Awesome
rt0
A minimal C runtime for Linux on i386 & x86_64
Features
- Implemented in just 202 SLOC of C code.
- Just 9 lines of GCC inline ASM for i386, or,
- Just 6 lines GCC inline ASM for x86_64
- Small runtime providing just
argc
,argv
,envp
,__environ
,errno
,_exit
,_end
,_edata
,_etext
,__executable_start
andsyscall0/1/2/3/4/5/6
- An example implementation of
sys_brk
,brk
, andsbrk
- Can be used with gold (Google LD, part of GNU Binutils)
- Hello World in just 608 bytes (i386) or 792 bytes (x86_64)
- Small binary sizes vs. other libc's
- Tested with RHEL 7, Ubuntu 14.04, i386/i686, x86_64
See STATS.md to see how rt0 fares. See the musl libc comparison to see how other libc's fare.
You might be interested in Linux native/built-in and fairly portable nolibc header.
Building
Try:
make
make librt0.a
make test
make runtest
make DESTDIR=/usr/local install
, or simply,make install
- You can also do
make uninstall
- It is highly recommended that you build using
WITH_FAST_SYSCALL=1
, e.g.,make WITH_FAST_SYSCALL=1
Usage
- Include
rt0/rt0.h
for__environ
,_exit
- Include
rt0/syscall.h
forSYS_*
,syscall0/1/2/3/4/5/6
- Define
main
asint main( int, char**, char** )
- Compile your code with at least
-nostdlib
, e.g.,cc -c prog.c -nostdlib -o prog.o
- On Linux, link with librt0, e.g.,
cc prog.o -nostdlib -lrt0 -o prog
- On FreeBSD, link with librt0 using,
cc prog.o -Wl,-u_start -nostdlib -lrt0 -o prog
- To enable Google ld, type
make LD=gold
- To enable GNU ld, type
make LD=ld
(default) - To enable a slightly faster version of the syscalls, type
make WITH_FAST_SYSCALL=1
- To enable
-fdata-sections -ffunction-sections
, typemake WITH_SECTIONS=1
- To enable a debug build, type
make WITH_DEBUG=1
References
- Hello from a libc free world!
- musl libc
- Minimum C prgram
- SmallerC
- GCC Inline Assembly HOWTO
- System V ABI/Calling Convention
- Linux syscall interface
- gold - Google ld
- brk(2) man page
- malloc implementation@Stack Overflow
- A Quick Tutorial on Implementing and Debugging Malloc, Free, Calloc, and Realloc
- Tips of malloc & free
- Writing C software without the standard library - Linux Edition