Awesome
Ontologies
Never manage a namespace object map again, scrap typo's for well-known ontologies. Like DefinitelyTyped, but for ontologies.
Usage
@ontologies/core
When working with RDF (linked data) ontologies are very important, but being able to quickly create
and work with the fundamental building blocks of RDF is equally important. @ontologies/core
exports
an object (data factory) which aims to to just that.
Assuming the following import in the examples:
import rdf from "@ontologies/core"
Create literals
// Strings
rdf.literal("Hello world!")
// { termType: "Literal", value: "Hello World!", datatype: { termType: "NamedNode", value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string" } }
// Numbers
rdf.literal(9001)
// { termType: "Literal", value: "9001", datatype: { termType: "NamedNode", value: "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer" } }
Most JS literals will be mapped to their RDF (xsd) counterparts, passing the datatype explicitly is also possible. Please note that data types in RDF must be IRIs.
rdf.literal("(5,2)", rdf.namedNode("http://example.com/types/myCoordinate"))
// { termType: "Literal", value: "(5,2)", datatype: { termType: "NamedNode", value: "http://example.com/types/myCoordinate" } }
Create links
Use namedNode
to create links to other resources which have been named, meaning an authority has
given the resource a fixed identifier on their domain. This can be a resource on the web (e.g.
http:
, https:
) but also in the internet (e.g. ftp:
or magnet:
) or elsewhere (e.g. urn:isbn:
or doi:
). Note that choosing schemes which are widely deployed (e.g. https:
) will allow others
easier access to find, access, and share your data.
rdf.namedNode("https://schema.org/Thing")
// { termType: "NamedNode", value: "https://schema.org/Thing" }
rdf.namedNode("https://example.com/myDocument#paragraph")
// { termType: "NamedNode", value: "https://example.com/myDocument#paragraph" }
rdf.namedNode("urn:isbn:978-0-201-61622-4")
// { termType: "NamedNode", value: "urn:isbn:978-0-201-61622-4" }
Cool iris don't change, but designing systems is difficult, so there will be resources which don't have their own name or are too expensive to assign a name. This is where blank nodes can be used, these are resources as well, but with "an identifier yet to be assigned". This is a bit of a tricky way of saying "it thing has a name, but I don't know it yet".
// Create blank nodes (links which have no place in the web yet)
rdf.blankNode()
// { termType: "BlankNode", value: "b0" }
rdf.blankNode("fixed")
// { termType: "BlankNode", value: "fixed" }
Note that most of the time blank nodes can be replaced with fragment (#
) IRIs without much trouble.
{
"@id": "http://example.com/myCollection",
"members": {
"@id": "http://example.com/myCollection#members", // Append `#members` to the base rather than use a blank node
"@type": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Seq",
"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_0": "First item",
"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_1": "Second item",
"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#_2": "Third item",
}
}
Create statements
// Create quads (Statements about some thing in the world)
rdf.quad(s, p, o)
// { subject: <s>, predicate: <p>, object: <o>, graph: <defaultGraph> }
// Compare rdf objects
import { Thing } from "@ontologies/schema";
console.log(rdf.equals(rdf.namedNode("https://schema.org/Thing"), Thing))
// true
// Serialize to n-triples/quads
console.log(rdf.toNQ())
Other exports
Overview of the exports of @ontologies/core;
- A default export which is a proxy to the currently assigned global Data Factory.
- A named export
globalSymbol
which is a symbol to identify the Data Factory used by the other @ontologies/ packages to create rdf objects with. - A named export
setup
which binds the PlainFactory to the global scope under the globalSymbol identifier if it was previously undefined. - A named export
globalFactory
which should be a reference to the last . - A named export
PlainFactory
which implements the Data Factory interface (with slight adjustments) in a functional way (e.g. no instance methods, but provides anequals
function on the factory itself). - A named export
createNS
which you can use to create namespaces with which ease NamedNode creation using the global factory. - A small set of types useful for working with RDF.
@ontologies/*
The other packages are generated from their respective ontologies, providing client applications with
importable symbols and a named export ns
with which custom additional terms can be created within
the given namespace.
import { name } from '@ontologies/schema'
console.log(name) // http://schema.org/name
All terms
import * as schema from '@ontologies/schema'
console.log(schema.name) // http://schema.org/name
Custom terms
import { ns } from '@ontologies/schema'
console.log(ns('extension')) // http://schema.org/extension
Use .value
for the string representation
import { name } from '@ontologies/schema'
console.log(name.value) // "http://schema.org/name"
Overriding the default factory
The default factory used is the PlainFactory
from this package. This is a factory which should
suffice most needs, but certain JS RDF libraries expect more methods to be available on the factory.
It is possible to override the factory with a custom one.
Initialize a custom factory by calling setup()
from @ontologies/core
import { setup } from "@ontologies/core";
import myFactory from "./myFactory";
setup(new myFactory);
Library authors who want to provide an alternate default than the PlainFactory but who don't want to override the end-users setting can soft-override the factory;
import { setup } from "@ontologies/core";
import LibFactory from "./LibFactory";
setup(new LibFactory(), false); // Passing false will override the default but not a user-set factory.
Help, my factory isn't loaded!
Chances are you have called setup
too late in the module initialization cycle. Be sure to;
- Move the setup call in a separate file.
- Don't import any package using the default export from
@ontologies/core
in that file. - Import that file before any other import which uses default export from
@ontologies/core
in that file.
Non-js symbols
Dashes in term names are replaced with underscores. The default export contains both the verbatim and the underscored values.
import dcterms, { ISO639_2 } from '@ontologies'
console.log(ISO639_2) // NamedNode(http://purl.org/dc/terms/ISO639-2)
console.log(dcterms.ISO639_2) // NamedNode(http://purl.org/dc/terms/ISO639-2)
console.log(dcterms['ISO639-2']) // NamedNode(http://purl.org/dc/terms/ISO639-2)
Collisions with ES reserved keywords
If a term collides with an ES 5/6 reserved keyword or certain built-in classes, the term is prepended with the symbol of the ontology:
import { name, schemayield } from '@ontologies/schema'
// 'name' is not a JS reserved keyword
console.log(name.value) // "http://schema.org/name"
// 'yield' is a reserved keyword, so the package name is prepended to the js identifier.
console.log(schemayield.value) // "http://schema.org/yield"