency covers. - Shape remeasurement. If shape measures (
shape_dist_traveled
) have gaps, try to fill them by interpolating surrounding measurements - Duplicate removal. Safely remove routes, shapes and services that are semantically equivalent to others and combine them into one.
- Extensive feed validation. Validation includes for example checking stop time progressions, ID references, ID collisions, missing required fields, shape measurements, timezone strings, general field value range validity, URLs, mail addresses, ISO language codes, timepoint validity ...
- Entropy-minimizing heuristics. Sort lines prior to writing them to keep the entropy of the resulting CSV files small. This often leads to better compression results (see below).
For more features, see the help page (--help
).
1. Installation
$ go get github.com/patrickbr/gtfstidy
2. Usage
Each GTFS processor has to be enabled explicitly. See
$ gtfstidy --help
for possible options.
You can use
$ gtfstidy -v <feed>
to do a simple feed validation.
3. Example
Process the SFMTA-Feed with all processors enabled:
$ gtfstidy -SCRmTcdsOeD sanfrancisco.zip
Validate the SFMTA-Feed:
$ gtfstidy -v sanfrancisco.zip
4. Evaluation
All zipped sizes using zip -9
.
SFMTA feed
Processed with -SCRmTcdsOeD
.
File | # lines before | size before (B) | # lines after | size after (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
agency.txt | 2 | 159 | 2 | 153 | |
calendar_dates.txt | 11 | 172 | 11 | 161 | |
calendar.txt | 4 | 194 | 4 | 190 | |
fare_attributes.txt | 3 | 109 | 3 | 107 | |
fare_rules.txt | 83 | 1k | 83 | 392 | |
frequencies.txt | --- | --- | 3,904 | 111k | |
routes.txt | 83 | 3,2K | 83 | 1,9k | |
shapes.txt | 201,831 | 7.4M | 19,863 | 620K | |
stops.txt | 3,556 | 212K | 3,540 | 172K | |
stop_times.txt | 1,115,598 | 46M | 893,344 | 25M | |
trips.txt | 28,989 | 1,4M | 21,741 | 739K |
Compression gain:
File | processors | size before (B) | size after (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
feed.zip | -SCRmTcdsOeD | 8.8M | 5.9M | |
feed.zip | none | 8.8M | 8.5M |
Switzerland feed
Processed with -SCRmTcdsOeD
.
File | # lines before | size before (B) | # lines after | size after (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
agency.txt | 424 | 40K | 424 | 33K | |
calendar_dates.txt | 4,387,195 | 113M | 455,843 | 6.6M | |
calendar.txt | 32,822 | 2M | 28,873 | 1014K | |
fare_attributes.txt | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
fare_rules.txt | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
frequencies.txt | --- | --- | 2,023 | 57K | |
routes.txt | 5,564 | 254K | 4,613 | 105K | |
shapes.txt | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
stops.txt | 31,753 | 2.4M | 31,753 | 1.4M | |
stop_times.txt | 11,569,991 | 790M | 10,771,471 | 323M | |
transfers.txt | 21,691 | 846K | 21,691 | 295K | |
trips.txt | 1,055,231 | 86M | 662,771 | 26M |
Compression gain:
File | processors | size before (B) | size after (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
feed.zip | -SCRmTcdsOeD | 80M | 63M | |
feed.zip | none | 80M | 77M |
Prague feed
Processed with -SCRmTcdsOeD
.
File | # lines before | size before (B) | # lines after | size after (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
agency.txt | 21 | 1.7K | 21 | 1.6K | |
calendar_dates.txt | 1 | 32 | 8 | 122 | |
calendar.txt | 49 | 1.8K | 27 | 972 | |
fare_attributes.txt | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
fare_rules.txt | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
frequencies.txt | --- | --- | 21,425 | 604K | |
routes.txt | 434 | 25K | 434 | 22K | |
shapes.txt | 784,062 | 22M | 578,211 | 15M | |
stops.txt | 7,401 | 385K | 7,401 | 323K | |
stop_times.txt | 1,879,757 | 69M | 751,415 | 23M | |
trips.txt | 87,348 | 3.3M | 34,812 | 1.1M |
Compression gain:
File | processors | size before (B) | size after (B) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
feed.zip | -SCRmTcdsOeD | 16M | 9.4M | |
feed.zip | none | 16M | 16M |
5. Available processors
There are two classes of processors. Processors with a lowercase flag modify existing entries. Processors with an uppercase flag delete existing entries, either because they are duplicates or because they can be combined with other entries.
