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  1. Compiler instance of watch method
 Compiler.prototype.watch = function(watchOptions, handler) {
  this.fileTimestamps = {};
  this.contextTimestamps = {};
  var watching = new Watching(this, watchOptions, handler);
  return watching;
};

注意:watch的时候,我们会给我们的Compiler实例对象添加一个fileTimestamps和contextTimestamps对象。而且可以清楚的知道这里返回的是我们通过watchOptions实例化的一个Watching实例对象 我们可以使用下面这种方式调用,例如在atool-build中调用:

if (args.watch) {
    compiler.watch(args.watch || 200, doneHandler);
  } else {
    compiler.run(doneHandler);
  }

2.compiler实例化的时候同时实例化一个Parser对象

function Compiler() {
  Tapable.call(this);
  this.parser = {
    plugin: function(hook, fn) {
      this.plugin("compilation", function(compilation, data) {
        data.normalModuleFactory.plugin("parser", function(parser) {
          parser.plugin(hook, fn);
        });
      });
    }.bind(this),
    apply: function() {
      this.plugin("compilation", function(compilation, data) {
        data.normalModuleFactory.plugin("parser", function(parser) {
          parser.apply.apply(parser, args);
        });
      });
    }.bind(this)
  };

  this.options = {};
}

我们的Compiler会先继承了Tapable;在parser.plugin中注入的回调函数

3.调用compiler.run方法会分别执行'before-run','run',继而调用compiler的compile方法

Compiler.prototype.run = function(callback) {
  var self = this;
  var startTime = new Date().getTime();
   //before run
  self.applyPluginsAsync("before-run", self, function(err) {
    if(err) return callback(err);
        //run
    self.applyPluginsAsync("run", self, function(err) {
      if(err) return callback(err);
      self.readRecords(function(err) {
        if(err) return callback(err);
         //compile函数被调用,我们传入run函数的回调函数会在compile回调函数中调用
        //也就是在compiler的'done'之后回调
        self.compile(function onCompiled(err, compilation) {
          if(err) return callback(err);
          if(self.applyPluginsBailResult("should-emit", compilation) === false) {
            var stats = compilation.getStats();
            stats.startTime = startTime;
            stats.endTime = new Date().getTime();
            self.applyPlugins("done", stats);
            return callback(null, stats);
          }
          self.emitAssets(compilation, function(err) {
            if(err) return callback(err);
            if(compilation.applyPluginsBailResult("need-additional-pass")) {
              compilation.needAdditionalPass = true;
              var stats = compilation.getStats();
              stats.startTime = startTime;
              stats.endTime = new Date().getTime();
              self.applyPlugins("done", stats);
              self.applyPluginsAsync("additional-pass", function(err) {
                if(err) return callback(err);
                self.compile(onCompiled);
              });
              return;
            }
            self.emitRecords(function(err) {
              if(err) return callback(err);
              var stats = compilation.getStats();
              stats.startTime = startTime;
              stats.endTime = new Date().getTime();
              self.applyPlugins("done", stats);
              return callback(null, stats);//调用'done'
            });
          });
        });
      });
    });
  });
};

注意: (1)我们compiler.compile方法运行结束后会进行相应的回调,其中回调函数就是我们通过compile.run调用时候传入的函数 (2)其中我们要注意我们传入的callback会被传入一个参数,这个参数是通过如下方式来获取到的:

   var stats = compilation.getStats();
     stats.startTime = startTime;
     stats.endTime = new Date().getTime();

那么getStats到底得到的是什么呢?

