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Obelisk

Haskell Programming Language BSD3 License

<p align="center"><img src="docs/obelisk-logo-640.png" width="50%" alt="Obelisk Logo"></p>

Functional reactive web and mobile applications, with batteries included. Obelisk's goal is to represent a cohesive, highly-curated set of choices that Obsidian Systems has made for building these types of applications in a way that is extremely fast but does not compromise on production readiness.

Overview

Obelisk allows you to build high-quality web and mobile applications very quickly using Reflex. In minutes you can go from an empty directory to an interactive application that works on web, iOS, and Android, all sharing the same Haskell codebase! Obelisk's development environment also enables extremely rapid development and feedback. You can take advantage of Haskell's type system across the frontend and backend boundary. This means changes to your backend that would break your frontend are immediately detected during development and vice versa. Obelisk uses Haskell's compiler to give you a complete "TODO list" of what needs to be updated.

Obelisk is targeted primarily at Haskell developers who want to build high-quality web and/or mobile applications in Haskell, without the distractions of manually choosing and integrating technology for every piece of the system.

Who should consider using it?

Obelisk assumes basic knowledge of Haskell and Reflex/Reflex-DOM, web technologies like HTML and CSS, and a terminal shell like Bash. Knowledge of Nix helps but is not strictly necessary.

Installing Obelisk

  1. Install Nix. If you already have Nix installed, make sure you have version 2.0 or higher. To check your current version, run nix-env --version.
  2. Set up nix caches
    1. If you are running NixOS, add this to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix: 
      nix.binaryCaches = [ "https://nixcache.reflex-frp.org" ];
nix.binaryCachePublicKeys = [ "ryantrinkle.com-1:JJiAKaRv9mWgpVAz8dwewnZe0AzzEAzPkagE9SP5NWI=" ];
      and rebuild your NixOS configuration (e.g. sudo nixos-rebuild switch).
    2. If you are using another operating system or Linux distribution, ensure that these lines are present in your Nix configuration file (/etc/nix/nix.conf on most systems; see full list): 
      binary-caches = https://cache.nixos.org https://nixcache.reflex-frp.org
binary-cache-public-keys = cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= ryantrinkle.com-1:JJiAKaRv9mWgpVAz8dwewnZe0AzzEAzPkagE9SP5NWI=
binary-caches-parallel-connections = 40
      • If you're on a Linux distribution other than NixOS, enable sandboxing (see these issue 172 or issue 6 if you run into build problems) by adding the following: 
        sandbox = true
        then restart the nix daemon 
        sudo systemctl restart nix-daemon
      • If you're on MacOS, disable sandboxing (there are still some impure dependencies for now) by adding the following: 
        sandbox = false
        then restart the nix daemon 
        sudo launchctl stop org.nixos.nix-daemon
sudo launchctl start org.nixos.nix-daemon
  3. Install obelisk: 
    nix-env -f https://github.com/obsidiansystems/obelisk/archive/master.tar.gz -iA command

Accessing private repositories

To allow the Nix builder to access private git repositories, you must be set up to access them via SSH. Follow these steps depending on the platform you need access to:

Developing an Obelisk project

To create a new Obelisk project, go to an empty directory and run:

ob init

Obelisk leverages ghcid to provide a live-reloading server that handles both frontend and backend. To run your Obelisk app and monitor the source for changes:

ob run

Now, with an appropriate browser, go to http://localhost:8000 (or the address/port specified in config/common/route) to access your app. Firefox will not be able to properly run the development website due to issue 460. Fortunately, this problem does not occur on a fully built website.

Every time you change the Haskell source files in frontend, common or backend, ob run will automatically recompile the modified files and reload the server. Furthermore, it will display on screen compilation errors and warnings if any.

Local Hoogle

Obelisk can also provide a local Hoogle server that lets you browse and search the types and documentation for all of the dependencies in your entire Obelisk application. To start the Hoogle server, in a spare terminal run the following command from the root of your Obelisk application:

$ ob hoogle

You can then access your local Hoogle from your web browser at http://localhost:8080, or by instructing an editor plugin to use that address.

Adding packages

In order to add package dependencies, declare them under the build-depends field in the appropriate cabal files (backend, common, and frontend each have their own). The corresponding Nix packages will automatically be selected when building.

