Awesome

😍 Key Features

or more like a todo list

• Fast & easy to code!
• Caching & Pre-compilation
• Transpiles to JavaScript for Client-Side Rendering
• Supports embeddable code json, js, yaml, css
• Built-in Browser Sync & Reload
• Output Minifier
• Written in Nim language 👑

Tim as a Package: For developers looking to incorporate Tim's power into their projects, Tim Engine is also available for Nim development as a Nimble package and for JavaScript developers as a native Node.js & Bun .addon. This allows you to seamlessly integrate Tim compilation within your existing workflow, empowering you to leverage Tim's capabilities directly within your codebase.<br>

Other features

• Available for Nim development via Nimble nimble install tim
• Available for JavaScript backend via NPM npm install @openpeeps/tim
• Built-in AST Interpreter & JIT Rendering

Standalone CLI App<br> This user-friendly command-line interface allows you to easily compile Tim code directly to your desired target source code. Simply provide your Tim code as input, and the CLI will output the equivalent code in Nim, JavaScript, Ruby, or Python.

Other features

• Available for Linux, MacOS and Windows
• Built-in real-time Server-Side Rendering SSR via ZeroMQ

Quick Example

div.container > div.row > div.col-lg-7.mx-auto
  h1.display-3.fw-bold: "Tim is Awesome"
  a href="https://github.com/openpeeps/tim" title="This is hot!": "Check Tim on GitHub"

👉 Tim Syntax Highlighting plugins<br> VSCode Extension | Sublime Text 4

Tim in action

Check /example folder to better understand Tim's structure. Also check the generated HTML file

Template structure

Tim has its own little filesystem that continuously monitors .timl for changes/creation or deletion. Here is a basic filesystem structure:

storage/
  ast/
    # auto-generated
    # for storing pre-compiled binary .ast nodes
  html/
    # auto-generated
    # for storing html files from static templates
templates/
  layouts/ # main place for layouts. (create the directory manually)
    base.timl
    customer.timl
  partials/ # main place for storing partials (create the directory manually)
    product/
      price.timl
      cta.timl
  views/ # main place for storing views (create the directory manually)
    customer.timl
    products.timl
    product.timl

Client-Side Rendering

Tim Engine seamlessly shifts rendering to the client side for dynamic interactions, using the intuitive @client block statement.

body
  section#contact > div.container
    div.row > div.col-12 > h3.fw-bold: "Leave a message"
    div#commentForm

  @client target="#commentForm"
    form method="POST" action="/submitComment"
      div.form-floating
        input.form-control type="text" name="username"
          placeholder="Your name" autocomplete="off" required=""
        label: "Your name"
  
      div.form-floating.my-3
        textarea.form-control name="message" style="height: 140px" required="": "Your message"
        label: "Your message"
      div.text-center > button.btn.btn-dark.px-4.rounded-pill type="submit": "Submit your message"
  @end

Data

Tim provides 3 types of data storages. Global and Local as JsonNode objects for handling immutable data from the app to your timl templates, and Template based data at template level using Tim's built-in AST-based interpreter.

1. Global data can be passed at precompile-time and is made available globally for all layouts, views and partials.<br> Note: Using $app in a template will mark it as JIT.

timl.precompile(
  global = %*{
    "year": parseInt(now().format("yyyy"))
  }
)

Accessing global data can be done using the $app constant:

footer > div.container > div.row > div.col-12
  small: "© " & $app.year & " — Made by Humans from OpenPeeps"

2. Local data can be passed to a template from route's callback (controller). The constant $this can be used to access data from the local storage.<br> Note: Using $this in a template will mark it as JIT.

timl.render("index", local = %*{
  loggedin: true,
  username: "Johnny Boy"
})

if $this.loggedin:
  h1.fw-bold: "Hello, " & $this.username
  a href="/logout": "Log out"
else:
  h1: "Hello!"
  a href="/login": "Please login to view this page"

3. Template variables can be declared inside templates using var or const. The only difference between these two is that constants are immutable and requires initialization.

The scope of a declared variable is limited to the branch in which it was declared.

var a = 1       // a global scoped variable
if $a == 1:
  var b = 2     // a block-scoped variable
  echo $a + b   // prints 3
echo $b         // error, undeclared variable

Template variables are known at compile time. So the final output is generated as .html. If the assigned value comes from local or global storage, then it will automatically trigger the JIT flag and the final result will be saved as .ast

Data types

Supported datatypes: string, int, float, bool, array, object

var a = "Hello"
var b = 10
var c = 10.5 
var d = true

var e = []      // init an empty array
var f = {}      // init an empty object

Math

Math is cool.

var x = 2 * 2 - 1.5
echo $x  // 2.5

Debug

Sometimes you want to know what the heck is going on! For debug reasons you can use echo to print data.

echo "Hello, World!"
echo $this.weirdThing

Also, Tim provides an assert command so you can unit test your code.

var x = "Tim is awesome, right?"
assert $x.type == string
assert $x == "Tim is awesome, right?"