getStats() {
    return new Stats(this);
  }

也就是说我们得到的是一个Stats对象,具体用法看参考文献。那么我们给出一个例子:

function doneHandler(err, stats) {
    if (args.json) {
      const filename = typeof args.json === 'boolean' ? 'build-bundle.json' : args.json;
      const jsonPath = join(fileOutputPath, filename);
      writeFileSync(jsonPath, JSON.stringify(stats.toJson()), 'utf-8');
      console.log(`Generate Json File: ${jsonPath}`);
    }
    //如果出错,那么退出码是1
    const { errors } = stats.toJson();
    if (errors && errors.length) {
      process.on('exit', () => {
        process.exit(1);
      });
    }
    // if watch enabled only stats.hasErrors would log info
    // otherwise  would always log info
    if (!args.watch || stats.hasErrors()) {
      const buildInfo = stats.toString({
        colors: true,
        children: true,
        chunks: !!args.verbose,
        modules: !!args.verbose,
        chunkModules: !!args.verbose,
        hash: !!args.verbose,
        version: !!args.verbose,
      });
      if (stats.hasErrors()) {
        console.error(buildInfo);
      } else {
        console.log(buildInfo);
      }
    }
    if (err) {
      process.on('exit', () => {
        process.exit(1);
      });
      console.error(err);
    }
    if (callback) {
      callback(err);
    }
  }

主要的代码就是调用stats.toJson方法,内容就是获取本次编译的主要信息。同时参考文献中也给出了一个输出的例子,可以自己查看。 (3)我们自己的回调函数是在compiler的'done'回调以后触发的,而且和compiler的'done'回调一样,我们也是也是给我们的函数传入err和Stats对象!

然后我们看看compile中的内容:

Compiler.prototype.compile = function(callback) {
  self.applyPluginsAsync("before-compile", params, function(err) {
    self.applyPlugins("compile", params);
    var compilation = self.newCompilation(params);
    //调用compiler的compile方法,我们才会构建出一个Compilation实例对象,在
    //'make'钩子里面我们就可以获取到compilation对象了
    self.applyPluginsParallel("make", compilation, function(err) {
      compilation.finish();
      compilation.seal(function(err) {
        self.applyPluginsAsync("after-compile", compilation, function(err) {
          //在compilation.seal方法调用以后我们才会执行'after-compile'
        });
      });
    });
  });
};

我们再来看看compilation的finish方法:

  finish() {
      this.applyPlugins1("finish-modules", this.modules);
      this.modules.forEach(m => this.reportDependencyErrorsAndWarnings(m, [m]));
    }

我们再来看看compilation.seal方法:

seal(callback) {
  self.applyPlugins0("seal");
  self.applyPlugins0("optimize");
  while(self.applyPluginsBailResult1("optimize-modules-basic", self.modules) ||
    self.applyPluginsBailResult1("optimize-modules", self.modules) ||
    self.applyPluginsBailResult1("optimize-modules-advanced", self.modules));
  self.applyPlugins1("after-optimize-modules", self.modules);
  //这里是optimize module
  while(self.applyPluginsBailResult1("optimize-chunks-basic", self.chunks) ||
    self.applyPluginsBailResult1("optimize-chunks", self.chunks) ||
    self.applyPluginsBailResult1("optimize-chunks-advanced", self.chunks));
    //这里是optimize chunk
  self.applyPlugins1("after-optimize-chunks", self.chunks);
  //这里是optimize tree
  self.applyPluginsAsyncSeries("optimize-tree", self.chunks, self.modules, function sealPart2(err) {
    self.applyPlugins2("after-optimize-tree", self.chunks, self.modules);
    const shouldRecord = self.applyPluginsBailResult("should-record") !== false;
    self.applyPlugins2("revive-modules", self.modules, self.records);
    self.applyPlugins1("optimize-module-order", self.modules);
    self.applyPlugins1("advanced-optimize-module-order", self.modules);
    self.applyPlugins1("before-module-ids", self.modules);
    self.applyPlugins1("module-ids", self.modules);
    self.applyModuleIds();
    self.applyPlugins1("optimize-module-ids", self.modules);
    self.applyPlugins1("after-optimize-module-ids", self.modules);
    self.sortItemsWithModuleIds();
    self.applyPlugins2("revive-chunks", self.chunks, self.records);
    self.applyPlugins1("optimize-chunk-order", self.chunks);
    self.applyPlugins1("before-chunk-ids", self.chunks);
    self.applyChunkIds();
    self.applyPlugins1("optimize-chunk-ids", self.chunks);
    self.applyPlugins1("after-optimize-chunk-ids", self.chunks);
    self.sortItemsWithChunkIds();
    if(shouldRecord)
      self.applyPlugins2("record-modules", self.modules, self.records);
    if(shouldRecord)
      self.applyPlugins2("record-chunks", self.chunks, self.records);
    self.applyPlugins0("before-hash");
    self.createHash();
    self.applyPlugins0("after-hash");
    if(shouldRecord)
      self.applyPlugins1("record-hash", self.records);
    self.applyPlugins0("before-module-assets");
    self.createModuleAssets();
    if(self.applyPluginsBailResult("should-generate-chunk-assets") !== false) {
      self.applyPlugins0("before-chunk-assets");
      self.createChunkAssets();
    }
    self.applyPlugins1("additional-chunk-assets", self.chunks);
    self.summarizeDependencies();
    if(shouldRecord)
      self.applyPlugins2("record", self, self.records);

