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gtirb-rewriting
Overview
The gtirb-rewriting package provides a Python API for rewriting GTIRB files.
Getting Started
See the documentation in the Getting Started guide.
Watch the gtirb-rewriting presentation which introduces gtirb-rewriting and then demonstrates writing an example binary transform from scratch.
Supported ABIs
| ISA | File Format |
|---|---|
| ARM64 | ELF |
| IA32 (x86) | PE |
| X64 (x86-64) | ELF |
| X64 (x86-64) | PE |
Design
A Pass registers changes to be made in a module with the RewritingContext
passed to begin_module.
When using RewritingContext.register_insert, each change has a given Scope
and a Patch to apply. The Scope allows the pass to declaratively state
where the patch should be applied. Currently supported are:
AllBlocksScopeto insert in every basic blockAllFunctionsScopeto insert into every function's entry blocks or exit blocks.SingleBlockScopeto insert at a specific block
Alternatively, RewritingContext.insert_at and RewritingConext.replace_at
take an exact location of function / block / offset to insert at.
A Patch consists of a method to generate an assembly string and a
Constraints object that describes metadata about the assembly (e.g. what
registers it clobbers or how many scratch registers it needs).
Once all changes from all passes have been registered, the rewriting context finds concrete insertion locations to insert the patch into. This is based off of the scope requested and the constraints in the patch. If the scope allows it, the rewriting context may attempt to find a location that is cheaper (e.g. requires no register spills). This is called bubbling.
After resolving the concrete insertion location, the patch is asked to generate its assembly code. The assembly is then assembled to machine code and inserted into the GTIRB representation. If the assembly refers to any symbols, the rewriting API will look them up in the GTIRB module's symbol table (asserting that they exist) and create the appropriate symbolic expressions. Also, if the patch's constraints require additional work like aligning the stack or spilling to free up the requested scratch register, this code will be generated at this point.
A pass may optionally be called back after all patches have been applied with
the end_module method. This provides an opportunity to do per-module work,
such as writing an edge map for a profiling pass.
Aux Data Tables
gtirb-rewriting uses some non-standardized aux data tables for preserving state across rewrites.
| <!-- --> | <!-- --> |
|---|---|
| Label | "leafFunctions" . |
| Type | std::map<gtirb:UUID,uint8_t> |
| Key | The gtirb::UUID of a function. |
| Value | Whether or not the function was a leaf function (0/1). |
| AttachedTo | gtirb::Module |
| Notes | This table tracks whether functions were leaf functions when gtirb-rewriting initially saw them, which may not reflect the current state as rewriting passes can add calls. |
Copyright and Acknowledgments
Copyright (C) 2020 GrammaTech, Inc.
This code is licensed under the GPLv3 license. See the LICENSE file in the project root for license terms.
This project is sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, One Liberty Center, 875 N. Randolph Street, Arlington, VA 22203 under contract #N68335-17-C-0700. The content of the information does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Government and no official endorsement should be inferred.