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Fast, minimal glob matcher for node.js. Similar to micromatch, minimatch and multimatch, but complete Bash 4.3 wildcard support only (no support for exglobs, posix brackets or braces)

Please consider following this project's author, Jon Schlinkert, and consider starring the project to show your :heart: and support.

Table of Contents

<details> <summary><strong>Details</strong></summary> </details>

Install

Install with npm:

$ npm install --save nanomatch
<details> <summary><strong>Release history</strong></summary>

History

key

Changelog entries are classified using the following labels (from keep-a-changelog):

1.1.0 - 2017-04-11

Fixed

Added

1.0.4 - 2017-04-06

Housekeeping updates. Adds documentation section about escaping, cleans up utils.

1.0.3 - 2017-04-06

This release includes fixes for windows path edge cases and other improvements for stricter adherence to bash spec.

Fixed

Added

1.0.1 - 2016-12-12

Added

1.0.0 - 2016-12-12

Stable release.

[0.1.0] - 2016-10-08

First release.

</details>

What is nanomatch?

Nanomatch is a fast and accurate glob matcher with full support for standard Bash glob features, including the following "metacharacters": *, **, ? and [...].

Learn more

<details> <summary><strong>How is this different?</strong></summary>

Speed and accuracy

Nanomatch uses snapdragon for parsing and compiling globs, which results in:

Basic globbing only

Nanomatch supports basic globbing only, which is limited to *, **, ? and regex-like brackets.

If you need support for the other bash "expansion" types (in addition to the wildcard matching provided by nanomatch), consider using micromatch instead. (micromatch >=3.0.0 uses the nanomatch parser and compiler for basic glob matching)

</details>

Getting started

Installing nanomatch

Install with yarn

$ yarn add nanomatch

Install with npm

$ npm install nanomatch

Usage

Add nanomatch to your project using node's require() system:

var nanomatch = require('nanomatch');

// the main export is a function that takes an array of strings to match
// and a string or array of patterns to use for matching
nanomatch(list, patterns[, options]);

Params

Examples

var nm = require('nanomatch');
console.log(nm(['a', 'b/b', 'c/c/c'], '*'));
//=> ['a']

console.log(nm(['a', 'b/b', 'c/c/c'], '*/*'));
//=> ['b/b']

console.log(nm(['a', 'b/b', 'c/c/c'], '**'));
//=> ['a', 'b/b', 'c/c/c']

See the API documentation for available methods and options.

Documentation

Escaping

Backslashes and quotes can be used to escape characters, forcing nanomatch to regard those characters as a literal characters.

Backslashes

Use backslashes to escape single characters. For example, the following pattern would match foo/*/bar exactly:

'foo/\*/bar'

The following pattern would match foo/ followed by a literal *, followed by zero or more of any characters besides /, followed by /bar.

'foo/\**/bar'

Quoted strings

Use single or double quotes to escape sequences of characters. For example, the following patterns would match foo/**/bar exactly:

'foo/"**"/bar'
'foo/\'**\'/bar'
"foo/'**'/bar"

Matching literal quotes

If you need to match quotes literally, you can escape them as well. For example, the following will match foo/"*"/bar, foo/"a"/bar, foo/"b"/bar, or foo/"c"/bar:

'foo/\\"*\\"/bar'

And the following will match foo/'*'/bar, foo/'a'/bar, foo/'b'/bar, or foo/'c'/bar:

'foo/\\\'*\\\'/bar'

API

nanomatch

The main function takes a list of strings and one or more glob patterns to use for matching.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm(list, patterns[, options]);

console.log(nm(['a.js', 'a.txt'], ['*.js']));
//=> [ 'a.js' ]

.match

Similar to the main function, but pattern must be a string.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.match(list, pattern[, options]);

console.log(nm.match(['a.a', 'a.aa', 'a.b', 'a.c'], '*.a'));
//=> ['a.a', 'a.aa']