ID minimizer
IDs are packed into dense integer arrays, either as base 10 or base 36 integers. You should not use this processor if you are referencing entities from outside the static feed (for example, if the IDs are references from a GTFS-realtime feed).
Flags
-i
: pack IDs into dense base 10 integers-d
: pack IDs into dense base 36 integers
Modifies
Every file.
Example
Before
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_desc,route_type,route_url,route_color,route_text_color
AB,DTA,10,Airport - Bullfrog,,3,,,
BFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,,3,,,
STBA,DTA,30,Stagecoach - Airport Shuttle,,3,,,
CITY,DTA,40,City,,3,,,
AAMV,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,,3,,,
AAMV2,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,,3,,,
After
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_type
2,1,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,3
3,1,30,Stagecoach - Airport Shuttle,3
4,1,40,City,3
5,1,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,3
6,1,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,3
1,1,10,Airport - Bullfrog,3
Orphan remover
Feed is checked for entries that are not referenced anywhere. These entries are removed from the output.
Flags
-O
: remove entities that are not referenced anywhere
Modifies
trips.txt
, stops.txt
, routes.txt
, calendar_dates.txt
, calendar.txt
Example
Before
stops.txt
stop_id,stop_name,stop_desc,stop_lat,stop_lon,zone_id,stop_url,parent_station
META1,Furnace Creek,,36.425288,-117.1333162,,,
META2,Furnace Creek,,36.425288,-117.1333162,,,
FUR_CREEK_RES,Furnace Creek Resort (Demo),,36.425288,-117.133162,,,META1
After
stops.txt
stop_id,stop_name,stop_lat,stop_lon,parent_station
META1,Furnace Creek,36.42529,-117.133316,
FUR_CREEK_RES,Furnace Creek Resort (Demo),36.42529,-117.13316,META1
Shape minimizer
Minimizes shape geometries using Douglas-Peucker. This processor implicitly calls the shape remeasurer! The shape coordinates are projected to web mercator (EPSG:3857) prior to minimization. The ε value for Douglas-Peucker is set to 1.0
Flags
-s
: minimize shapes (using Douglas-Peucker)
Modifies
shapes.txt
Example
Before
shapes.txt
shape_id,shape_pt_lat,shape_pt_lon,shape_pt_sequence,shape_dist_traveled
A_shp,0,0,1,
A_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.8310
A_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
A_shp,2,1,4
A_shp,3,1,5,36.76
A_shp,3.5,1,6,
B_shp,0,0,1,
B_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.8310
B_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
B_shp,2,1,4
B_shp,3,1,5,36.76
B_shp,3.5,1,6,
After
shapes.txt
shape_id,shape_pt_lat,shape_pt_lon,shape_pt_sequence,shape_dist_traveled
A_shp,0,0,1,0
A_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.831
A_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
A_shp,3.5,1,6,42.910156
B_shp,0,0,1,0
B_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.831
B_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
B_shp,3.5,1,6,42.910156
Service minimizer
Minimizes service ranges in calendar.txt
and calendar_dates.txt
by searching for optimal coverages of range entries in calendar.txt
and exception entries in calendar_dates.txt
.
Flags
-c
: minimize services by searching for the optimal exception/range coverage
Modifies
calendar.txt
, calendar_dates.txt
Example
Before
calendar.txt
(empty)
calendar_dates.txt
service_id,date,exception_type
FULLW,20160814,1
FULLW,20160815,2
FULLW,20160816,1
FULLW,20160817,1
FULLW,20160818,1
FULLW,20160819,1
FULLW,20160820,1
FULLW,20160821,1
After
calendar.txt
service_id,monday,tuesday,wednesday,thursday,friday,saturday,sunday,start_date,end_date
FULLW,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,20160814,20160821
calendar_dates.txt
(empty)
Trip/Stop-times minimizer
Minimizes stop times in stop_times.txt
and trips in trips.txt
by searching for progression (frequency) covers on the stop times. If multiple trips with equivalent attributes (route, shapes etc) and the same relative stop times are found, they are checked for frequency patterns. If a pattern can be found, the trips are combined into a single frequency-based trip (via frequency.txt
). Existing frequencies in frequencies.txt
are also optimized and/or combined with entries in stop_times.txt
.
