Awesome
hsmwiz
HSMWiz is a frontend for OpenSC to ease handling of HSMs like the NitroKey HSM USB smart card. It was previously called "nitrotool" since it only targeted the NitroKey, but has since been renamed because it actually is not using anything specific to the NitroKey.
Basically, it is just boilerplate that does nothing more than what is already described in the excellent OpenSC tutorial for the Smart Card HSM. However, there's some annoying issues with that -- multiple tools are needed (pkcs11-tool, pkcs15-tool, sc-hsm-tool, OpenSSL) and output formats are sometimes not very user friendly (e.g., public keys are exported as binary DER blobs instead of PEM files). So I wrote this little frontend to encapsulate common tasks a bit.
Hardware
The hardware I'm working with is the NitroKey HSM, which is a quite affordable smart-card based USB HSM. I'm in no way affiliated with them whatsoever, just think they have a pretty cool product.
CA management and PKI
Once you've a good grip on keys that are working on your HSM, you might want to use it to create a CA and issue certificates signed by that CA (which has its key on a hardware token such as the NitroKey HSM). Lucky you, check out the x509sak (X.509 Swiss Army Knife), the sibling project of hsmwiz, which has that exact capability.
Usage
All commands have comprehensive help pages. You can get a summary of available commands by typing:
$ hsmwiz
Syntax: hsmwiz [command] [options]
Available commands:
Options vary from command to command. To receive further info, type
hsmwiz [command] --help
identify Check if a HSM is connected and list all contents
verifypin Try to login a HSM by entering a PIN or SO-PIN
checkengine Check if the OpenSSL engine driver works
init Initialize the smartcard for the first time, set default
SO-PIN and PIN
format Reinitialize the smartcard completely (removing all keys
and certificates) and set SO-PIN and PIN back to their
factory default
changepin Change device PIN or SO-PIN
explore Explore the smartcard structure interactively
unblock Unblock the transponder's blocked PIN using the SO-PIN
keygen Create a new private keypair on the smartcard
getkey Fetch a public key from the smartcard
removekey Remove a keypair from the smartcard
gencsr Generate a certificate signing request from a HSM-
contained private key
gencrt Generate a self-signed certificate from a HSM-contained
private key
putcrt Put a certificate on the smartcard
Then, you can lookup individual help pages:
$ hsmwiz keygen --help
usage: hsmwiz keygen [--id key_id] [--label key_label] [--pin pin]
[--so-path path] [-v] [--help]
keyspec
Create a new private keypair on the smartcard
positional arguments:
keyspec Key specification string to generate. Can be either
'rsa:BITLENGTH' or 'EC:CURVENAME'. Examples are
'rsa:1024', 'EC:brainpool256r1' or 'EC:prime256v1'.
optional arguments:
--id key_id Specifies the key ID to use for generating the new key.
Must be an integer and defaults to 1.
--label key_label Specifies the key label to use for generating the new
key.
--pin pin Specifies the PIN of the smartcard. If this argument is
not given, the command will ask for it interactively.
--so-path path Search path, separated by ':' characters, in which to
look for shared objects like opensc-pkcs11.so. Defaults
to /usr/local/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
-v, --verbose Increase verbosity. Can be specified multiple times.
--help Show this help page.
Example: General Stuff
You can first query a transponder:
$ hsmwiz identify
Using reader with a card: Nitrokey Nitrokey HSM (010000000000000000000000) 00 00
Version : 2.6
Config options :
User PIN reset with SO-PIN enabled
SO-PIN tries left : 15
User PIN tries left : 3
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Default SO-PIN: 3537363231383830 Default PIN: 648219
pkcs15-tool --dump
Using reader with a card: Nitrokey Nitrokey HSM (010000000000000000000000) 00 00
PKCS#15 Card [SmartCard-HSM]:
Version : 0
Serial number : DENK#######
Manufacturer ID: www.CardContact.de
Flags :
PIN [UserPIN]
Object Flags : [0x3], private, modifiable
Auth ID : 02
ID : 01
Flags : [0x812], local, initialized, exchangeRefData
Length : min_len:6, max_len:15, stored_len:0
Pad char : 0x00
Reference : 129 (0x81)
Type : ascii-numeric
Path : e82b0601040181c31f0201::
Tries left : 3
PIN [SOPIN]
Object Flags : [0x1], private
ID : 02
Flags : [0x9A], local, unblock-disabled, initialized, soPin
Length : min_len:16, max_len:16, stored_len:0
Pad char : 0x00
Reference : 136 (0x88)
Type : bcd
Path : e82b0601040181c31f0201::
Tries left : 15
Then, you could use it to generate a new private key:
$ hsmwiz genkey EC:prime256v1 --label fookey
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "UserPIN (SmartCard-HSM)".
Please enter User PIN:
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
label: fookey
ID: 01
Usage: sign, derive
Public Key Object; EC EC_POINT 256 bits
EC_POINT: 04410416d236f109229332666236b7af0d46d547cbb125151e1a6a657f2b2b8495b9207d40836ae3f276b55a8989385f46f16006677939b580b66636086dc3f095a4e2
EC_PARAMS: 06082a8648ce3d030107
label: fookey
ID: 01
Usage: verify, derive
Check if that worked by identifying again:
$ hsmwiz id
[...]
