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Front-end - Guideline

<a href="https://juntossomosmais.github.io/frontend-guideline/" target="_blank">Guideline Webpage</a>

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"Every line of code should appear to be written by a single person, no matter the number of contributors." - Chinese Proverb.

The following document describes generic rules of writing in development languages that we use on our Front-end projects, that HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React, and Vue

The idea of this repository is not to be a complete guideline, the target is just to help developers who participate in our projects to be able to inform the coding standards used.

As this is a live document, some rules may not have been applied in old projects and changes can occur at any time.

We are hiring! 🔥

If you are looking opportunities as Front-end Developer we are hiring!

You can check all our job opportunities and apply if you like it 😁

This is our Front-end Challenge

📖 Summary

  1. General Code Patterns
  2. Architecture
  3. Git
  4. HTML
  5. CSS
  6. JavaScript
  7. React
  8. Vue
  9. Storybook
  10. Testing
  11. Typescript

1. General Code Patterns

1.0 Prettier

We use Prettier to format our code, and we have a shared rule to validade this

1.1 Code Syntax

Use soft tabs with two spaces. You need to configure your editor for this.

✅ Good:

const obj = {
  prop: 'value',
  prop2: 'value2',
  prop3: 'value3',
}

.foo {
  color: red;
}

<div>
  <p>Hello World</p>
</div>

❌ Bad:

const obj = {
    prop: 'value',
    prop2: 'value2',
    prop3: 'value3',
}

.foo {
    color: red;
}

<div>
    <p>Hello World</p>
</div>

1.2 Refactoring

Refactoring makes part of JSMLover's way of being, doing it every day and task by task. We have good practices and conditions to do that, though.

if(!isWholeCodeCoveraged) return

1.3 Imports

If the data to be imported belongs to the same module/scope, use relative path.

Relative Path Example

HeaderButton.js importing style from header/styles.css

┣ 📂 src/components \
┣ ┣ 📂 header \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 components
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ 📂 Buttons
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ ┣ 📜 HeaderButton.js
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ ┣ 📜 RedirectButton.js
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ ┣ 📜 EspecificButton.js
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ 📂 Card 
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ 📂 Modal 
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 __tests__
┣ ┃ 📜 index.js
┣ ┃ 📜 styles.css
┣ ┃ 📜 index.stories.mdx
┣ ┃ 📜 index.spec.js

use this:

import { HeaderButtonClass } from '../../../styles'

If the data to be imported belongs to another module/scope, use an absolute path.

Absolute Path Example

HeaderPopup.js importing an enum from src/enum/errors.js

┣ 📂 src \
┣ ┣ 📂 components \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 header \
┣ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📂 components
┣ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📂 Card 
┣ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📂 Popup
┣ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📜 HeaderPopup.js
┣ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📜 RedirectPopup.js
┣ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📜 EspecificPopup.js
┣ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📂 __tests__
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 styles.scss
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.stories.mdx
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.spec.js
┣ ┃ 📂 enums \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 errors.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 pages.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 routes.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 environments.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.js

use this:

import { UploadError } from '~/enums/errors.js'

2. Architecture

The proper architecture for projects, and how to create and name files and folders.

2.1 File Name

✅ Good:

❌ Bad:

<a name="architecture-folder"></a>

2.2 Folder Architecture

Global Components/Helpers

Global Components should only be components used in more than one place.

For example:

┣ 📂 src/components \
┣ ┣ 📂 component \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 styles.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.spec.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 index.stories.mdx

Scoped Components

We need to add inside pages/**/components, for example, all components that is need used just a context or scope, like a components that be used just a some place or specific page.

If we need to used the component again in another context or page it need to be moved to src/components.

For example:

┣ 📂 pages \
┣ ┣ 📂 Home \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 Home.js \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 Home.style.js \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 Home.spec.js \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 components \
┣ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📂 UserProfile \
┣ ┣ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📜 UserProfile.style.js \
┣ ┣ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📜 UserProfile.spec.js \
┣ ┣ ┃ ┃ ┣ 📜 UserProfile.stories.mdx \

Scoped Files

We need to add inside pages/**/{utils, helpers, context, hooks, etc...} and use camelCase as Naming Convention.