The algorithm is based on a CAP (Cover by Arithmetic Progression) algorithm proposed by Hannah Bast and Sabine Storandt.
Flags
-T
: search for frequency patterns in explicit trips and combine them
Modifies
trips.txt
, stop_times.txt
, frequencies.txt
Example
Before
stop_times.txt
trip_id,arrival_time,departure_time,stop_id,stop_sequence
AB1a,8:00:00,8:00:00,BEATTY_AIRPORT,1
AB1a,8:10:00,8:15:00,BULLFROG,2
AB1b,8:10:00,8:10:00,BEATTY_AIRPORT,1
AB1b,8:20:00,8:25:00,BULLFROG,2
AB1c,8:20:00,8:20:00,BEATTY_AIRPORT,1
AB1c,8:30:00,8:35:00,BULLFROG,2
AB1d,8:30:00,8:30:00,BEATTY_AIRPORT,1
AB1d,8:40:00,8:45:00,BULLFROG,2
trips.txt
route_id,service_id,trip_id,trip_headsign,direction_id,block_id,shape_id
AB,FULLW,AB1a,to Bullfrog,0,1,A_shp
AB,FULLW,AB1b,to Bullfrog,0,1,A_shp
AB,FULLW,AB1c,to Bullfrog,0,1,A_shp
AB,FULLW,AB1d,to Bullfrog,0,1,A_shp
frequencies.txt
(empty)
After
stop_times.txt
trip_id,arrival_time,departure_time,stop_id,stop_sequence
AB1a,8:00:00,8:00:00,BEATTY_AIRPORT,1
AB1a,8:10:00,8:15:00,BULLFROG,2
trips.txt
route_id,service_id,trip_id,trip_headsign,direction_id,block_id,shape_id
AB,FULLW,AB1a,to Bullfrog,0,1,A_shp
frequencies.txt
trip_id,start_time,end_time,headway_secs,exact_times
AB1a,8:00:00,8:40:00,600,1
Route duplicate remover
Removes duplicate routes (routes that have the same attributes and the same fare rules), updates references in trips.txt
and deletes redundant rules in fare_rules.txt
as well.
Flags
-R
: remove route duplicates
Modifies
routes.txt
, trips.txt
, fare_rules.txt
Example
Before
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_desc,route_type,route_url,route_color,route_text_color
AB,DTA,10,Airport - Bullfrog,,3,,,
BFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,,3,,,
CFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,,3,,,
fare_rules.txt
fare_id,route_id,origin_id,destination_id,contains_id
p,AB,,,
p,BFC,,,
p,CFC,,,
After
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_type
AB,DTA,10,Airport - Bullfrog,3
CFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,3
fare_rules.txt
fare_id,route_id
p,AB
p,CFC
Service duplicate remover
Removes duplicate services (services that cover the same set of dates) and updates references.
Flags
-C
: remove duplicate services in calendar.txt and calendar_dates.txt
Modifies
calendar_dates.txt
, calendar.txt
, trips.txt
Example
Before
calendar_dates.txt
service_id,date,exception_type
B,20160815,1
B,20160816,1
B,20160817,1
B,20160818,1
B,20160819,1
B,20160820,1
calendar.txt
service_id,monday,tuesday,wednesday,thursday,friday,saturday,sunday,start_date,end_date
A,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,20160814,20160821
After
calendar_dates.txt
(empty)
calendar.txt
service_id,monday,tuesday,wednesday,thursday,friday,saturday,sunday,start_date,end_date
A,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,20160814,20160821
Shape duplicate remover
Removes duplicate shapes and updates references in trips.txt
. Shape equality testing is done with a simple heuristic which resembles the Fréchet-Distance but is faster. The check never underestimates the distance between two shapes, but overestimates it for shapes with total distances that are >>
the max distance. This processor implicitely calls the shape remeasurer.
