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jfx(justfoxing) bridge

Originally developed as part of https://github.com/justfoxing/ghidra_bridge

jfx_bridge is a simple, single file Python RPC bridge, designed to allow interacting from modern python3 to python2. It was built to operate in constrained interpreters, like the Jython interpreters built into more than one reverse-engineering tool, to allow you to access and interact with the data in the tool, and then use modern python and up-to-date packages to do your work.

The aim is to be as transparent as possible, so once you're set up, you shouldn't need to know if an object is local or from the remote environment - the bridge should seamlessly handle getting/setting/calling against it.

If you like this, feel free to buy me a coffee: https://ko-fi.com/justfoxing

Table of contents

How to use

You might actually want one of the following projects that uses jfx_bridge:

Security warning

Be aware that when running, a jfx_bridge server effectively provides code execution as a service. If an attacker is able to talk to the port jfx_bridge is running on, they can trivially gain execution with the privileges the server is run with.

Also be aware that the protocol used for sending and receiving jfx_bridge messages is unencrypted and unverified - a person-in-the-middle attack would allow complete control of the commands and responses, again providing trivial code execution on the server (and with a little more work, on the client).

By default, the jfx_bridge server only listens on localhost to slightly reduce the attack surface. Only listen on external network addresses if you're confident you're on a network where it is safe to do so. Additionally, it is still possible for attackers to send messages to localhost (e.g., via malicious javascript in the browser, or by exploiting a different process and attacking jfx_bridge to elevate privileges). You can mitigate this risk by running jfx_bridge from a process with reduced permissions (a non-admin user, or inside a container), by only running it when needed, or by running on non-network connected systems.

Remote eval

jfx_bridge is designed to be transparent, to allow easy porting of non-bridged scripts without too many changes. However, if you're happy to make changes, and you run into slowdowns caused by running lots of remote queries (e.g., something like for remote_val in remote_iterable: doSomethingRemote() can be quite slow with a large number of values as each one will result in a message across the bridge), you can make use of the remote_eval() function to ask for the result to be evaluated on the bridge server all at once, which will require only a single message roundtrip.

The following example demonstrates getting a list of all the names of all the functions in a binary:

import ghidra_bridge 
b = ghidra_bridge.GhidraBridge(namespace=globals())
name_list = b.remote_eval("[ f.getName() for f in currentProgram.getFunctionManager().getFunctions(True)]")

If your evaluation is going to take some time, you might need to use the timeout_override argument to increase how long the bridge will wait before deciding things have gone wrong.

If you need to supply an argument for the remote evaluation, you can provide arbitrary keyword arguments to the remote_eval function which will be passed into the evaluation context as local variables. The following argument passes in a function:

import ghidra_bridge 
b = ghidra_bridge.GhidraBridge(namespace=globals())
func = currentProgram.getFunctionManager().getFunctions(True).next()
mnemonics = b.remote_eval("[ i.getMnemonicString() for i in currentProgram.getListing().getInstructions(f.getBody(), True)]", f=func)

As a simplification, note also that the evaluation context has the same globals loaded into the __main__ of the script that started the server.

Remoteify and remote exec

Maybe turning something into a list comprehension is too clunky, or you need more flexibility than remote eval provides - perhaps you need to define a callback with exception handling for bridge failures, to avoid a unexpected bridge disconnection breaking things on the other end. In that case, remoteify() might be for you! remoteify takes a module, function or class and defines it on the remote side of the connection then returns you a bridged handle back to it. This allows you to do things like:

import ghidra_bridge 
b = ghidra_bridge.GhidraBridge(namespace=globals())

# define the function locally
def get_function_names(program):
    # all this code will be run remotely, in a single bridge call
    name_list = []
    for f in program.getFunctionManager().getFunctions(True):
        name_list.append(f.getName())
    return name_list

# push the function to the remote side and get a handle back
remote_get_function_names = b.bridge.remoteify(get_function_names)

# call the remote version of the function!
names = remote_get_function_names(currentProgram)

This works similarly for classes, with two caveats. First, only classes defined in files can be remoteify-ed - classes defined dynamically in a REPL will fail when the python inspect module tries to get their source (a limitation of inspect). Second, if you're defining a class that inherits from a remote class (for example, for a callback), you need to be a little careful, as follows:

import jfx_bridge 
b = jfx_bridge.BridgeClient()

# we lie to the local interpreter about what we want to inherit from - inspect.getsource tries to follow the inheritance chain, and doesn't understand bridged objects
RemoteCallback = object
class SafeCallback(RemoteCallback):
    """ We want to install a callback, but need to swallow any errors from the bridge on the remote end in case it's disconnected """
    def __init__(self, callback_fn)
        self.callback = callback_fn

    def do_callback(self, value):
        try:
            self.callback(value)
        except:
            # swallow the exceptions
            pass

# now get a handle to the remote class we really want to inherit from, so we can tell the other side
RemoteCallback = b.remote_import("foobar").Callback

