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kernel - Polar D8 kernel

This project includes basicaly the bootloader, the core kernel and the init process.

[!IMPORTANT] Polar D8 kernel is in a pre-alpha state, and only suitable for use by developers.

This image shows the first process that runs after the kernel initialization.

Screenshot

You can install a desktop environment on top of the kernel. The default, the desktop environment can be found in the polard8/de/ repository.

What is Polar D8 Kernel?

This project includes basicaly the bootloader, the core kernel and the init process.

What is Gramado Operating System?

GramadoOS is a 64bit graphical operating system. It has a bootloader, a kernel and a desktop environment. This is the first ditribution created using the Polar D8 kernel.

What is the category it belongs to?

Gramado OS is a hobby operating system, not a commercial operating system, because it is a small system and has only some few features, not all the features needed by a commercial operating system.

Kernel features.

hw - cpu: Intel and AMD. 64bit only.

hw - mm: Paging. Chunck of 2MB, using 4KB pages.

hw - blk device: IDE. (Primary master only).

hw - char device: ps/2 keyboard.

hw - char device: ps/2 mouse works fine only on qemu.

hw - char device: Serial port. (COM). Used for debug.

hw - network device: e1000 Intel NIC. Works on Oracle virtual box.

sw - Processes: Process structure and Thread structure.

sw - Scheduler: Round robin. (Threads only).

sw - Syscalls using software interrups. (Traps).

sw - IPC: sockets.

sw - IPC: System messages using a queue in the thread structure.

sw - tty: It has 4 ring 0 kernel virtual consoles in fullscreen raw mode.

sw - tty: General use ttys and ptys for ring3 virtual terminals.

sw - fs: FAT16 file system for boot partition. No system partition yet.

sw - posix libc: Ring0 implementation of libc functions called by the ring3 libraries.

sw - network: Small support for sockets.

sw - network: Small ring0 implementation of protocol stack. (ETHERNET, ARP, IP, UDP, TCP and DHCP).

sw - display: Bootloader display device. VESA.

sw - user: Very small implementation of user structure.

sw - APIs:

sw - One loadable ring0 module, using static address.

Userland features.

Display Server.

Unix-like commands running in the virtual console.

Some few clients connected to the display server via unix-sockets.

Ring3 processes can access the i/o ports via syscall. (For ring3 drivers only).

userland system programs.

The network server.

The source code.

  You can find the source code on Github on the internet, 
  where you can clone the repository, contribute to the project or
  download the code. The address is https://github.com/polard8/kernel.

  We need to import some dependencies to get the display server and 
  client-side GUI applications. 
  The address is https://github.com/polard8/de.

A description of the directories in the source code.

The next few lines has a brief description of the subdirectories:

Building an operating system is a good way to understand how systems work and
the software stack needed to run your favorite application. But remember It's not
the best way to make money easily. So if you want to earn money easily,
go to the high demand area, which is probably the top layer of the stack,
which It is the place where web applications are made,
it includes front-end and back-end layers.

 ... #todo

Who are the developers?

The main developer is Fred Nora, a brazilian developer. Fred Nora is the creator and main maintainer of the project. Contributions are welcome.

Building and running on vm

$ make
$ ./run

Clean up the unused files to make a fresh compilation

$ make clean-all

What are the host machine to build the project?

For now the system has been compiled on Ubuntu operating system, LTS releases.

    Host machine: Windows 10, wsl2 with Ubuntu.
    Linux kernel: 5.15.146.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2
    gcc (Ubuntu) 11.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38
    NASM version 2.15.05

    Host machine: Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS
    Linux 5.4.0-146-generic x86_64
    gcc (Ubuntu) 9.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34
    NASM version 2.14.02

    Host machine: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Linux 5.15.0-78-generic x86_64
    gcc (Ubuntu) 11.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38
    NASM version 2.15.05

    Host machine: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Linux 5.15.0-83-generic x86_64
    gcc (Ubuntu) 11.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38
    NASM version 2.15.05

    Host machine: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Linux 5.15.0-84-generic x86_64
    gcc (Ubuntu) 11.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38
    NASM version 2.15.05

    Host machine: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Linux 5.15.0-87-generic x86_64
    gcc (Ubuntu) 11.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38
    NASM version 2.15.05

    Host machine: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
    Linux 5.15.0-89-generic x86_64
    gcc (Ubuntu) 11.4.0 
    GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38
    NASM version 2.15.05

Can I test the system on a virtual machine?

Yes, you can test the system on a virtual machine. The system has been tested by Fred Nora on qemu, qemu with kvm and virtualbox. Now, Fred Nora is testing the system only on qemu and virtualbox.

Can I test the system on a real machine?

Yes, we can test the system in the real machines. This way we can improve the system. The older versions of the system were tested for a long period of time on a real machine. That machine was a Gigabyte machine with an Intel Core 2 Duo processor and a VIA chipset.

Do we need some feedback from the users and from the developers?

Yes, we need some feedback. Please make some comments on Github or send messages to Fred Nora.

Author

Fred Nora - Fred Nora's X account
Fred Nora - Fred Nora's Facebook account

Contributors

Fred Nora - Fred Nora's X account
Fred Nora 2 - Fred Nora's Facebook account

How to Build?

See the Gramado OS build instructions

Folders

Stating with code and ending with data and binary images.

  * boot/    - The bootloader.
  * kernel/  - The core kernel.
  * mods/    - Kernel modules.
  * udrivers - Ring3 device drivers.
  * uservers - Ring3 servers.
  * usys/    - Init process and commands.
  * your/    - Your stuff.

Warning

You're reaching the boring area of this document!

Documentation

The project has a folder for documentation and design notes. The folder is docs/.

See the docs.

The project is looking for some people to create a better documentation, for free, as a contribuition to the open source community. To create this new documentation we can use the documentation in docs/ and the design notes found all over the project.

License

Gramado OS is a Free and Open Source operating system. The source code uses the MIT license.

Quotes:

    "Come Thou fount of every blessing"