For example:

┣ 📂 pages \
┣ ┣ 📂 Home \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 utils \
┣ ┃ ┣ ┣ 📜 someUtils.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 helpers \
┣ ┣ ┣ ┣ 📜 someHelper.js
┣ ┃ ┣ 📂 hooks \
┣ ┣ ┣ ┣ 📜 useSomeHook.js

If we need use these files again in another context or page it need to be moved to src/{utils, helpers, context, hooks}.

┣ 📂 src
┣ ┣ 📂 utils \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 someUtils.js
┣ ┣ 📂 helpers \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 someHelper.js
┣ ┣ 📂 hooks \
┣ ┃ ┣ 📜 useSomeHook.js

⬆ back to summary

<a name="git"></a>

3. Git

3.0 Git Commitlint

We use Commitlint to validate our commit messages, and we have a shared rule to validade this

3.1 Commit Messages

In order to facilitate the contribution of anyone in a project, all commit messages must be in English.

We also use conventional commit messages, that is, the commit message must be in the form of a sentence, with the first word being an action, and the rest of the sentence a describing text.

We must always commit in lower-case. We are using a shared rule to validade this.

✅ Good:

git commit -m "feat: allow provided config object to extend configs"
git commit -m "docs: correct spelling of CHANGELOG"
git commit -m "feat(lang): add the Portuguese language"

❌ Bad:

git commit -m "Add placeholder on input"

⬆ back to summary

4. HTML

We main reference for HTML good patterns is W3C and MDN, behind these docs we could learn a lot with semantic and another good practices.

4.1 HTML Component Scope

We don't guest the scope of HTML components inside page, so when we start a new component, we should use a semantic tag, like section or article for example, to be able to starting to use the heading tags by context.

✅ Good:

<section class="component">
  <h1 class="title">Title</h1>
  <p>Paragraph</p>
</section>

❌ Bad:

<div class="component">
  <h4 class="title">Title</h4>
  <p>Paragraph</p>
</div>

5. CSS

The tips above could be used in any CSS framework or preprocessor, like SCSS, Styled Components and etc

5.0 CSS Stylelint

We use Stylelint to validate our code, and we have a shared rule to validade this

5.1 CSS Syntax

Keep one declaration per line.

✅ Good:

.selector-1,
.selector-2,
.selector-3 {
  ...
}

❌ Bad:

.selector-1, .selector-2, .selector-3 {
  ...
}

Separate each ruleset by a blank line.

✅ Good:

.selector-1 {
  ...
}

.selector-2 {
  ...
}

❌ Bad:

.selector-1 {
  ...
}
.selector-2 {
  ...
}

Use lowercase and avoid specifying units is zero-values.

✅ Good:

.selector-1 {
  color: #aaa;
  margin: 0;
}

❌ Bad:

.selector-1 {
  color: #aaaaaa;
  margin: 0px;
}

5.2 CSS Declaration Order

The declarations should be added in alphabetical order.

✅ Good:

.selector {
  background: #fff;
  border: #333 solid 1px;
  color: #333;
  display: flex;
  height: 200px;
  margin: 5px;
  padding: 5px;
  width: 200px;
}

❌ Bad:

.selector {
  padding: 5px;
  height: 200px;
  background: #fff;
  margin: 5px;
  width: 200px;
  color: #333;
  border: #333 solid 1px;
  display: flex;
}

5.3 CSS Class Names

Keep class lowercase and use dashes to separate the classname.

✅ Good:

.page-header { ... }

❌ Bad:

.pageHeader { ... }
.page_header { ... }

Is a good idea follows a BEM naming convention to avoid conflicts with other components. If you are using CSS-in-JS like a Styled-Component, you can use BEM if you need to nesting elements inside parent.

The main pattern is use single dash to element name, double underline to element block and double dash to style modification.

✅ Good:

/* Good */
.page-header__title { ... }
.page-header--active { ... }

.button--active { ... }

❌ Bad:

.page-header-title { ... }
.page-header-active { ... }

.active { ... }
.primary { ... }

Dashes and underline serve as natural breaks in related class. Prefix class based on the closest parent or base class.