Adding package overrides

To add a version override to any Haskell package, or to add a Haskell package that doesn't exist in the nixpkgs used by Obelisk, use the overrides attribute in your project's default.nix. For example, to use a specific version of the aeson package fetched from GitHub and a specific version of the waargonaut package fetched from Hackage, your default.nix will look like:

# ...
project ./. ({ pkgs, ... }: {
# ...
  overrides = self: super: let
    aesonSrc = pkgs.fetchFromGitHub {
      owner = "obsidiansystems";
      repo = "aeson-gadt-th";
      rev = "ed573c2cccf54d72aa6279026752a3fecf9c1383";
      sha256 = "08q6rnz7w9pn76jkrafig6f50yd0f77z48rk2z5iyyl2jbhcbhx3";
    };
  in
  {
    aeson = self.callCabal2nix "aeson" aesonSrc {};
    waargonaut = self.callHackageDirect {
      pkg = "waargonaut";
      ver = "0.8.0.1";
      sha256 = "1zv28np3k3hg378vqm89v802xr0g8cwk7gy3mr77xrzy5jbgpa39";
    } {};
  };
# ...

For further information see the Haskell section of nixpkgs Contributors Guide.

Adding extra local packages

If the standard packages (frontend, backend, and common) are not enough, to add more local Haskell packages, define them with the packages parameter. The sources of these packages will be automatically reloaded by ob run.

# ...
project ./. ({ pkgs, ... }: {
# ...
  packages = {
    another = ./another;
  };
# ...

Running over HTTPS

To run your app locally over HTTPS, update the protocol in config/common/route to https, and then use ob run as normal.

Since Obelisk generates a self-signed certificate for running HTTPS, the browser will issue a warning about using an invalid certificate. On Chrome, you can go to chrome://flags/#allow-insecure-localhost to enable invalid certificates for localhost.

IDE Support

Obelisk officially supports terminal-based feedback (akin to ghcid) in ob run and ob watch.

Using GHC 8.10

Obelisk currently uses GHC 8.10 for projects by default. For legacy GHC 8.6 support, add the following to your project's default.nix:

  { system ? builtins.currentSystem
  , obelisk ? import ./.obelisk/impl {
      inherit system;
+     useGHC810 = false;

Deploying

Default EC2 Deployment

In this section we will demonstrate how to deploy your Obelisk app to an Amazon EC2 instance. Obelisk deployments are configured for EC2 by default (see Custom Non-EC2 Deployment).

Note: Most NixOS EC2 instances should just work regardless of obelisk version

First create a new EC2 instance:

  1. Launch a NixOS 22.05 EC2 instance (we recommend this AMI)
  2. In the instance configuration wizard ensure that your instance has at least 1GB RAM and 10GB disk space.
  3. When prompted save your AWS private key (~/myaws.pem) somewhere safe. We'll need it later during deployment.
  4. Go to "Security Groups", select your instance's security group and under "Inbound" tab add a new rule for HTTP port 80 and HTTPS port 443.

At this stage your instance should be booting and become accessible shortly. Note down the hostname of your EC2 instance.

Now go to your Obelisk project directory (~/code/myapp), and initialize a deployment config (~/code/myapp-deploy): Your project directory must be "thunkable", i.e. something on which ob thunk pack can be called. Usually it will be a git repository whose current revision has been pushed upstream.

An example set of git commands to do this is as follows (Github): Create a repo using Github's UI (Public or Private) then locally use these commands

cd ~/code/myapp
git init
git add .
git commit -m "First Commit!"
git remote add origin git@github.com:username/repo.git
git push --set-upstream origin master

This will make a "thunkable" project that allows deployment to continue

Continuing with deployment commands:

cd ~/code/myapp
SERVER=ec2-35-183-22-197.ca-central-1.compute.amazonaws.com
ROUTE=https://myapp.com   # Publicly accessible route to your app
EMAIL=myname@myapp.com
ob deploy init \
  --ssh-key ~/myaws.pem \
  --hostname $SERVER \
  --route $ROUTE \
  --admin-email $EMAIL \
  ~/code/myapp-deploy

HTTPS is enabled by default; to disable HTTPS pass --disable-https to the ob deploy init command above.

This step will also require that you manually verify the authenticity of the host $SERVER. You can specify that you want ob deploy init to check your ~/.ssh/known_hosts file and save any fingerprints matching the host to the deployment-specific configuration by passing the --check-known-hosts option to the deploy init command. Note that --check-known-hosts only works when there is a single keypair associated with a given host.