.isMatch

Returns true if the specified string matches the given glob pattern.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.isMatch(string, pattern[, options]);

console.log(nm.isMatch('a.a', '*.a'));
//=> true
console.log(nm.isMatch('a.b', '*.a'));
//=> false

.some

Returns true if some of the elements in the given list match any of the given glob patterns.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.some(list, patterns[, options]);

console.log(nm.some(['foo.js', 'bar.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// true
console.log(nm.some(['foo.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false

.every

Returns true if every element in the given list matches at least one of the given glob patterns.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.every(list, patterns[, options]);

console.log(nm.every('foo.js', ['foo.js']));
// true
console.log(nm.every(['foo.js', 'bar.js'], ['*.js']));
// true
console.log(nm.every(['foo.js', 'bar.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false
console.log(nm.every(['foo.js'], ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false

.any

Returns true if any of the given glob patterns match the specified string.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.any(string, patterns[, options]);

console.log(nm.any('a.a', ['b.*', '*.a']));
//=> true
console.log(nm.any('a.a', 'b.*'));
//=> false

.all

Returns true if all of the given patterns match the specified string.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.all(string, patterns[, options]);

console.log(nm.all('foo.js', ['foo.js']));
// true

console.log(nm.all('foo.js', ['*.js', '!foo.js']));
// false

console.log(nm.all('foo.js', ['*.js', 'foo.js']));
// true

console.log(nm.all('foo.js', ['*.js', 'f*', '*o*', '*o.js']));
// true

.not

Returns a list of strings that do not match any of the given patterns.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.not(list, patterns[, options]);

console.log(nm.not(['a.a', 'b.b', 'c.c'], '*.a'));
//=> ['b.b', 'c.c']

.contains

Returns true if the given string contains the given pattern. Similar to .isMatch but the pattern can match any part of the string.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.contains(string, pattern[, options]);

console.log(nm.contains('aa/bb/cc', '*b'));
//=> true
console.log(nm.contains('aa/bb/cc', '*d'));
//=> false

.matchKeys

Filter the keys of the given object with the given glob pattern and options. Does not attempt to match nested keys. If you need this feature, use glob-object instead.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.matchKeys(object, patterns[, options]);

var obj = { aa: 'a', ab: 'b', ac: 'c' };
console.log(nm.matchKeys(obj, '*b'));
//=> { ab: 'b' }

.matcher

Returns a memoized matcher function from the given glob pattern and options. The returned function takes a string to match as its only argument and returns true if the string is a match.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.matcher(pattern[, options]);

var isMatch = nm.matcher('*.!(*a)');
console.log(isMatch('a.a'));
//=> false
console.log(isMatch('a.b'));
//=> true

.capture

Returns an array of matches captured by pattern in string, ornull` if the pattern did not match.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.capture(pattern, string[, options]);

console.log(nm.capture('test/*.js', 'test/foo.js'));
//=> ['foo']
console.log(nm.capture('test/*.js', 'foo/bar.css'));
//=> null

.makeRe

Create a regular expression from the given glob pattern.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.makeRe(pattern[, options]);

console.log(nm.makeRe('*.js'));
//=> /^(?:(\.[\\\/])?(?!\.)(?=.)[^\/]*?\.js)$/

.create

Parses the given glob pattern and returns an object with the compiled output and optional source map.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.create(pattern[, options]);

console.log(nm.create('abc/*.js'));
// { options: { source: 'string', sourcemap: true },
//   state: {},
//   compilers:
//    { ... },
//   output: '(\\.[\\\\\\/])?abc\\/(?!\\.)(?=.)[^\\/]*?\\.js',
//   ast:
//    { type: 'root',
//      errors: [],
//      nodes:
//       [ ... ],
//      dot: false,
//      input: 'abc/*.js' },
//   parsingErrors: [],
//   map:
//    { version: 3,
//      sources: [ 'string' ],
//      names: [],
//      mappings: 'AAAA,GAAG,EAAC,kBAAC,EAAC,EAAE',
//      sourcesContent: [ 'abc/*.js' ] },
//   position: { line: 1, column: 28 },
//   content: {},
//   files: {},
//   idx: 6 }

