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mypy-django

Type stubs to use the mypy static type-checker with your Django projects

This project includes the PEP-484 compatible "type stubs" for Django APIs. Using a compliant checking tool (typically, mypy), it allows you to document and verify more of your code. Your annotated code will look like:

def vote(request: HttpRequest, question_id: str) -> HttpResponse:
    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
    try:
        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
    else:
        selected_choice.votes += 1
        selected_choice.save()
        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))

If you use incorrect annotations, like in the following example

class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question

    def get_template_names(self) -> str:
        if some_condition():
            return "template_a.html"
        else:
            return "template_b.html"

Running mypy will report the problem:

$ mypy --strict-optional -p polls
...
polls/views.py: note: In class "ResultsView":
polls/views.py:41: error: Return type of "get_template_names" incompatible with supertype "SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin"
polls/views.py:41: error: Return type of "get_template_names" incompatible with supertype "TemplateResponseMixin"

Mypy Pony

Installation and usage

You'll need to install mypy (other PEP-484 checkers might work, but I haven't tested them). pip install mypy should do the trick. There are no other requirements.

This is not a python package (no actual executable code), so this is not installed with pip or available in PyPI. You can just git clone the latest version from https://github.com/machinalis/mypy-django.git or download and unzip https://github.com/machinalis/mypy-django/archive/master.zip

Once you have your copy, set your MYPYPATH environment variable to point to the files. For example (in Linux/bash):

$ export MYPYPATH=/home/dmoisset/mypy-django/
$ ls $MYPYPATH
django
$ ls $MYPYPATH/django
conf  core  http  __init__.pyi  urls  utils  views

If you don't see the above (the second line might have a few more items in your computer), check that the path exists, and that it points to the correct level in the directory tree.

Motivation

We are building this as a tool at Machinalis to improve the quality of the Django projects we build for our clients. Feel free to contact me if you want to hear more about how we use it or how it can be applied. I can be found at dmoisset@machinalis.com or at @dmoisset via Twitter.

In a more general perspective, it makes sense to use static typing for Django given the following:

  1. Much of the user application code for Django projects consists in operating on objects defined by the framework. Unlike other APIs where you mostly pass around standard python data structures, this means that you don't get much benefit from PEP-484 static typing because everything gets annotated as Any (i.e. unchecked)
  2. A large part of the framework follows a very structured, almost declarative approach where you just fill-out a structure (for example, defining models, admin options, generic views, url routers, forms, settings)
  3. Django already has a policy of checking types before starting serving. Many of the system checks performed by manage.py check are actually type checks. So this fits very well with the framework philosophy

Full example

I reimplemented most of the standard Django tutorial with annotations, so you can see how it looks. The code (and a README with some details of problems and solutions found when annotating) are available at https://github.com/machinalis/mypy-django-example

Known issues

polls/views.py:1: error: No library stub file for module 'django.db.models.query'

Roadmap

v0.1 - Initial release - October 2016

v0.2 - In development

Probably never

License

BSD. See LICENSE file for details