    self.applyPluginsAsync("additional-assets", err => {
      if(err) {
        return callback(err);
      }
      self.applyPluginsAsync("optimize-chunk-assets", self.chunks, err => {
        if(err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        self.applyPlugins1("after-optimize-chunk-assets", self.chunks);
        self.applyPluginsAsync("optimize-assets", self.assets, err => {
          if(err) {
            return callback(err);
          }
          self.applyPlugins1("after-optimize-assets", self.assets);
          if(self.applyPluginsBailResult("need-additional-seal")) {
            self.unseal();
            return self.seal(callback);
          }
          return self.applyPluginsAsync("after-seal", callback);
        });
      });
    });
  });
}

从上面提到的第3点,我们可以知道webpack的编译过程大致如下:

<pre> 'before run' 'run' compile:func//调用compile函数 'before compile' 'compile'//(1)compiler对象的第一阶段 newCompilation:object//创建compilation对象 'make' //(2)compiler对象的第二阶段 compilation.finish:func "finish-modules" compilation.seal "seal" "optimize" "optimize-modules-basic" "optimize-modules-advanced" "optimize-modules" "after-optimize-modules"//首先是优化模块 "optimize-chunks-basic" "optimize-chunks"//然后是优化chunk "optimize-chunks-advanced" "after-optimize-chunks" "optimize-tree" "after-optimize-tree" "should-record" "revive-modules" "optimize-module-order" "advanced-optimize-module-order" "before-module-ids" "module-ids"//首先优化module-order,然后优化module-id "optimize-module-ids" "after-optimize-module-ids" "revive-chunks" "optimize-chunk-order" "before-chunk-ids"//首先优化chunk-order,然后chunk-id "optimize-chunk-ids" "after-optimize-chunk-ids" "record-modules"//record module然后record chunk "record-chunks" "before-hash" compilation.createHash//func "chunk-hash"//webpack-md5-hash "after-hash" "record-hash"//before-hash/after-hash/record-hash "before-module-assets" "should-generate-chunk-assets" "before-chunk-assets" "additional-chunk-assets" "record" "additional-assets" "optimize-chunk-assets" "after-optimize-chunk-assets" "optimize-assets" "after-optimize-assets" "need-additional-seal" unseal:func "unseal" "after-seal" "after-compile"//(4)完成模块构建和编译过程(seal函数回调) "emit"//(5)compile函数的回调,compiler开始输出assets,是改变assets最后机会 "after-emit"//(6)文件产生完成 </pre>

注意:上面没有标出第三个阶段,也就是compiler的'build-module'阶段,在这个阶段,我们调用了addEntry等方法通过入口文件_addModuleChain,processModuleDependencies等方法分析模块的依赖关系! 详细内容可以参考下面这种图:

参考资料: http://webpack.github.io/docs/node.js-api.html#stats