.parse

Parse the given str with the given options.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.parse(pattern[, options]);

var ast = nm.parse('a/{b,c}/d');
console.log(ast);
// { type: 'root',
//   errors: [],
//   input: 'a/{b,c}/d',
//   nodes:
//    [ { type: 'bos', val: '' },
//      { type: 'text', val: 'a/' },
//      { type: 'brace',
//        nodes:
//         [ { type: 'brace.open', val: '{' },
//           { type: 'text', val: 'b,c' },
//           { type: 'brace.close', val: '}' } ] },
//      { type: 'text', val: '/d' },
//      { type: 'eos', val: '' } ] }

.compile

Compile the given ast or string with the given options.

Params

Example

var nm = require('nanomatch');
nm.compile(ast[, options]);

var ast = nm.parse('a/{b,c}/d');
console.log(nm.compile(ast));
// { options: { source: 'string' },
//   state: {},
//   compilers:
//    { eos: [Function],
//      noop: [Function],
//      bos: [Function],
//      brace: [Function],
//      'brace.open': [Function],
//      text: [Function],
//      'brace.close': [Function] },
//   output: [ 'a/(b|c)/d' ],
//   ast:
//    { ... },
//   parsingErrors: [] }

.clearCache

Clear the regex cache.

Example

nm.clearCache();

Options

<details> <summary><strong>basename</strong></summary>

options.basename

Allow glob patterns without slashes to match a file path based on its basename. Same behavior as minimatch option matchBase.

Type: boolean

Default: false

Example

nm(['a/b.js', 'a/c.md'], '*.js');
//=> []

nm(['a/b.js', 'a/c.md'], '*.js', {matchBase: true});
//=> ['a/b.js']
</details> <details> <summary><strong>bash</strong></summary>

options.bash

Enabled by default, this option enforces bash-like behavior with stars immediately following a bracket expression. Bash bracket expressions are similar to regex character classes, but unlike regex, a star following a bracket expression does not repeat the bracketed characters. Instead, the star is treated the same as an other star.

Type: boolean

Default: true

Example

var files = ['abc', 'ajz'];
console.log(nm(files, '[a-c]*'));
//=> ['abc', 'ajz']

console.log(nm(files, '[a-c]*', {bash: false}));
</details> <details> <summary><strong>cache</strong></summary>

options.cache

Disable regex and function memoization.

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong>dot</strong></summary>

options.dot

Match dotfiles. Same behavior as minimatch option dot.

Type: boolean

Default: false

</details> <details> <summary><strong>failglob</strong></summary>

options.failglob

Similar to the --failglob behavior in Bash, throws an error when no matches are found.

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong>ignore</strong></summary>

options.ignore

String or array of glob patterns to match files to ignore.

Type: String|Array

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong>matchBase</strong></summary>

options.matchBase

Alias for options.basename.

</details> <details> <summary><strong>nocase</strong></summary>

options.nocase

Use a case-insensitive regex for matching files. Same behavior as minimatch.

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong>nodupes</strong></summary>

options.nodupes

Remove duplicate elements from the result array.

Type: boolean

Default: true (enabled by default)

Example

Example of using the unescape and nodupes options together:

nm.match(['a/b/c', 'a/b/c'], '**');
//=> ['abc']

nm.match(['a/b/c', 'a/b/c'], '**', {nodupes: false});
//=> ['a/b/c', 'a/b/c']
</details> <details> <summary><strong>nonegate</strong></summary>

options.noglobstar

Disable matching with globstars (**).

