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Lakekeeper Catalog for Apache Iceberg

This is Lakekeeper: A Rust-native implementation of the Apache Iceberg REST Catalog specification based on apache/iceberg-rust.

If you have questions, feature requests or just want a chat, we are hanging around in Discord!

Next Steps

The catalog is evolving quickly. Especially internal rust APIs are not stable and subject to change. External REST APIs are kept as stable as possible, especially the /catalog API is stable as of today.

Release 0.5.0: Our biggest release yet is coming early November. It includes Fine Grained Access Control, a first simple UI and much more.
Release 0.6.0: With Release 0.6.0 we focus on stabilizing some of our most recent features and significantly improve our Docs. Docusaurus is coming!

Quickstart

A Docker Container is available on quay.io. We have prepared a self-contained docker-compose file to demonstrate the usage of spark with our catalog:

git clone https://github.com/lakekeeper/lakekeeper.git
cd lakekeeper/examples/self-contained
docker compose up

Then open your browser and head to localhost:8888.

For more information on deployment, please check the User Guide.

Scope and Features

The Iceberg Catalog REST interface has become the standard for catalogs in open Lakehouses. It natively enables multi-table commits, server-side deconflicting and much more. It is figuratively the (TIP) of the Iceberg.

We have started this implementation because we were missing customizability, support for on-premise deployments and other features that are important for us in existing Iceberg Catalogs. Please find following some of our focuses with this implementation:

Customizable: Our implementation is meant to be extended. We expose the Database implementation, Secrets, Authorization, EventPublishing and ContractValidation as interfaces (Traits). This allows you to tap into any Access management system of your company or stream change events to any system you like - simply by implementing a handful methods. Please find more details in the Customization Guide.
Change Events: Built-in support to emit change events (CloudEvents), which enables you to react to any change that happen to your tables.
Change Approval: Changes can also be prohibited by external systems. This can be used to prohibit changes to tables that would invalidate Data Contracts, Quality SLOs etc. Simply integrate with your own change approval via our ContractVerification trait.
Multi-Tenant capable: A single deployment of our catalog can serve multiple projects - all with a single entrypoint. All Iceberg and Warehouse configurations are completely separated between Warehouses.
Written in Rust: Single 30Mb all-in-one binary - no JVM or Python env required.
Storage Access Management: Built-in S3-Signing that enables support for self-hosted as well as AWS S3 WITHOUT sharing S3 credentials with clients. We are also working on vended-credentials!
Well-Tested: Integration-tested with spark, pyiceberg, trino and starrocks.
High Available & Horizontally Scalable: There is no local state - the catalog can be scaled horizontally and updated without downtimes.
Openid provider integration: Use your own identity provider to secure access to the APIs, just set LAKEKEEPER__OPENID_PROVIDER_URI and you are good to go.
Fine Grained Access (FGA) (Coming soon): Simple Role-Based access control is not enough for many rapidly evolving Data & Analytics initiatives. We are leveraging OpenFGA based on googles Zanzibar-Paper to implement authorization. If your company already has a different system in place, you can integrate with it by implementing a handful of methods in the AuthZHandler trait.

Please find following an overview of currently supported features. Please also check the Issues if you are missing something.

Status

Supported Operations - Iceberg-Rest

Operation	Status	Description
Namespace		All operations implemented
Table		All operations implemented - additional integration tests in development
Views		Remove unused files and log entries
Metrics		Endpoint is available but doesn't store the metrics

Storage Profile Support

Storage	Status	Comment
S3 - AWS		vended-credentials & remote-signing, assume role missing
S3 - Custom		vended-credentials & remote-signing, tested against minio
Azure ADLS Gen2
Azure Blob
Microsoft OneLake
Google Cloud Storage

Details on how to configure the storage profiles can be found in the Storage Guide.

Supported Catalog Backends

Backend	Status	Comment
Postgres
MongoDB

Supported Secret Stores

Backend	Status	Comment
Postgres
kv2 (hcp-vault)		userpass auth

Supported Event Stores

Backend	Status	Comment
Nats
Kafka

Supported Operations - Management API

Operation	Status	Description
Warehouse Management		Create / Update / Delete a Warehouse
AuthZ		Manage access to warehouses, namespaces and tables
More to come!