REMARK (Security): Obelisk deployments do not rely on the known_hosts of your local machine during deployment, only potentially during the ob deploy init, as previously mentioned. This is because, in the event that you need to switch from one deploy machine / bastion host to another, you want to be absolutely sure that you're still connecting to the machines you think you are, even if that deploy machine / bastion host has never connected to them before. Obelisk explicitly avoids a workflow that encourages people to accept host keys without checking them, since that could result in leaking production secrets to anyone who manages to MITM you, e.g. via DNS spoofing or cache poisoning. Note that an active attack is a circumstance where you may need to quickly switch bastion hosts, e.g. because the attacker has taken one down or you have taken it down in case it was compromised. In this circumstance you might need to deploy to production to fix an exploit or rotate keys, etc. When you run ob deploy later it will rely on the saved verification in this step.

Next, go to the deployment directory that you just initialized and deploy!

cd ~/code/myapp-deploy
ob deploy push

ob deploy push will locally build your app and then transfer it, along with all the Nix package dependencies, via ssh to the EC2 instance. The backend will live in /var/lib/backend.

At this point you are done. Your app will be accessible at ${ROUTE}. The currently deployed version - the git commit hash of the source repo - can be found at ${ROUTE}/version.

Custom Non-EC2 Deployment

By default Obelisk deployments are configured for NixOS machines running on AWS EC2. To provide your own configuration, you need to write a custom module.nix in the deployment repository. This still requires that your server is running NixOS.

module.nix must contain a Nix function that produces a NixOS module function. The top-level function takes deployment configuration as arguments: hostName, adminEmail, routeHost, enableHttps, version, exe, nixosPkgs. Most of these are the values you specified during ob deploy init and are stored in the deployment repository. version is a git hash for the app that you're deploying. exe is the Linux build of the app (as seen in Deploying Locally). nixosPkgs is the package set used to construct the NixOS VM.

The VirtualBox Deployment section provides an example.

VirtualBox Deployment

Here's a module.nix that is configured for deployment to a VirtualBox VM (running NixOS):

{ nixosPkgs, ... }: {...}: {
  imports = [ (nixosPkgs.path + /nixos/modules/virtualisation/virtualbox-image.nix) ];
}

The {...}: and following is the NixOS module definition.

Locally

If you want deploy your application locally or test a production-oriented build you can build and deploy the app as described below.

Build the application:

nix-build -A exe --no-out-link

Copy the result to a new directory, add configuration, and run!

mkdir test-app
ln -s $(nix-build -A exe --no-out-link)/* test-app/
cp -r config test-app
(cd test-app && ./backend)

From macOS

Deploying from macOS requires some extra setup:

Running ob deploy push will give you additional setup instructions.

Deploying an updated version

If you'd like to deploy an updated version (with new commits) of your Obelisk app: simply go to the configuration directory, update the source thunk and push:

cd ~/code/myapp-deploy
ob deploy update
ob deploy push

Host Redirection

A redirect_hosts file can be added in the deployment directory (~/code/myapp-deploy in the example above), allowing you to specify alternative domain names that will redirect to the deployment domain. This feature assumes the apropriate CNAME records have been added with a domain registration service.

Add one domain per line in redirect_hosts. All listed domains will redirect to the publicly accessible domain specified by ob deploy init. For clarity, this is the $ROUTE variable in the EC2 deployment example shown earlier. The following is an example of a ~/code/myapp-deploy/redirect_hosts file:

www.foo.com
www.bar.com

Caveat: Your https certificates will cover all your domains automatically, although you may need to force a recertification manually. We assume you have root access to the deployment EC2 instance. Continuing from the ob init deploy example above:

ssh root@ec2-35-183-22-197.ca-central-1.compute.amazonaws.com

EMAIL=myname@myapp.com
ROUTE_TO=myapp.com
ROUTE_FROM=foo.com
ROUTE_FROM_2=bar.com
/nix/store/`ls /nix/store | grep lego`/bin/lego \
  -d $ROUTE_TO \
  --email $EMAIL \
  --path . \
  --key-type ec256 \
  --accept-tos \
  -d $ROUTE_FROM \
  -d $ROUTE_FROM_2 \
  --http \
  --http.webroot /var/lib/acme/acme-challenge run

Mobile

Until Obelisk offers a ob deploy equivalent for mobile apps, you are recommended to do it manually as follows.

iOS

First time setup

Development on iOS requires a computer running macOS and an iOS developer account. Your account must also belong to an Apple Developer Team, if you want to access developer portal links (otherwise they'll redirect to your account page).

iPhone
  1. Connect the iPhone on which you'd like to run builds - this will open up iTunes.
  2. Click accept to authorize on both the computer and the iPhone.
Xcode

Install Xcode 11.2 (contains iOS SDK 13.2) and open it so that it runs its post install tool setup.