✅ Good:

.nav { ... }
.nav__item { ... }
.nav__link { ... }

❌ Bad:

.item-nav { ... }
.link-nav { ... }

Avoid giving too short names for class and always choose meaningful names that provide the class function.

✅ Good:

/* Good */
.button { ... }
.page-header { ... }
.progress-bar { ... }

❌ Bad:

.s { ... }
.btn { ... }
.ph { ... }
.block { ... }

5.4 CSS Good Practices

Avoid use values like colors, spacing and etc directly in the elements, use variables instead, and it can be CSS variables or some preprocessor variables, always check the context.

✅ Good:

.button {
  color: var(--color-primary);
  padding: var(--space-sm);
}

❌ Bad:

.button {
  color: #333;
  padding: 16px;
}

Never use IDs to style elements, always use classes instead.

✅ Good:

.header { ... }
.section { ... }

❌ Bad:

#header { ... }
#section { ... }

Do not style directly the elements, it will create a lot of conflicts, always use classes instead.

✅ Good:

.form-control { ... }
.header { ... }
.section { ... }

❌ Bad:

input[type="text"] { ... }
header
section

Avoid nesting elements, because it decrease performance and increase the specificity of the CSS, always use classes instead.

✅ Good:

.navbar { ... }
.nav { ... }
.nav__item { ... }
.nav__link { ... }

❌ Bad:

.navbar ul { ... }
.navbar ul li { ... }
.navbar ul li a { ... }

5.5 CSS Media Queries

Start the development with generic rules and add media queries inside scope using mobile first. Also is important keep the media queries as close to their relevant rule sets whenever possible.

✅ Good:

.navbar {
  margin-bottom: var(--space);

  @media (min-width: 480px) {
    padding: 10px;
  }

  @media (min-width: 768px) {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
  }

  @media (min-width: 992px) {
    position: fixed;
  }
}

❌ Bad:

.navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;

  @media (max-width: 767px) {
    position: static;
    padding: var(--space-sm);
  }
}

5.6 Spacing and size of image and components

Is a commom problem to use width and height or all dynamic or all hardcoded, but each one has it own purpose. We should avoid using magic numbers at all times.

"Magic numbers are those numbers that appear in code without explanation, but that 'magically' make things work." Are numbers that dont have a why, but works.

5.6.1 Dynamic values

If you are using padding, margin, gap should use our Atomium tokens. Any space that override it values must be validated once our Design System is well defined around these values and our UX Teams guide must follow it. Icons, width and height that are relative to our Design System or that have sizes based on calc upon our spacing variable must also use Atomium tokens instead of magic numbers.

✅ Good:

.logout__icon {
  height: var(--spacing-xxlarge);
  width: var(--spacing-xxlarge);
}

.icon__button {
  min-width: var(--spacing-giant);
}

❌ Bad:

.logout__icon {
  height: 25px;
  width: 25px;
}

.icon__button {
  min-width: 34px;
}

5.6.2 Images and well defined components

If you are using a image, or a component that has a design size and it sizes at maximum vary from desktop/mobile, use the value of it:

✅ Good:

.shopfrom__banner {
  height: 900px;
  width: 480px;
  
  @media (min-width: 991px) {
    height: 740px;
    width: 240px;
  }
}

❌ Bad:

.shopfrom__banner {
  height: calc(4 * var(--spaceing-xxxlarge);
  width: calc(2 * var(--spacing-giant);
}

.shopfrom__banner {
  height: 480px;
  width: 170px;
  
  @media (max-width: 746px) {
    height: 740px;
    width: 240px;
  }
  
  @media (max-width: 991px) {
    height: 900px;
    width: 320px;
  }
  
  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
    height: 980px;
    width: 300px;
  }
}

5.7 Avoid using shorthand properties

Shorthand properties are great for reducing CSS, but they can also make the code harder to read and override. It's better to use longhand properties to make the code more readable and maintainable.

✅ Good:

.element {
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

❌ Bad:

.element {
  margin: 0 auto;
}

Shorthands can be used when you want to apply the same value to multiple properties.