Auth(N/Z) Handlers

Operation	Status	Description
OIDC (AuthN)		Secure access to the catalog via OIDC
Custom (AuthZ)		If you are willing to implement a single rust Trait, the `AuthZHandler` can be implement to connect to your system
OpenFGA (AuthZ)		Internal Authorization management

Multiple Projects / Multi-Tenancy

Lakekeeper can host multiple independent projects that each host multiple warehouses. The overall structure looks like this:

<project-1-uuid>/
├─ foo-warehouse
├─ bar-warehouse
<project-2-uuid>/
├─ foo-warehouse
├─ bas-warehouse

Each Project in Lakekeeper corresponds to a distinct Application Object within your IdP, enabling genuine Multi-Tenancy. A single instance of Lakekeeper can host multiple Projects, ensuring separation at all levels, including Authentication. Our Multi-Tenancy definition is broader than most catalogs. While other catalogs may consider hosting multiple warehouses under a single IdP Application as Multi-Tenancy, a single Lakekeeper Project can achieve that and more.

As this additional layer isn't necessary for most deployments, the LAKEKEEPER__ENABLE_DEFAULT_PROJECT configuration option is set to true by default. This setting effectively disables multi-tenancy by defaulting to a project with the NIL UUID ("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000") as the project-id.

To enable multi-project setups, simply set LAKEKEEPER__ENABLE_DEFAULT_PROJECT to false. Multi-project setups require additional configuration to include project-ids in HTTP headers and separate authentication audiences. This documentation does not cover these steps yet. Of course, hosting multiple warehouses within a single Lakekeeper Project is also possible.

Undrop Tables

When a table or view is dropped, it is not immediately deleted from the catalog. Instead, it is marked as dropped and a job for its cleanup is scheduled. The table, including its data if purgeRequested=True, is then deleted after the configured LAKEKEEPER__DEFAULT_TABULAR_EXPIRATION_DELAY_SECONDS (default: 7 days) have passed. This will allow for a recovery of tables that have been dropped by accident.

Undrop of a table is only possible if soft-deletes are enabled for a Warehouse.

Configuration

The basic setup of the Catalog is configured via environment variables. As this catalog supports a multi-tenant setup, each catalog ("warehouse") also comes with its own configuration options including its Storage Configuration. The documentation of the Management-API for warehouses is hosted at the unprotected /swagger-ui endpoint.

Following options are global and apply to all warehouses:

General

Previous to Lakekeeper Version 0.5.0 please prefix all environment variables with ICEBERG_REST__ instead of LAKEKEEPER__.

Variable	Example	Description
`LAKEKEEPER__BASE_URI`	`https://example.com:8080`	Base URL where the catalog is externally reachable. Default: `https://localhost:8080`
`LAKEKEEPER__ENABLE_DEFAULT_PROJECT`	`true`	If `true`, the NIL Project ID ("00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000") is used as a default if the user does not specify a project when connecting. This option is enabled by default, which we recommend for all single-project (single-tenant) setups. Default: `true`.
`LAKEKEEPER__RESERVED_NAMESPACES`	`system,examples`	Reserved Namespaces that cannot be created via the REST interface
`LAKEKEEPER__METRICS_PORT`	`9000`	Port where the metrics endpoint is reachable. Default: `9000`
`LAKEKEEPER__LISTEN_PORT`	`8080`	Port the server listens on. Default: `8080`
`LAKEKEEPER__SECRET_BACKEND`	`postgres`	The secret backend to use. If `kv2` is chosen, you need to provide additional parameters found under Default: `postgres`, one-of: [`postgres`, `kv2`]
`ICEBERG_DEFAULT_TABULAR_EXPIRATION_DELAY_SECONDS`	`86400`	Time after which a tabular, i.e. View or Table which has been dropped is going to be deleted. Default: `86400` [7 days]

Self-signed certificates in dependencies (e.g. minio)

You may be running Lakekeeper in your own environment which uses self-signed certificates for e.g. minio. Lakekeeper is built with reqwest's rustls-tls-native-roots feature activated, this means SSL_CERT_FILE and SSL_CERT_DIR are respected. If both are not set, the system's default CA store is used. If you want to use a custom CA store, set SSL_CERT_FILE to the path of the CA file or SSL_CERT_DIR to the path of the CA directory. The certificate used by the server cannot be a CA. It needs to be an end entity certificate, else you may run into CaUsedAsEndEntity errors.

Task queues

Currently, the catalog uses two task queues, one to ultimately delete soft-deleted tabulars and another to purge tabulars which have been deleted with the purgeRequested=True query parameter. The task queues are configured as follows:

Variable	Example	Description
`LAKEKEEPER__QUEUE_CONFIG__MAX_RETRIES`	5	Number of retries before a task is considered failed Default: 5
`LAKEKEEPER__QUEUE_CONFIG__MAX_AGE`	3600	Amount of seconds before a task is considered stale and could be picked up by another worker. Default: 3600
`LAKEKEEPER__QUEUE_CONFIG__POLL_INTERVAL`	10	Amount of seconds between polling for new tasks. Default: 10

The queues are currently implemented using the sqlx Postgres backend. If you want to use a different backend, you need to implement the TaskQueue trait.