These versions will work out of the box but iOS SDKs prior to 11.3 should also work. You can choose another installed version in default.nix

More recent Xcodes should also work, as long as one of the SDKs mentioned above has been used. To add another SDK to your current Xcode, download the corresponding Xcode, extract it and copy its SDK folder next to the installed one, e.g.

open -W Xcode_9.2.xip
sudo cp -R Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS.sdk /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS11.2.sdk

You can verify that you have correct versions by running

xcodebuild -showsdks
Certificates

To deploy and/or package apps, you'll need to inform Apple of your development devices and permissions by adding credentials to the correct provisioning profile via the Apple Developer portal.

  1. Open up XCode and go to Preferences - Accounts. Select the organization Member role, click Manage Certificates, and add an iOS Development certificate.
  2. Go to developer portal - devices and add your device. To find your device's UDID, select it in iTunes and click the serial number.
  3. Go to developer portal - development profiles. Create a development profile and add your certificate and device. Click "Generate" and then download and open the profile.

Building

  1. In your project's default.nix set values for ios.bundleIdentifier and ios.bundleName. Ensure that bundleIdentifier matches the App ID of the development profile, or that you are using a wildcard profile.
  2. Run nix-build -A ios.frontend -o result-ios to build the app. Find it at result-ios/frontend.app

Deploying

  1. Connect the registered iPhone.
  2. Find your Apple Team ID in the developer portal.
  3. Run the deploy command with your Team ID:
result-ios/bin/deploy [TEAM_ID]
# or in debug mode via lldb:
result-ios/bin/deploy [TEAM_ID] -d

Packaging

  1. Go to developer portal - distribution profiles. Create and download a distribution profile.
  2. Run the package script with your TEAM ID and your distribution profile to create a .ipa:
result-ios/bin/package [TEAM_ID] /path/to/output/.ipa /path/to/profile/file

Debugging

It's also possible to inspect iOS WkWebView apps once they are installed in the iPhone:

  1. On the desktop, go to Safari > Preferences > Advanced and enable Develop menu.
  2. On the iPhone go to Settings > Safari > Advanced and enable Web Inspector.
  3. Open the app on the iPhone while it is connected to the desktop.
  4. In the desktop's Safari Develop menu, you should see your iPhone. Select the screen under the name of the app.

Android

NOTE: Currently Android builds are only supported on Linux.

  1. In your project's default.nix set a suitable value for android.applicationId and android.displayName.
  2. In your project's default.nix pass config.android_sdk.accept_license = true; in the arguments to the import of of .obelisk/impl to indicate your acceptance of the Android Software Development Kit License Agreement, which is required to build Android apps.
  3. Run nix-build -A android.frontend -o result-android to build the Android app.
  4. A debug version of the app should be generated at result-android/android-app-debug.apk

Now deploy the built apk file to your Android device:

  1. Enable USB debugging in your Android device (instructions here)
  2. Connect the device using USB (be sure to confirm any security prompts on the device)
  3. Run the deploy script: result-android/bin/deploy

Alternatively, you can deploy from an obelisk deployment directory (a directory generated post ob deploy init ... command) using the ob deploy test android command. This command will accomplish the following:

  1. Create a key store and apk signing key (android_keystore.jks)
  2. Build a Signed Android apk for your application
  3. Deploy the Signed apk to your connected Android device

In the event that you change your key or keystore password, you will have to update your credentials within the JSON object found in android_keytool_config.json.

Additional documentation on Java key stores can be found here.

This should copy over and install the application on your device (if you see a "signatures do not match" error, simply uninstall the previous app from the device before retrying the deploy). The name of the installed application will be what you have specified for android.displayName in the default.nix.

Releasing to Play Store

Build a release version

After having configured signing for your app, you may proceed to build a release version of the app. This is no different to how you build the non-release version, so consult the section Android further above for exact instructions on building and deploying to your device.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Refer to FAQ.

Contributing

Contributions and issue reports are encouraged and appreciated! Refer to the Contributing guide for information about getting started.