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

nm(['a/b', 'a/b/c', 'a/b/c/d'], 'a/**');
//=> ['a/b', 'a/b/c', 'a/b/c/d']

nm(['a/b', 'a/b/c', 'a/b/c/d'], 'a/**', {noglobstar: true});
//=> ['a/b']
</details> <details> <summary><strong>nonegate</strong></summary>

options.nonegate

Disallow negation (!) patterns, and treat leading ! as a literal character to match.

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong>nonull</strong></summary>

options.nonull

Alias for options.nullglob.

</details> <details> <summary><strong>nullglob</strong></summary>

options.nullglob

If true, when no matches are found the actual (arrayified) glob pattern is returned instead of an empty array. Same behavior as minimatch option nonull.

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong><a name="slash">slash</a></strong></summary>

options.slash

Customize the slash character(s) to use for matching.

Type: string|function

Default: [/\\] (forward slash and backslash)

</details> <details> <summary><strong><a name="star">star</a></strong></summary>

options.star

Customize the star character(s) to use for matching. It's not recommended that you modify this unless you have advanced knowledge of the compiler and matching rules.

Type: string|function

Default: [^/\\]*?

</details> <details> <summary><strong><a name="snapdragon">snapdragon</a></strong></summary>

options.snapdragon

Pass your own instance of snapdragon to customize parsers or compilers.

Type: object

Default: undefined

</details> <details> <summary><strong>snapdragon</strong></summary>

options.sourcemap

Generate a source map by enabling the sourcemap option with the .parse, .compile, or .create methods.

Examples

var nm = require('nanomatch');

var res = nm.create('abc/*.js', {sourcemap: true});
console.log(res.map);
// { version: 3,
//   sources: [ 'string' ],
//   names: [],
//   mappings: 'AAAA,GAAG,EAAC,iBAAC,EAAC,EAAE',
//   sourcesContent: [ 'abc/*.js' ] }

var ast = nm.parse('abc/**/*.js');
var res = nm.compile(ast, {sourcemap: true});
console.log(res.map);
// { version: 3,
//   sources: [ 'string' ],
//   names: [],
//   mappings: 'AAAA,GAAG,EAAC,2BAAE,EAAC,iBAAC,EAAC,EAAE',
//   sourcesContent: [ 'abc/**/*.js' ] }
</details> <details> <summary><strong>unescape</strong></summary>

options.unescape

Remove backslashes from returned matches.

Type: boolean

Default: undefined

Example

In this example we want to match a literal *:

nm.match(['abc', 'a\\*c'], 'a\\*c');
//=> ['a\\*c']

nm.match(['abc', 'a\\*c'], 'a\\*c', {unescape: true});
//=> ['a*c']
</details> <details> <summary><strong>unixify</strong></summary>

options.unixify

Convert path separators on returned files to posix/unix-style forward slashes.

Type: boolean

Default: true

Example

nm.match(['a\\b\\c'], 'a/**');
//=> ['a/b/c']

nm.match(['a\\b\\c'], {unixify: false});
//=> ['a\\b\\c']
</details>

Features

Nanomatch has full support for standard Bash glob features, including the following "metacharacters": *, **, ? and [...].

Here are some examples of how they work:

PatternDescription
*Matches any string except for /, leading ., or /. inside a path
**Matches any string including /, but not a leading . or /. inside a path. More than two stars (e.g. *** is treated the same as one star, and ** loses its special meaning
foo*Matches any string beginning with foo
*bar*Matches any string containing bar (beginning, middle or end)
*.min.jsMatches any string ending with .min.js
[abc]*.jsMatches any string beginning with a, b, or c and ending with .js
abc?Matches abcd or abcz but not abcde

The exceptions noted for * apply to all patterns that contain a *.

Not supported

The following extended-globbing features are not supported:

If you need any of these features consider using micromatch instead.