⬆ back to summary

6. JavaScript

6.0 JavaScript Eslint

We use ESLint to validate our code, and we have a shared rule to validade this

6.1 JavaScript Code Syntax

Never use semicolons.

✅ Good:

const foo = 'bar'
const baz = 'qux'
const func = () => {}

❌ Bad:

const foo = 'bar';
const baz = 'qux';
const func = () => {};

Always use single quotes or template literals

✅ Good:

const string = 'foo'
const template = `foo`

❌ Bad:

const string = "foo"
const template = "foo"

<a name="variables"></a>

For strict equality checks === should be used in favor of ==.

✅ Good:

if (foo === 'foo') {
  statement
}

❌ Bad:

if (foo == 'foo') {
  statement
}

Add empty lines between blocks of code.

✅ Good:

const foo = () => {
  // do something
}

const bar = () => {
  // do something
}

Add empty lines between blocks of if statements.

✅ Good:

if (foo) {
  // do something
}

if (bar) {
  // do something
}

❌ Bad:

if (foo) {
  // do something
}
if (bar) {
  // do something
}

Add empty lines between before return statements.

✅ Good:

const foo = () => {
  const bar = 'bar'

  return bar
}

❌ Bad:

const foo = () => {
  const bar = 'bar'
  return bar
}

❌ Bad:

const foo = () => {
  // do something
}
const bar = () => {
  // do something
}

Remove empty lines between groups of const, let and var declarations, but use empty lines between the groups.

✅ Good:

const foo = 'foo'
const bar = 'bar'

let qux = 'qux'
let quux = 'quux'

❌ Bad:

const foo = 'foo'

const bar = 'bar'

let qux = 'qux'

let quux = 'quux'

6.2 Variables

Use meaningful, pronounceable, and in English variable names.

✅ Good:

const currentDate = new Date().toLocaleDateString('pt-BR')

❌ Bad:

const xpto = new Date().toLocaleDateString('pt-BR')

<a name="descriptive-validations"></a>

6.3 Descriptive validations (if)

Creating const to describe validations.

✅ Good:

const hasFullUserName = user.firstName && user.lastname

if (hasFullUserName) {
  //do awesome something
}

❌ Bad:

if (user.firstName && user.lastname) {
  //do something
}

<a name="avoid-multiple-ifs"></a>

6.4 Avoid multiple if's

Use an execution map instead a multiple if validations.

✅ Good:

const messagingChannels = {
  whatsapp: (message) => {
    // send message to whatsapp
  },
  email: (message) => {
    // send message to email
  }
}

const sendMessage = (message, channel) => {
  const send = messagingChannels[channel];
  return send && send(message);
}

❌ Bad:

const sendWhatsapp = (message) => {
  // send message to whatsapp
}

const sendEmail = (message) => {
  // send message to email
}

const sendMessage = (message, channel) => {
  if (channel === 'whatsapp') {
    sendWhatsapp(message)
  } else if (channel === 'email') {
    sendEmail(message)
  }
}

6.5 Code Comments

Avoid writing comments to explain the code. Use comments to answer “Why?” instead “How?”. Some cases you could write a code comment: warnings, complex expressions, or unusual decision clarification.

✅ Good:

  const TIME_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 40 // 40 minutes

  // xxxx@xxxx.xxx
  const regex = /^[a-z0-9.]+@[a-z0-9]+\.[a-z]+\.([a-z]+)?$/i

  const calculateProductsPrice = () => {
    // do something
  }

❌ Bad:

  // This coolFunction calculates the prices of the products
  const coolFunction = () => {
    // do something
  }

<a name="errors-destructuring"></a>

6.6 Avoid errors while destructuring

Its a common mistake destructuring while the object is null or undefined, the destructuring will throw an error.

✅ Good:

  const { age } = { ...null } // undefined
  const { age } = null || {} // undefined

  // other values won't throw an error
  const { emptyString } = '';
  const { nan } = NaN;
  const { emptyObject } = {};

  function foo(bar = {}) {
    const { age } = bar;
  }
  
  foo() // undefined

❌ Bad:

  const { age } = null // will throw an typeError
  const { age } = undefined // will throw an typeError

<a name="early-return"></a>

6.7 Prefer early return

Prefer early return over conditional wrapping to enhance code readability and reduce nesting.

