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LASER: Lexically- and Semantically-Enriched Ruby

Homepage: http://carboni.ca/projects/p/laser
IRC: irc.freenode.net / #laser
Git: http://github.com/michaeledgar/laser
Author: Michael Edgar
Copyright: 2011
License: AGPL v3.0 w/ Commercial Exceptions. See below.
Latest Version: 0.7.0pre2
Release Date: None, yet.

Synopsis

LASER is a tool to analyze the lexical structure and semantic meaning of your Ruby programs. It will be able to discover bugs that Ruby only encounters at run-time, and it can discover properties about your code that no pre-existing tools can, such as whether a given block of code raises, which methods are private, if a method call could require a block, and so on. It provides warnings as well as errors for potentially error-prone code, such as:

if x = 5
  # well, x is 5 *now*
end

Naturally, all warnings can be ignored on a case-by-case basis with inline comments and turned off completely via command-line switches.

Feature List

Details are always forthcoming, but:

1. Optional Type System - taking some cues from Gilad Bracha's Strongtalk.
2. Style Fixing - There are many style no-nos in Ruby. LASER can find them and fix them like similar linting tools for other languages.
3. Common Semantic Analyses - dead-code discovery, yield-ability, raise-ability, unused variables/arguments, and so on.
4. Documentation Generation - By this, I mean inserting comments in your code documenting it. I don't want to try to replace YARD, which has already done tons of work in parsing docs and generating beautiful output as a result. But LASER can definitely, say, insert a @raise [SystemExitError] when it detects a call to Kernel#exit!
5. Pluggable Annotation Parsers - to get the most out of LASER, you may wish to annotate your code with types or arbitrary properties (such as method purity/impurity, visibility, etc). This requires an annotation syntax, which of course will lead to religious wars. So I'll be including the syntax I would like, as well as a parser for YARD-style annotations.
6. Ruby 1.9+ only - Yep, LASER will only run on Ruby 1.9, and it'll expect its target code is Ruby 1.9. Of course, since almost any 1.8 code will still parse just fine, the only issues that will come up is API differences (looking at you, String).
7. Reusable Semantic Information - I don't want a new AST format. I don't like the one provided by RubyParser and co. So I'm sticking with Ripper's AST format. It has quirks, but I prefer it, and it's part of the standard library. LASER works by creating an Array subclass called Sexp that wraps the results of a Ripper parse and does not modify its contents. So anyone expecting a typical Ripper AST can use the results of LASER's analysis. The Sexp subclass then has a variety of accessor methods created on it that contain the results of static analysis.

More to come here.

Installing

To install LASER, use the following command:

$ gem install laser --prerelease

(Add sudo if you're installing to a directory requiring root privileges to write)

Usage

There are a couple of ways to use LASER. It has a command-line implementation, and a Rake task.

The command-line implementation is still having its flags worked out for usability - right now, there's some flexibility, but they're a huge pain to use. Also, the style-related analyses are handled slightly differently from semantic analyses. So bear with me.

When analyzing for semantic issues, requires and loads are always followed. This may become a command-line flag in the future, but it isn't now.

When analyzing for style issues, the file in question must be listed on the command line.

Example runs:

$ cat temp.rb
class Foo
  def initialize(x, *args)
    a, b = args[1..2]
  end
end
Foo.new(gets, gets)

$ laser temp.rb
4 warnings found. 0 are fixable.
================================
(stdin):3 Error (4) - Variable defined but not used: x
(stdin):3 Error (6) - LHS never assigned - defaults to nil
(stdin):3 Error (4) - Variable defined but not used: a
(stdin):3 Error (4) - Variable defined but not used: b

Cool! If you want to specify a set of warnings to consider, you can use the --only flag. And if you want style errors to be fixed, use --fix. For example:

$ cat tempstyle.rb
x = 0
x+=10 # extra space at the end of this line   
# blank lines following


$ laser --only OperatorSpacing,ExtraBlankLinesWarning,InlineCommentSpaceWarning,ExtraWhitespaceWarning --fix tempstyle.rb
4 warnings found. 4 are fixable.
================================
tempstyle.rb:0 Extra blank lines (1) - This file has 3 blank lines at the end of it.
tempstyle.rb:2 Inline comment spacing error () - Inline comments must be exactly 2 spaces from code.
tempstyle.rb:2 Extra Whitespace (2) - The line has trailing whitespace.
tempstyle.rb:2 No operator spacing (5) - Insufficient spacing around +=

$ cat tempstyle.rb
x = 0
x += 10  # extra space at the end of this line   
# blank lines following$ (prompt)

What happened there is:

  1. Inline comments were set to 2 spaces away from their line of code. This will be configurable in the future.
  2. The += operator was properly spaced.
  3. The extra spaces at the end of line 2 were removed
  4. The blank lines at the end of the file were removed.

Cool! Of course, all those would have happened if you just ran laser --fix tempstyle.rb, but I wanted to demonstrate how to specify individual warnings. Again, that's going to have to be made a lot easier - I've experimented with giving each warning a "short name" that gets emitted alongside the warning, but that has some discoverability issues. We'll see where that goes.

Changelog

Copyright

LASER © 2011 by Michael Edgar. By default, LASER is licensed under the AGPLv3; see {file:LICENSE} for licensing details. Alternative licensing arrangements are also possible; contact Michael Edgar to discuss your needs.