Awesome
zkVM-Architecture
A Zero-Knowledge Virtual Machine (zkVM) architecture designed for Layer 2 scaling solutions, enabling privacy-preserving computation with zero-knowledge proofs
Architecture Diagram
graph TB
subgraph "Layer 1 - Ethereum Mainnet"
L1[Ethereum] --> Bridge[Bridge Contract]
Bridge --> Verifier[ZK Verifier Contract]
end
subgraph "Layer 2 - zkVM"
Bridge <--> Sequencer[Sequencer]
Sequencer --> BatchSubmitter[Batch Submitter]
subgraph "zkVM Runtime Environment"
BatchSubmitter --> ExecutionManager[Execution Manager]
ExecutionManager --> StateManager[State Manager]
StateManager --> CircuitValidator[Circuit Validator]
subgraph "Transaction Processing"
ExecutionManager --> ZKTranspiler[ZK Transpiler]
ZKTranspiler --> ArithmeticCircuit[Arithmetic Circuit]
ArithmeticCircuit --> ProofGenerator[Proof Generator]
end
end
ProofGenerator --> ZKProof[ZK Proof System]
ZKProof --> Bridge
end
User[User] --> Sequencer
Core Components
- zkVM Runtime Environment
interface IZKVMRuntime { struct ExecutionContext { uint256 blockNumber; uint256 timestamp; bytes32 stateRoot; bytes32 zkProof; } function executeTransaction( bytes calldata txData, ExecutionContext calldata context ) external returns (bytes32 newStateRoot, bytes32 proof); }
- Circuit Components
// Arithmetic Circuit Definition struct ArithmeticCircuit { // R1CS constraints constraints: Vec<Constraint>, // Witness variables witness: Vec<Fr>, // Public inputs public_inputs: Vec<Fr>, } // Proof Generator struct ProofGenerator { // Setup parameters proving_key: ProvingKey, // Verification key verification_key: VerificationKey, }
- State Management
interface IStateManager { // Commit state update with ZK proof function commitStateUpdate( bytes32 oldStateRoot, bytes32 newStateRoot, bytes calldata zkProof ) external returns (bool); }
Communication Flow
Transaction Processing
sequenceDiagram
participant User
participant Sequencer
participant zkVM
participant ProofGen
participant L1
User->>Sequencer: Submit Tx
Sequencer->>zkVM: Process Tx
zkVM->>ProofGen: Generate Proof
ProofGen->>L1: Submit Proof
Proof Verification
sequenceDiagram
participant ProofGen
participant Bridge
participant Verifier
participant L1State
ProofGen->>Bridge: Submit ZK Proof
Bridge->>Verifier: Verify Proof
Verifier->>L1State: Update State
Security Features
- Zero-Knowledge Proof System
interface ZKProofSystem { // Generate proof function generateProof( Circuit circuit, Witness witness ): Promise<Proof>; // Verify proof function verifyProof( Proof proof, VerificationKey vk ): Promise<boolean>; }
- Circuit Validation
impl CircuitValidator { // Validate circuit constraints fn validate_constraints(&self) -> Result<(), Error>; // Check witness satisfaction fn check_witness(&self, witness: &Witness) -> bool; }
Performance Optimizations
- Recursive Proofs
interface RecursiveProver { // Aggregate multiple proofs function aggregateProofs( Proof[] proofs ): Promise<Proof>; // Verify recursive proof function verifyRecursiveProof( Proof aggregateProof ): Promise<boolean>; }
- Batch Processing
contract BatchProcessor { // Process multiple transactions in single proof function processBatch( Transaction[] calldata txs, bytes32 oldStateRoot ) external returns ( bytes32 newStateRoot, bytes32 zkProof ); }
Implementation Details
- Circuit Construction
// R1CS constraint system struct R1CSConstraints { a: Vec<Vec<(usize, Fr)>>, b: Vec<Vec<(usize, Fr)>>, c: Vec<Vec<(usize, Fr)>>, } // Witness generation struct WitnessGenerator { fn generate_witness( &self, public_inputs: &[Fr], private_inputs: &[Fr] ) -> Result<Witness, Error>; }
- Proof Generation
impl ProofGenerator { // Generate SNARK proof fn generate_snark( &self, circuit: &Circuit, witness: &Witness ) -> Result<Proof, Error>; // Verify SNARK proof fn verify_snark( &self, proof: &Proof, public_inputs: &[Fr] ) -> bool; }