✅ Good:

function foo() {
  if (!someValidation) return // or throw error

  // do something here

  if (!anotherValidation) return

  return 'bar'
}

❌ Bad:

function foo() {
  if (someValidation) {
    // do something here

    if (anotherValidation) {
      return 'bar'
    }
  }
}

⬆ back to summary

7. React

7.1 Keys in lists

The best way to pick a key is to use a string that uniquely identifies a list item among its siblings.

It is not recommended to use indexes for keys if the order of items can change. This can negatively affect performance and can cause problems with the component's state.

✅ Good:

array.map((item, index) => <Component key={item.id} {...item}>)

❌ Bad:

array.map((item, index) => <Component key={index} {...item}>)

7.2 useState functional updates

If the new state is calculated using the previous state, you can pass a function to setState. Thus avoiding competition between states and preventing possible bugs.

✅ Good:

const [number, setNumber] = useState(1)

return (
  <div>
    <h1>{number}</h1>
    <button onClick={() => setNumber((prevNumber) => prevNumber + 1)}>
      Increase
    </button>
    <button onClick={() => setNumber((prevNumber) => prevNumber - 1)}>
      Decrease
    </button>
  </div>
)

❌ Bad:

const [number, setNumber] = useState(1)

return (
  <div>
    <h1>{number}</h1>
    <button onClick={() => setNumber(number + 1)}>Increase</button>
    <button onClick={() => setNumber(number - 1}>Decrease</button>
  </div>
)

7.3 useEffect dependencies array

Use the useEffect dependency array to trigger side effects, and make your code cleaner.

✅ Good:

const [page, setPage] = useState(1)

useEffect(() => {
  requestListUser()
  // calls useEffect when page state changes
}, [page])

return (
  <div>
    <button onClick={() => setPage((prevState) => prevState + 1)}>
      Next Page
    </button>
  </div>
)

❌ Bad:

const [page, setPage] = useState(1)

useEffect(() => {
  requestListUser()
}, [])

const requestListUser = () => {
  setPage((prevState) => prevState + 1)
  // ...
  // any code to return user list
}

return (
  <div>
    <button onClick={() => requestListUser()}>Next Page</button>
  </div>
)

7.4 Readable components

Avoid creating very large components. If possible divided into sub-components, improving the understanding and reading of the code.

✅ Good:

const Screen = () => (
  <Container>
    <Header>
      <Title />
      <Button background="black">Filter</Button>
    </Header>

    <Main>
      <List>
        {data.map((item) => (
          <Card key={item.id} name={item.name} />
        ))}
      </List>
    </Main>
  </Container>
)

❌ Bad:

const Screen = () => (
  <Box padding={1}>
    <Box alignItems="center">
      <Text>Titulo</Text>
      <Button background="black">Filter</Button>
    </Box>
    <Box marginTop={5}>
      <Box>
        {data.map((item) => (
          <Box key={item.id}>
            <Text color="red">{item.name}</Text>
          </Box>
        ))}
      </Box>
    </Box>
  </Box>
)

7.5 Styled Component Naming Convention

Use PascalCase as a convention in styled-components

✅ Good:

export const CustomText = styled.p`
  color: 'red'
`

❌ Bad:

export const customText = styled.p`
  color: 'red'
`

7.6 Using Styled Component in React Components

Import Styled Component as S

✅ Good:

import * as S from './styles'

const MyComponent = () => (
  <S.CustomText>
    text example
  </S.CustomText>
)

❌ Bad:

import * as Style from './styles'

const MyComponent = () => (
  <Style.CustomText>
    text example
  </Style.CustomText>
)


import { CustomText } from './styles'

const MyComponent = () => (
  <CustomText>
    text example
  </CustomText>
)

7.7 Avoid compare directly strings

When know all possible values we can use enum to achieve better readability and control.

