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KHOOK (خوک) - Linux Kernel hooking engine.

Usage

Include Makefile.khook to your Makefile/Kbuild file:

NODNAME      ?= your-module-name
...
include      /path/to/khook/Makefile.khook
...
$(MODNAME)-y += $(KHOOK_GOALS)
ccflags-y    += $(KHOOK_CCFLAGS)
ldflags-y    += $(KHOOK_LDFLAGS) # use LDFLAGS for old kernels
...

Then, include KHOOK engine header like follows:

#include <khook/engine.h>

Use khook_init(lookup) and khook_cleanup() to initalize and de-initialize hooking engine.

Use khook_lookup_name(sym) to resolve sym address.

Use khook_write_kernel(fn, arg) to write kernel read-only data.

Examples

See the khook_demo folder for examples. Use make to build it.

Hooking of generic kernel functions

An example of hooking a kernel function with known prototype (function is defined in linux/fs.h):

#include <linux/fs.h> // has inode_permission() proto
KHOOK(inode_permission);
static int khook_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask)
{
        int ret = 0;
        ret = KHOOK_ORIGIN(inode_permission, inode, mask);
        printk("%s(%p, %08x) = %d\n", __func__, inode, mask, ret);
        return ret;
}

An example of hooking a kernel function with custom prototype (function is not defined in linux/binfmts.h):

#include <linux/binfmts.h> // has no load_elf_binary() proto
KHOOK_EXT(int, load_elf_binary, struct linux_binprm *);
static int khook_load_elf_binary(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
{
        int ret = 0;
        ret = KHOOK_ORIGIN(load_elf_binary, bprm);
        printk("%s(%p) = %d (%s)\n", __func__, bprm, ret, bprm->filename);
        return ret;
}

Starting from a6e7f394 it's possible to hook a function with big amount of arguments. This requires for KHOOK to make a local copy of N (hardcoded as 8) arguments which are passed through the stack before calling the handler function.

An example of hooking 12 argument function scsi_execute is shown below (see #5 for details):

#include <scsi/scsi_device.h>
KHOOK(scsi_execute);
static int khook_scsi_execute(struct scsi_device *sdev, const unsigned char *cmd, int data_direction, void *buffer, unsigned bufflen, unsigned char *sense, struct scsi_sense_hdr *sshdr, int timeout, int retries, u64 flags, req_flags_t rq_flags, int *resid)
{
        int ret = 0;
        ret = KHOOK_ORIGIN(scsi_execute, sdev, cmd, data_direction, buffer, bufflen, sense, sshdr, timeout, retries, flags, rq_flags, resid);
        printk("%s(%lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx, %lx) = %d\n", __func__, (long)sdev, (long)cmd, (long)data_direction, (long)buffer, (long)bufflen, (long)sense, (long)sshdr, (long)timeout, (long)retries, (long)flags, (long)rq_flags, (long)resid ,ret);
        return ret;
}

Starting from f996ce39 it's possible to hook x86-32 kernels as correct trampoline has been implemented.

Hooking of system calls (handler functions)

An example of hooking kill(2) system call handler (see #3 for the details):

// long sys_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
KHOOK_EXT(long, sys_kill, long, long);
static long khook_sys_kill(long pid, long sig) {
        printk("sys_kill -- %s pid %ld sig %ld\n", current->comm, pid, sig);
        return KHOOK_ORIGIN(sys_kill, pid, sig);
}

// long sys_kill(const struct pt_regs *regs) -- modern kernels
KHOOK_EXT(long, __x64_sys_kill, const struct pt_regs *);
static long khook___x64_sys_kill(const struct pt_regs *regs) {
        printk("sys_kill -- %s pid %ld sig %ld\n", current->comm, regs->di, regs->si);
        return KHOOK_ORIGIN(__x64_sys_kill, regs);
}

Features

• x86 only
• 2.6.33+ kernels
• use of in-kernel length disassembler
• ready-to-use submodule with no external deps

How it works?

The diagram below illustrates the call to function X without hooking:

CALLER
| ...
| CALL X -(1)---> X
| ...  <----.     | ...
` RET       |     ` RET -.
            `--------(2)-'

The diagram below illustrates the call to function X when KHOOK is used:

CALLER
| ...
| CALL X -(1)---> X
| ...  <----.     | JUMP -(2)----> khook_X_stub
` RET       |     | ???            | INCR use_count
            |     | ...  <----.    | CALL handler   -(3)----> khook_X
            |     | ...       |    | DECR use_count <----.    | ...
            |     ` RET -.    |    ` RET -.              |    | CALL origin -(4)----> khook_X_orig
            |            |    |           |              |    | ...  <----.           | N bytes of X
            |            |    |           |              |    ` RET -.    |           ` JMP X + N -.
            `------------|----|-------(8)-'              '-------(7)-'    |                        |
                         |    `-------------------------------------------|--------------------(5)-'
                         `-(6)--------------------------------------------'

License

This software is licensed under the GPL.

Author

Ilya V. Matveychikov

2018, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023, 2024