Note, assert commands are cleared when in release mode

Function

fn say(x: string): string // forward declaration

fn say(x: string): string =
  return "Hello, " & $x

echo say("Pantzini!")
echo say "Pantzini"       // this works too

// function overloading works too
fn say(x: int): int = 
  return $x * 1

echo say(1)
h1 > span: say(2)

Conditionals

var x = 1
if $x == 1 and $x > 0:
  span: "one"
elif $x == 0 or $x < 1:
  span: "zero"
else:
  span: "nope"

For loop

var boxes = [
  {
    title: "Chimney Sweep"
    description: "Once feared for the soot they carried,
      these skilled climbers cleaned fireplaces to prevent
      fires and improve indoor air quality" 
  }
  {
    title: "Town Crier"
    description: "With booming voices and ringing bells,
      they delivered news and announcements in the days
      before mass media"
  }
  {
    title: "Ratcatcher"
    description: "These pest controllers faced smelly
      challenges, but their work helped prevent the
      spread of diseases like the plague"
  }
]

div.container > div.row.mb-3
  div.col-12 > h3.fw-bold: "Forgotten Professions"
  for $box in $boxes:
    div.col-lg-4 > div.card > div.card-body
      div.card-title.fw-bold.h4: $box.title
      p.card-text: $box.description

While loops

var
  i = 0
  x = ["fork", "work", "push"]
while $i < $x.high:
  span: $x[$i]
  inc $i

break command can be used in for and while loops to immediately leave the loop body

for $c in "hello":
  echo $x
  break

Escaping

todo

Embed Code

Tim integrates a variety of embeddable code formats, including: JavaScript, YAML/JSON and CSS

JavaScript block

@js
  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    console.log("Hello, hello, hello!")
  });
@end

JSON block

Note that JSON and YAML blocks requires identification, a #someIdent is required after @json or @yaml

@json#sayHelloJson
{"hello": "hello"}
@end

YAML block

Tim can parse and validate YAML contents.

@yaml#sayHelloYaml
hello: "hello"
@end

CSS

todo

Placeholders

todo

Standard Library

Tim provides a built-in standard library of functions and small utilities:<br> std/system (loaded by default), std/[os, strings, arrays, objects, math]

// std/system
fn random*(max: int): int
fn len*(x: string): int
fn encode*(x: string): string
fn decode*(x: string): string
fn toString*(x: int): string
fn timl*(code: string): string

// std/math
fn ceil*(x: float): float
fn floor*(x: float): float
fn max*(x: int, y: int): int
fn min*(x: int, y: int): int
fn round*(x: float): float
fn hypot*(x: float, y: float): float
fn log*(x: float, base: float): float
fn pow*(x: float, y: float): float
fn sqrt*(x: float): float
fn cos*(x: float): float
fn sin*(x: float): float
fn tan*(x: float): float
fn acos*(x: float): float
fn asin*(x: float): float
fn rad2deg*(d: float): float
fn deg2rad*(d: float): float
fn atan*(x: float): float
fn atan2*(x: float, y: float): float
fn trunc*(x: float): float

// std/strings
fn endsWith*(s: string, suffix: string): bool
fn startsWith*(s: string, prefix: string): bool
fn capitalize*(s: string): string
fn replace*(s: string, sub: string, by: string): string
fn toLower*(s: string): string
fn contains*(s: string, sub: string): bool
fn parseBool*(s: string): bool
fn parseInt*(s: string): int
fn parseFloat*(s: string): float
fn format*(s: string, a: array): string

// std/arrays
fn contains*(x: array, item: string): bool
fn add*(x: array, item: string): void
fn shift*(x: array): void
fn pop*(x: array): void
fn shuffle*(x: array): void
fn join*(x: array, sep: string): string
fn delete*(x: array, pos: int): void
fn find*(x: array, item: string): int

// std/os
fn absolutePath*(path: string): string
fn dirExists*(path: string): bool
fn fileExists*(path: string): bool
fn normalize*(path: string): string
fn getFilename*(path: string): string
fn isAbsolute*(path: string): bool
fn readFile*(path: string): string
fn isRelative*(path: string, base: string): bool
fn getCurrentDir*(): string
fn join*(head: string, tail: string): string
fn parentDir*(path: string): string
fn walkFiles*(path: string): array

Browser Sync & Reload

Compile your project with -d:timHotCode flag, then connect to Tim's WebSocket server to auto reload the page when there are changes on disk.<br> Note that this feature is not available when compiling with -d:release.

The internal websocket returns "1" when detecting changes, otherwise "0"

  {
    function connectWatchoutServer() {      
      const watchout = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:6502/ws');
      watchout.addEventListener('message', (e) => {
        if(e.data == '1') location.reload()
      });
      watchout.addEventListener('close', () => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          console.log('Watchout WebSocket is closed. Try again...')
          connectWatchoutServer()
        }, 300)
      })
    }
    connectWatchoutServer()
  }

Syntax Extensions

• VSCode Extension available in VS Marketplace (Thanks to Cletus Igwe)
• Sublime Syntax package available in /editors

❤ Contributions & Support

• 🐛 Found a bug? Create a new Issue
• 👋 Wanna help? Fork it!
• 🎉 Spread the word! Tell your friends about Tim Engine
• ⚽️ Play with Tim Engine in your next web-project
• 😎 Get €20 in cloud credits from Hetzner
• 🥰 Donate via PayPal address

🎩 License

Tim Engine | LGPLv3 license. Made by Humans from OpenPeeps.<br> Copyright © 2024 OpenPeeps & Contributors — All rights reserved.