✅ Good:

const FEEDBACK = {
  CORRECT: 'correct',
  INCORRECT: 'incorrect',
}

const MyComponent = (type) => {
  const text = type === FEEDBACK.CORRECT ? '😎' : '😢'
  
  return (
    <Emoji>
      {text}
    </Emoji>
  )
}

❌ Bad:

const MyComponent = (type) => {
  const text = type === 'correct' ? '😎' : '😢'

  return (
    <Emoji>
      {text}
    </Emoji>
  )
}

7.8 Using spread operator

When creating a component wrapper we can spread the types from our original component. That way the wrapper extends all the props from the original component automatically. This is useful to avoid creating a custom interface for our wrapper with missing props from the original component.

✅ Good:

import { MenuItem, TextField } from '@mui/material';
import { TextFieldProps } from '@mui/material';

export type SelectOption = { value: string; label: string, id: string, };

export type SelectProps = TextFieldProps & {
  options: SelectOption[];
};

const Select = ({ options, ...props }: SelectProps) => {
  return (
    <TextField {...props}>
      {options.map((option) => (
        <MenuItem key={option.id} value={option.value}>
          {option.label}
        </MenuItem>
      ))}
    </TextField>
  );
};

❌ Bad:

import { MenuItem, TextField } from '@mui/material';

export type SelectOption = { value: string; label: string, id: string, };

export type SelectProps = {
  options: SelectOption[];
  disabled: boolean;
  onChange: () => void;
  value: string;
  onBlur: () => void;
};

const Select = ({
  options,
  disabled,
  onChange,
  value,
  onBlur,
} : SelectProps) => {
  return (
    <TextField
      disabled={disabled}
      onChange={handleOnChange}
      value={value}
      onBlur={handleOnBlur}
    >
      {options.map((option) => (
        <MenuItem key={option.id} value={option.value}>
          {option.label}
        </MenuItem>
      ))}
    </TextField>
  );
};

7.9 Conditional Rendering

7.9.1 Using short circuit

when we only need to validate a logical case and return a component, we can directly use the short circuit

✅ Good:

import { useState } from 'react'
import Welcome from '../components/Welcome'

const HomePage = () => {
  const [showWelcome, setShowWelcome] = useState(true)
  return showWelcome && <Welcome />
};

❌ Bad:

import { useState } from 'react'
import Welcome from '../components/Welcome'

const HomePage = () => {
  const [showWelcome, setShowWelcome] = useState(true)
  return showWelcome ? <Welcome /> : <></>
};

7.9.2 Using ternary operator

when we need to validate two logical cases and return a component in both cases, we can use the ternary instead of the if...else

✅ Good:

import { useState } from 'react'
import Welcome from '../components/Welcome'
import Dashboard from '../components/Dashboard'

const HomePage = () => {
  const [showWelcome, setShowWelcome] = useState(false)
  return showWelcome ? <Welcome /> : <Dashboard />
};

❌ Bad:

import { useState } from "react"
import Welcome from "../components/Welcome"
import Dashboard from "../components/Dashboard"

const HomePage = () => {
  const [showWelcome, setShowWelcome] = useState(false)

  if (!showWelcome) {
    return <Dashboard />
  }

  return <Welcome />
};

7.10 Enforce Boolean Attribute Notation in JSX

Consistently pass the value for boolean attributes in JSX to ensure clarity and readability.

✅ Good:

<Input type="text" disabled={true} />

❌ Bad:

<Input type="text" disabled />

⬆ back to summary

8. Vue

8.1 Keys in lists

The best way to pick a key is to use a string that uniquely identifies a list item among its siblings.

It is not recommended to use indexes for keys if the order of items can change. This can negatively affect performance and can cause problems with the component's state.

✅ Good:

<template v-for="item in items">
   <Component :key="item.id" v-bind="{...item}">
</template>

❌ Bad:

<template v-for="(item, index) in items">
   <Component :key="index" v-bind="{...item}">
</template>

8.2 Use Computed for real time updates

If you need listen changes at data use computeds instead of methods

✅ Good:

computed: {
  fullName(){
    return `${this.name} ${this.lastName}`
  }
}

❌ Bad:

methods: {
  fullName() {
    this.fullName = `${this.name} ${this.lastName}`
  }
}

8.3 Multi-word component names

Component names should always be multi-word, except for root App components, and built-in components provided by Vue.

