Awesome

Layer2-Architecture

Layer 2 scaling solutions build on top of Ethereum (L1) to provide increased throughput and reduced costs while inheriting L1's security guarantees.

Architecture Diagram

graph TB
    subgraph "Layer 1 - Ethereum"
        L1[Ethereum Mainnet]
        L1Contracts[L1 Contracts]
        Bridge[Bridge Contracts]
        
        L1 --- L1Contracts
        L1Contracts --- Bridge
    end

    subgraph "Layer 2"
        subgraph "Core Components"
            Sequencer[Sequencer]
            StateManager[State Manager]
            VM[Virtual Machine]
            ProofSystem[Proof System]
        end
        
        subgraph "Data Management"
            BatchBuilder[Batch Builder]
            StateCommitments[State Commitments]
            DataAvailability[Data Availability]
        end
        
        subgraph "User Interface"
            RPC[RPC Endpoint]
            APIs[APIs]
        end
    end
    
    Users[Users] --> RPC
    RPC --> Sequencer
    Sequencer --> BatchBuilder
    BatchBuilder --> Bridge
    StateManager --> StateCommitments
    StateCommitments --> Bridge
    ProofSystem --> Bridge

Communication Flow

Transaction Flow

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant L2 Sequencer
    participant Batch Builder
    participant L1 Bridge
    
    User->>L2 Sequencer: Submit Transaction
    L2 Sequencer->>Batch Builder: Collect Transactions
    Batch Builder->>L1 Bridge: Submit Batch
    L1 Bridge->>L1 Bridge: Verify & Store

State Updates

sequenceDiagram
    participant L2 State
    participant State Manager
    participant Proof System
    participant L1 Contract
    
    L2 State->>State Manager: Update State
    State Manager->>Proof System: Generate Proof
    Proof System->>L1 Contract: Submit State Root

Key Components

• Bridge System

  interface IL1Bridge {
    // Deposit assets from L1 to L2
    function deposit(
        address l1Token,
        address l2Token,
        uint256 amount,
        uint32 gasLimit
    ) external payable;
    
    // Initiate withdrawal from L2 to L1
    function withdraw(
        address l1Token,
        address l2Token,
        uint256 amount
    ) external;
    
    // Finalize L2 to L1 withdrawal
    function finalizeWithdrawal(
        uint256 withdrawalId,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external;
  }
  

• State Management

  interface IStateManager {
    // Submit state root
    function submitStateRoot(
        bytes32 stateRoot,
        bytes32 batchRoot,
        bytes proof
    ) external;
    
    // Verify state transition
    function verifyStateTransition(
        bytes32 fromState,
        bytes32 toState,
        bytes proof
    ) external returns (bool);
  }
  

Security Mechanisms

• Fraud Proof System
  • Challenge Period: 7 days
  • Interactive Fraud Proof
  • Automatic Resolution
• Data Availability(DA)
  • All transaction data posted to L1
  • Compressed format for efficiency
  • Verifiable data availability

Optimization Techniques

• Batch Processing

  interface BatchProcessor {
    maxBatchSize: number;
    batchTimeout: number;
    
    async processBatch(txs: Transaction[]): Promise<BatchResult> {
        // Compress transactions
        // Generate batch proof
        // Submit to L1
    }
  }
  

• State Compression
  • Merkle-Patricia Tries
  • Witness Generation
  • Efficient Storage