# push the class to the remote side and get a handle back
# Note that we supply the real class to inherit from as a kwarg
RemoteSafeCallback = b.remoteify(SafeCallback, RemoteCallback=RemoteCallback)

# instantiate!
x = RemoteSafeCallback(callback_fn)

As the previous example shows, you can supply globals to the definitions by providing kwargs to remoteify.

remoteify-ing a module, function or class requires that the Python interpreters on BOTH ends understand your code - the local end needs to understand it enough to create the module, function or class, and the remote end needs to understand it to create it and run it. This means that if you're remoteify-ing something from Python 3 to Python 2, you'll need to make sure it's compatible with both languages.

remoteify() is built on top of the remote_exec() function, which provides access to exec(). If you need something even more flexible than remoteify, remote_exec() is a backdoor that should let you do just about anything you can think of. remote_exec just takes a string of code to execute (and optionally kwargs to add as globals), so the code only has to be understood by the remote Python interpreter - this might be helpful if you're having problems writing something that's compatible with two different versions.

Long-running commands

If you have a particularly slow call in your script, it may hit the response timeout that the bridge uses to make sure the connection hasn't broken. If this happens, you'll see something like BridgeTimeoutException: Didn't receive response <UUID> before timeout.

There are two options to increase the timeout. When creating the bridge, you can set a timeout value in seconds with the response_timeout argument (e.g., b = jfx_bridge.bridge.BridgeClient(response_timeout=20)) which will apply to all commands run across the bridge. Alternatively, if you just want to change the timeout for one command, you can use remote_eval as mentioned above, with the timeout_override argument (e.g., b.remote_eval("<long running eval>", timeout_override=20)). If you use the value -1 for either of these arguments, the response timeout will be disabled and the bridge will wait forever for your response to come back - note that this can cause your script to hang if the bridge runs into problems.

Remote imports

If you want to import modules from the other side (e.g., to access modules only available there), there are two options:

Optimising for performance

If your bridged script is running slowly, a few tips:

b = jfx_bridge.bridge.BridgeClient(record_stats=True)
start_stats = b.get_stats()

# do something chunky
....

print(b.get_stats() - start_stats)

# Stats(total_hits=918,hits={'remote_import': 32, 'add_response': 354, 'remote_get': 212, 'remote_call': 71, 'remote_get_type': 18, 'remote_del': 156, 'remote_eval': 10, 'local_get_type': 4, 'local_get': 29, 'local_eval': 2, 'local_del': 11, 'remote_isinstance': 6, 'local_call': 5, 'remote_call_nonreturn': 3, 'remote_create_type': 1, 'remote_set': 4},total_time=(512, 8.389705419540405),times={'send_cmd': (512, 8.389705419540405)})

name_list = []
for bridged_x in bridged_get_objects():
    name_list.append(bridged_x.get_name()) # 2 bridge calls for each x (1 to get the get_name function, 1 to call it)

try:

name_list = b.remote_eval("[x.get_name() for x in bridged_get_objects()]", bridged_get_objects=bridged_get_objects)

remote_time = b.remote_import("time")
remote_time.sleep._bridge_call_nonreturn(9999999) # returns immediately

@jfx_bridge.bridge.nonreturn
def callback(foo):
    time.sleep(9999999)
    
# on the remote side, will call back to the callback function and return immediately    
remote_trigger_callback(callback)

How it works

bridge.py contains a py2/3 compatible python object RPC proxy. One python environment sets up a server on a port, which clients connect to. The bridge provides a handful of commands to carry out remote operations against python objects in the other environment.

A typical first step is remote_import() with a module to load in the target environment. This will make the RPC call to the remote bridge, which will load the module, then create a BridgeHandle to keep it alive and reference it across the bridge. It'll then return it to the local bridge, along with a list of the callable and non-callable attributes of the module.

At the local bridge, this will be deserialized into a BridgedObject, which overrides __getattribute__ and __setattr__ to catch any get/set to the attribute fields, and proxy them back across to the remote bridge, using the bridge handle reference so it knows which module (or other object) we're talking about.

The __getattribute__ override also affects callables, so doing bridged_obj.func() actually returns a BridgedCallable object, which is then invoked (along with any args/kwargs in use). This packs the call parameters off to the remote bridge, which identifies the appropriate object and invokes the call against it, then returns the result.

The bridges are symmetric, so the local bridge is able to send references to local python objects to the remote bridge, and have them used over there, with interactions being sent back to the local bridge (e.g., providing a callback function as an argument works).

Finally, there's a few other miscellaneous features to make life easier - bridged objects which are python iterators/iterables will behave as iterators/iterables in the remote environment, and bridged objects representing types can be inherited from to make your own subclasses of them (note that this will actually create the subclass in the remote environment - this is designed so you can create types to implement Java interfaces for callbacks/listeners/etc in Jython environments, so it was easier to make sure they behave if they're created in the Jython environment).

Design principles

Tested

TODO

Contributors