Private EC Key [fookey]
Object Flags : [0x3], private, modifiable
Usage : [0x10C], sign, signRecover, derive
Access Flags : [0x1D], sensitive, alwaysSensitive, neverExtract, local
FieldLength : 256
Key ref : 1 (0x1)
Native : yes
Auth ID : 01
ID : 01
MD:guid : 7a767d92-49ec-5894-ddf2-ca7dc72ee476
Public EC Key [fookey]
Object Flags : [0x0]
Usage : [0x40], verify
Access Flags : [0x2], extract
FieldLength : 256
Key ref : 0 (0x0)
Native : no
ID : 01
DirectValue : <present>
Grab the public key:
$ hsmwiz getpubkey --label fookey
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Logging in to "UserPIN (SmartCard-HSM)".
Please enter User PIN:
# ECC key:
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEFtI28QkikzJmYja3rw1G1UfLsSUV
HhpqZX8rK4SVuSB9QINq4/J2tVqJiThfRvFgBmd5ObWAtmY2CG3D8JWk4g==
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
Or create a CSR from a HSM key:
$ hsmwiz gencsr --pin 648219
engine "pkcs11" set.
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
MIHVMH0CAQAwGzEZMBcGA1UEAwwQTml0cm9LZXkgRXhhbXBsZTBZMBMGByqGSM49
AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHA0IABBbSNvEJIpMyZmI2t68NRtVHy7ElFR4aamV/KyuElbkg
fUCDauPydrVaiYk4X0bxYAZneTm1gLZmNghtw/CVpOKgADAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNI
ADBFAiBybom3wRlgBDmNsm34rcOol62sgi0BHbz2PqJvwBshpgIhALdHw+PkEFeJ
pQD+3QcftVe9CZJu0uW25MEcg3S/yKOG
-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----
Example: Setting up a NitroKey HSM for SSH authentication
Generate a key. For OpenSSH before v8.0, this has to be an RSA key. You can create an ECDSA/secp256r1 key by using:
$ hsmwiz genkey --id 2 --label my-ec-ssh-key --pin 648219 EC:prime256v1
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; EC
label: sshkey
ID: 02
Usage: sign, derive
Public Key Object; EC EC_POINT 256 bits
EC_POINT: 044104ae19243bc5847e589392ffd6e4a463fd64826db96664b7d61a26c22eb523808bb4e8a31018be80f7aa1353c1f082a1a0c52ae4678129aad91f7908e62ad3081d
EC_PARAMS: 06082a8648ce3d030107
label: sshkey
ID: 02
Usage: verify, derive
Alternatively (e.g., if your OpenSSH version doesn't permit ECDSA/PKCS#11), create an RSA keypair inside the HSM:
$ hsmwiz genkey --id 1 --label my-ssh-key --pin 648219 rsa:2048
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
Key pair generated:
Private Key Object; RSA
label: my-ssh-key
ID: 01
Usage: decrypt, sign, unwrap
Public Key Object; RSA 2048 bits
label: my-ssh-key
ID: 01
Usage: encrypt, verify, wrap
After you have created a key, you can easily extract the public key you just created from the NitroKey in SSH format. For the ECC case, this is done by:
$ hsmwiz getkey --id 2 --key-format ssh --pin 648219
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBK4ZJDvFhH5Yk5L/1uSkY/1kgm25ZmS31homwi61I4CLtOijEBi+gPeqE1PB8IKhoMUq5GeBKarZH3kI5irTCB0=
Or in the case of the RSA example:
$ hsmwiz getkey --id 1 --key-format ssh --pin 648219
Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCV6Fqr80gKq+wV+MA0dMltHTuwMwyVLBvLPdtVYdsw4S2YAjfTDnLATFHOhId/fFDMbSv9qH3YI/F8ryXM8MY53J1bd3Vd5iPbnG8/Azk0F5IUw9u/bhL6/39nFWJqSKww68pe4BFtCHMfPLchT9A6lMk0QOe8rU8VNkgcZsMfQ+iDzd5OmEC7JdlJSY7kCSPHkF/SoJLk5BuftV3kVCm2VAhkMgObbNnw3xHoiL0yv/JZyBly+ssDog72EkNvbYL9bvVMk2ZqYhLESPTwMnh7x1DyznlIC2R3XuqKkrQ5ztMblCAli5S7s1yYSKj4jCYzyIZf2nfPoCTTiqNs7Eyd
Add the public key line to the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file on the user/host
you want to authenticate with (i.e., the one with the OpenSSH server).
When you want to login to that server using the HSM, do:
$ ssh -o "PKCS11Provider opensc-pkcs11.so" joe@reliant
Enter PIN for 'UserPIN (SmartCard-HSM)':
Welcome to Ubuntu 17.10 (GNU/Linux 4.13.0 x86_64)
Last login: Sat Apr 7 18:40:52 2018 from 127.0.0.1
reliant joe [~]:
You'll notice that you were asked to enter your NitroKey PIN. After entry, it allows SSH access!
Dependencies
hsmwiz itself only depends on Python3, but assumes you've installed PC/SC, OpenSC and OpenSSL. It'll use those tools on the command line.
License
GNU GPL-3.