Postgres

Configuration parameters if Postgres is used as a backend, you may either provide connection strings or use the PG_* environment variables, connection strings take precedence:

Variable	Example	Description
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_DATABASE_URL_READ`	`postgres://postgres:password@localhost:5432/iceberg`	Postgres Database connection string used for reading
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_DATABASE_URL_WRITE`	`postgres://postgres:password@localhost:5432/iceberg`	Postgres Database connection string used for writing.
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_ENCRYPTION_KEY`	`<This is unsafe, please set a proper key>`	If `LAKEKEEPER__SECRET_BACKEND=postgres`, this key is used to encrypt secrets. It is required to change this for production deployments.
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_READ_POOL_CONNECTIONS`	`10`	Number of connections in the read pool
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_WRITE_POOL_CONNECTIONS`	`5`	Number of connections in the write pool
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_HOST_R`	`localhost`	Hostname for read operations
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_HOST_W`	`localhost`	Hostname for write operations
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_PORT`	`5432`	Port number
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_USER`	`postgres`	Username for authentication
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_PASSWORD`	`password`	Password for authentication
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_DATABASE`	`iceberg`	Database name
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_SSL_MODE`	`require`	SSL mode (disable, allow, prefer, require)
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_SSL_ROOT_CERT`	`/path/to/root/cert`	Path to SSL root certificate
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_ENABLE_STATEMENT_LOGGING`	`true`	Enable SQL statement logging
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_TEST_BEFORE_ACQUIRE`	`true`	Test connections before acquiring from the pool
`LAKEKEEPER__PG_CONNECTION_MAX_LIFETIME`	`1800`	Maximum lifetime of connections in seconds

KV2 (HCP Vault)

Configuration parameters if a KV2 compatible storage is used as a backend. Currently, we only support the userpass authentication method. You may provide the envs as single values like LAKEKEEPER__KV2__URL=http://vault.local etc. or as a compound value like: LAKEKEEPER__KV2='{url="http://localhost:1234", user="test", password="test", secret_mount="secret"}'

Variable	Example	Description
`LAKEKEEPER__KV2__URL`	`https://vault.local`	URL of the KV2 backend
`LAKEKEEPER__KV2__USER`	`admin`	Username to authenticate against the KV2 backend
`LAKEKEEPER__KV2__PASSWORD`	`password`	Password to authenticate against the KV2 backend
`LAKEKEEPER__KV2__SECRET_MOUNT`	`kv/data/iceberg`	Path to the secret mount in the KV2 backend

Nats

If you want the server to publish events to a NATS server, set the following environment variables:

Variable	Example	Description
`LAKEKEEPER__NATS_ADDRESS`	`nats://localhost:4222`	The URL of the NATS server to connect to
`LAKEKEEPER__NATS_TOPIC`	`iceberg`	The subject to publish events to
`LAKEKEEPER__NATS_USER`	`test-user`	User to authenticate against nats, needs `LAKEKEEPER__NATS_PASSWORD`
`LAKEKEEPER__NATS_PASSWORD`	`test-password`	Password to authenticate against nats, needs `LAKEKEEPER__NATS_USER`
`LAKEKEEPER__NATS_CREDS_FILE`	`/path/to/file.creds`	Path to a file containing nats credentials
`LAKEKEEPER__NATS_TOKEN`	`xyz`	Nats token to authenticate against server

OpenID Connect

If you want to limit ac cess to the API, set LAKEKEEPER__OPENID_PROVIDER_URI to the URI of your OpenID Connect Provider. The catalog will then verify access tokens against this provider. The provider must have the .well-known/openid-configuration endpoint under ${LAKEKEEPER__OPENID_PROVIDER_URI}/.well-known/openid-configuration and the openid-configuration needs to have the jwks_uri and issuer defined.

If LAKEKEEPER__OPENID_PROVIDER_URI is set, every request needs have an authorization header, e.g.

curl {your-catalog-url}/catalog/v1/transactions/commit -X POST -H "authorization: Bearer {your-token-here}" -H "content-type: application/json" -d ...

Variable	Example	Description
`LAKEKEEPER__OPENID_PROVIDER_URI`	`https://keycloak.local/realms/{your-realm}`	OpenID Provider URL, with keycloak this is the url pointing to your realm, for Azure App Registration it would be something like `https://login.microsoftonline.com/{your-tenant-id-here}/v2.0/`. If this variable is not set, endpoints are not secured

License

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0