Awesome

Make-A-Video - Pytorch (wip)

Implementation of <a href="https://makeavideo.studio/">Make-A-Video</a>, new SOTA text to video generator from Meta AI, in Pytorch. They combine pseudo-3d convolutions (axial convolutions) and temporal attention and show much better temporal fusion.

The pseudo-3d convolutions isn't a new concept. It has been explored before in other contexts, say for protein contact prediction as <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.08.04.502748v2.full">"dimensional hybrid residual networks"</a>.

The gist of the paper comes down to, take a SOTA text-to-image model (here they use DALL-E2, but the same learning points would easily apply to Imagen), make a few minor modifications for <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.03458">attention across time</a> and other ways to skimp on the compute cost, do frame interpolation correctly, get a great video model out.

<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcvmyqGgMh8">AI Coffee Break explanation</a>

Appreciation

<a href="https://stability.ai/">Stability.ai</a> for the generous sponsorship to work on cutting edge artificial intelligence research
<a href="http://www.jonathanho.me/">Jonathan Ho</a> for bringing about a revolution in generative artificial intelligence through <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.11239">his seminal paper</a>
<a href="https://github.com/arogozhnikov">Alex</a> for <a href="https://github.com/arogozhnikov/einops">einops</a>, an abstraction that is simply genius. No other word for it.

Install

$ pip install make-a-video-pytorch

Usage

Passing in video features

import torch
from make_a_video_pytorch import PseudoConv3d, SpatioTemporalAttention

conv = PseudoConv3d(
    dim = 256,
    kernel_size = 3
)

attn = SpatioTemporalAttention(
    dim = 256,
    dim_head = 64,
    heads = 8
)

video = torch.randn(1, 256, 8, 16, 16) # (batch, features, frames, height, width)

conv_out = conv(video) # (1, 256, 8, 16, 16)
attn_out = attn(video) # (1, 256, 8, 16, 16)

Passing in images (if one were to pretrain on images first), both temporal convolution and attention will be automatically skipped. In other words, you can use this straightforwardly in your 2d Unet and then port it over to a 3d Unet once that phase of the training is done. The temporal modules are initialized to output identity as the paper had done.

import torch
from make_a_video_pytorch import PseudoConv3d, SpatioTemporalAttention

conv = PseudoConv3d(
    dim = 256,
    kernel_size = 3
)

attn = SpatioTemporalAttention(
    dim = 256,
    dim_head = 64,
    heads = 8
)

images = torch.randn(1, 256, 16, 16) # (batch, features, height, width)

conv_out = conv(images) # (1, 256, 16, 16)
attn_out = attn(images) # (1, 256, 16, 16)

You can also control the two modules so that when fed 3-dimensional features, it only does training spatially

import torch
from make_a_video_pytorch import PseudoConv3d, SpatioTemporalAttention

conv = PseudoConv3d(
    dim = 256,
    kernel_size = 3
)

attn = SpatioTemporalAttention(
    dim = 256,
    dim_head = 64,
    heads = 8
)

video = torch.randn(1, 256, 8, 16, 16) # (batch, features, frames, height, width)

# below it will not train across time

conv_out = conv(video, enable_time = False) # (1, 256, 8, 16, 16)
attn_out = attn(video, enable_time = False) # (1, 256, 8, 16, 16)

Full SpaceTimeUnet that is agnostic to images or video training, and where even if video is passed in, time can be ignored

import torch
from make_a_video_pytorch import SpaceTimeUnet

unet = SpaceTimeUnet(
    dim = 64,
    channels = 3,
    dim_mult = (1, 2, 4, 8),
    resnet_block_depths = (1, 1, 1, 2),
    temporal_compression = (False, False, False, True),
    self_attns = (False, False, False, True),
    condition_on_timestep = False,
    attn_pos_bias = False,
    flash_attn = True
).cuda()

# train on images

images = torch.randn(1, 3, 128, 128).cuda()
images_out  = unet(images)

assert images.shape == images_out.shape

# then train on videos

video = torch.randn(1, 3, 16, 128, 128).cuda()
video_out = unet(video)

assert video_out.shape == video.shape

# or even treat your videos as images

video_as_images_out = unet(video, enable_time = False)

Todo

give attention the best positional embeddings research has to offer
soup up the attention
add flash attention
make sure dalle2-pytorch can accept SpaceTimeUnet for training

Citations

@misc{Singer2022,
    author  = {Uriel Singer},
    url     = {https://makeavideo.studio/Make-A-Video.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{rogozhnikov2022einops,
    title   = {Einops: Clear and Reliable Tensor Manipulations with Einstein-like Notation},
    author  = {Alex Rogozhnikov},
    booktitle = {International Conference on Learning Representations},
    year    = {2022},
    url     = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=oapKSVM2bcj}
}

@article{Dong2021AttentionIN,
    title   = {Attention is Not All You Need: Pure Attention Loses Rank Doubly Exponentially with Depth},
    author  = {Yihe Dong and Jean-Baptiste Cordonnier and Andreas Loukas},
    journal = {ArXiv},
    year    = {2021},
    volume  = {abs/2103.03404}
}

@article{Zhang2021TokenST,
    title   = {Token Shift Transformer for Video Classification},
    author  = {Hao Zhang and Y. Hao and Chong-Wah Ngo},
    journal = {Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia},
    year    = {2021}
}

@inproceedings{shleifer2022normformer,
    title   = {NormFormer: Improved Transformer Pretraining with Extra Normalization},
    author  = {Sam Shleifer and Myle Ott},
    booktitle = {Submitted to The Tenth International Conference on Learning Representations },
    year    = {2022},
    url     = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=GMYWzWztDx5},
}

@inproceedings{dao2022flashattention,
    title   = {Flash{A}ttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with {IO}-Awareness},
    author  = {Dao, Tri and Fu, Daniel Y. and Ermon, Stefano and Rudra, Atri and R{\'e}, Christopher},
    booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
    year    = {2022}
}