Bash expansion libs

Nanomatch is part of a suite of libraries aimed at bringing the power and expressiveness of Bash's matching and expansion capabilities to JavaScript, and - as you can see by the benchmarks - without sacrificing speed.

Related libraryMatching TypeExampleDescription
nanomatch (you are here)Wildcards*Filename expansion, also referred to as globbing and pathname expansion, allows the use of wildcards for matching.
expand-tildeTildes~Tilde expansion converts the leading tilde in a file path to the user home directory.
bracesBraces{a,b,c}Brace expansion
expand-bracketsBrackets[[:alpha:]]POSIX character classes (also referred to as POSIX brackets, or POSIX character classes)
extglobParens`!(a\b)`
micromatchAllallMicromatch is built on top of the other libraries.

There are many resources available on the web if you want to dive deeper into how these features work in Bash.

Benchmarks

Running benchmarks

Install dev dependencies:

npm i -d && node benchmark

Nanomatch vs. Minimatch vs. Multimatch

# globstar-basic (182 bytes)
  minimatch x 69,512 ops/sec ±1.92% (88 runs sampled)
  multimatch x 63,376 ops/sec ±1.41% (89 runs sampled)
  nanomatch x 432,451 ops/sec ±0.92% (88 runs sampled)

  fastest is nanomatch (by 651% avg)

# large-list-globstar (485686 bytes)
  minimatch x 34.02 ops/sec ±1.42% (59 runs sampled)
  multimatch x 33.58 ops/sec ±1.97% (58 runs sampled)
  nanomatch x 483 ops/sec ±1.06% (86 runs sampled)

  fastest is nanomatch (by 1429% avg)

# long-list-globstar (194085 bytes)
  minimatch x 383 ops/sec ±0.74% (90 runs sampled)
  multimatch x 378 ops/sec ±0.59% (89 runs sampled)
  nanomatch x 990 ops/sec ±1.14% (85 runs sampled)

  fastest is nanomatch (by 260% avg)

# negation-basic (132 bytes)
  minimatch x 242,145 ops/sec ±1.17% (89 runs sampled)
  multimatch x 76,403 ops/sec ±0.78% (92 runs sampled)
  nanomatch x 537,253 ops/sec ±1.44% (86 runs sampled)

  fastest is nanomatch (by 337% avg)

# not-glob-basic (93 bytes)
  minimatch x 252,402 ops/sec ±1.33% (89 runs sampled)
  multimatch x 209,954 ops/sec ±1.30% (90 runs sampled)
  nanomatch x 1,716,468 ops/sec ±1.13% (86 runs sampled)

  fastest is nanomatch (by 742% avg)

# star-basic (93 bytes)
  minimatch x 182,780 ops/sec ±1.41% (91 runs sampled)
  multimatch x 153,210 ops/sec ±0.72% (89 runs sampled)
  nanomatch x 599,621 ops/sec ±1.22% (90 runs sampled)

  fastest is nanomatch (by 357% avg)

About

<details> <summary><strong>Contributing</strong></summary>

Pull requests and stars are always welcome. For bugs and feature requests, please create an issue.

Please read the contributing guide for advice on opening issues, pull requests, and coding standards.

</details> <details> <summary><strong>Running Tests</strong></summary>

Running and reviewing unit tests is a great way to get familiarized with a library and its API. You can install dependencies and run tests with the following command:

$ npm install && npm test
</details> <details> <summary><strong>Building docs</strong></summary>

(This project's readme.md is generated by verb, please don't edit the readme directly. Any changes to the readme must be made in the .verb.md readme template.)

To generate the readme, run the following command:

$ npm install -g verbose/verb#dev verb-generate-readme && verb
</details>

Related projects

You might also be interested in these projects:

Contributors

CommitsContributor
164jonschlinkert
1devongovett

Author

Jon Schlinkert

License

Copyright © 2018, Jon Schlinkert. Released under the MIT License.


This file was generated by verb-generate-readme, v0.6.0, on February 18, 2018.