This prevents conflicts with existing and future HTML elements, since all HTML elements are a single word.

✅ Good:

export default {
  name: 'TodoItem',
  // ...
}

❌ Bad:

export default {
  name: 'Todo',
  // ...
}

8.4 Prop definitions

In committed code, prop definitions should always be as detailed as possible, specifying at least type(s).

✅ Good:

export default {
  status: {
    type: String,
    required: true
  }
  // ...
}

❌ Bad:

export default {
  props: ['status']
  // ...
}

8.5 Vue property decorator

Vue prop decorator should not be used, use Vue.extend instead

✅ Good:

<script lang="ts">
import Vue from 'vue'

export default Vue.extend({
  name: 'MyComponent',
})
</script>

❌ Bad:

<script lang="ts">
import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-property-decorator'

@Component({})
export default class MyComponent extends Vue {
  name: 'MyComponent'
}
</script>

⬆ back to summary

9. Storybook

9.1 Story file

Create a file with the same name of your component, or index, and with the suffix .stories.mdx.

✅ Good:

❌ Bad:

⬆ back to summary

10. Testing

10.1 Write tests with "it"

Write tests with the alias "it" instead "test" method.

✅ Good:

describe('yourModule', () => {
  it('should do this thing', () => {});
});

❌ Bad:

describe('yourModule', () => {
  test('if it does this thing', () => {});
});

10.2 Using test-id

To get components during tests we use test-id custom html attributes with unique id and our own convention deeply inpired by the css's BEM. To define the test-id to a component use the follow structure: [page-name||component-name]__[element-type]--[type]

✅ Good:

❌ Bad:

10.3 Selecting component

To select a component in order to test a behavior of to trigger any event we must use ou test-id attribute to select it.

✅ Good:

describe('yourModule', () => {
  it('should do trigger click event', () => {
    const button = wrapper.find('[data-testid="login__button--forgot-password"]')
  });
});

❌ Bad:

describe('yourModule', () => {
  it('should do trigger click event', () => {
    const button = wrapper.find('button.btn-primary')
  });
});

⬆ back to summary

11. Typescript

11.1 Do not use any type

Avoid using any type. It's best to use the type that is more specific whenever possible. Prefer to use unknown when necessary.

✅ Good:

function foo(x: unknown) {}

function foo(): unknown {}

❌ Bad:

function foo(x: any) {}

function foo(): any {}

11.2 Naming convention

For convention, use PascalCase for type names.

✅ Good:

type MyBeautifulType = {
  name: string
  age: number
}

❌ Bad:

type myBeautifulType = {
  name: string
  age: number
}

The same to Enum keys.

✅ Good:

enum UserResponse {
  NotSuccess = 0,
  Success = 1,
}

❌ Bad:

enum UserResponse {
  NOT_SUCCESS = 0,
  success = 1,
}

11.3 Exporting types

Do not export types/functions unless you need to use it across multiple components.

11.4 Types within a file

Within a file, type definitions should come first.

✅ Good:

// imports...

type MyBeautifulType = {
  name: string
  age: number
}

// rest of the file...

❌ Bad:

// imports...

// part of the file...

type MyBeautifulType = {
  name: string
  age: number
}

// rest of the file...

11.5 Increase legible

Create a type for increase legible

✅ Good:

type PersonType = {
  name: string
  age: number
  birthDate: string
};

const Person = ({ name, age, birthDate }: PersonType) => {
  // ...
};

❌ Bad:

const Person = ({
  name,
  age,
  birthDate,
}: {
  name: string,
  age: number,
  birthDate: string,
}) => {
  // ...
};

11.6 Type or Interface

We use type when its usage is inside the same file and interface when it is exported.

✅ Good:

type ProductType = {
  name: string
  code: number
  value: string
};

export interface OrderList {
 orderNumber: number
 seller: string
 products: ProductType[]
}

❌ Bad:

interface ProductType {
  name: string
  code: number
  value: string
};

export type OrderList = {
 orderNumber: number
 seller: string
 products: ProductType[]
}

We follow the principle the official TypeScript doc:

For publicly exposed types, it's a better call to make them an interface.