Flags
-S
: remove shape duplicates
Modifies
shapes.txt
, trips.txt
Example
Before
shapes.txt
shape_id,shape_pt_lat,shape_pt_lon,shape_pt_sequence,shape_dist_traveled
A_shp,0,0,1,0
A_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.831
A_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
A_shp,2,1,4,26.315065
A_shp,3,1,5,36.76
A_shp,3.5,1,6,42.910156
B_shp,0,0,1,0
B_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.831
B_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
B_shp,2,1,4,26.315065
B_shp,3,1,5,36.75
B_shp,3.500005,1,6,42.91
After
shapes.txt
shape_id,shape_pt_lat,shape_pt_lon,shape_pt_sequence,shape_dist_traveled
B_shp,0,0,1,0
B_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.831
B_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
B_shp,2,1,4,26.315065
B_shp,3,1,5,36.75
B_shp,3.500005,1,6,42.91
Shape remeasurer
Remeasures shapes and fills measurement gaps.
Flags
-m
: remeasure shapes (filling measurement-holes)
Modifies
shapes.txt
Example:
Before
shapes.txt
shape_id,shape_pt_lat,shape_pt_lon,shape_pt_sequence,shape_dist_traveled
A_shp,0,0,1,
A_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.8310
A_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
A_shp,2,1,4
A_shp,3,1,5,36.76
A_shp,3.5,1,6,
After
shapes.txt
shape_id,shape_pt_lat,shape_pt_lon,shape_pt_sequence,shape_dist_traveled
A_shp,0,0,1,0
A_shp,0.6,0.5,2,6.831
A_shp,1,1,3,15.8765
A_shp,2,1,4,26.315065
A_shp,3,1,5,36.76
A_shp,3.5,1,6,42.910156
Set erroneous values to standard defaults
If optional field values of feed entries have errors, this processors sets them to the default values specified in the GTFS standard.
Flags
-e
: if non-required fields have errors, fall back to the default values
Modifies
Every file, if errors are present.
Example:
Before
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_desc,route_type,route_url,route_color,route_text_color
AB,DTAoopserror,10,Airport - Bullfrog,,3,,,
BFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,,3,,,
STBA,DTA,30,Stagecoach - Airport Shuttle,,3,,,
CITY,DTA,40,City,,3,,,
AAMV,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,,3,,,
AAMV2,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,,3,,,
After
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_type
CITY,DTA,40,City,3
AAMV,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,3
AAMV2,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,3
AB,,10,Airport - Bullfrog,3
BFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,3
STBA,DTA,30,Stagecoach - Airport Shuttle,3
Drop erroneous entries
If feed entries have errors that can't be fixed in any other way (e.g. by -e
), this processor completely removes them. This cascades through the entire feed: if an erroneous route is deleted, all trips that refer to this route are also deleted, all stop times for trips referencing this route are deleted as well and so on. You effectively get an error-free subset of the input feed.
Flags:
-D
: drop erroneous entries from feed
Modifies:
Every file, if errors are present.
Example:
Before
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_desc,route_type,route_url,route_color,route_text_color
AB,DTAoopserror,10,Airport - Bullfrog,,3,,,
BFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,,3,,,
STBA,DTA,30,Stagecoach - Airport Shuttle,,3,,,
CITY,DTA,40,City,,3,,,
AAMV,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,,3,,,
AAMV2,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,,3,,,
After
routes.txt
route_id,agency_id,route_short_name,route_long_name,route_type
CITY,DTA,40,City,3
AAMV,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,3
AAMV2,DTA,50,Airport - Amargosa Valley,3
BFC,DTA,20,Bullfrog - Furnace Creek Resort,3
STBA,DTA,30,Stagecoach - Airport Shuttle,3
6. Processing order
The order in which feed processors are called is always the same, regardless of the flag ordering. The processors are run in this order:
- Default erroneous values (
-e
) - Drop erroneous entries (
-D
) - Remove orphans (
-O
) - Remeasure shapes (
-m
) - Minimize shapes (
-s
) - Remove shape duplicates (
-S
) - Remove route duplicates (
-R
) - Remove service duplicates (
-C
) - Minimize services (
-c
) - Minimize stop-times/trips (
-T
) - Minimize IDs (
-i
or-d
)
7. License
GPL v2, see LICENSE