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lua-resty-openssl
FFI-based OpenSSL binding for LuaJIT, supporting OpenSSL 3.x, 1.1 series.
OpenSSL 1.1.0, 1.0.2 and BoringSSL support has been dropped, but are still available at the 0.x branch.
Table of Contents
- Description
- Status
- Synopsis
- resty.openssl
- openssl.load_library
- openssl.load_modules
- openssl.luaossl_compat
- openssl.resty_hmac_compat
- openssl.get_fips_mode
- openssl.set_fips_mode
- openssl.get_fips_version_text
- openssl.set_default_properties
- openssl.list_cipher_algorithms
- openssl.list_digest_algorithms
- openssl.list_mac_algorithms
- openssl.list_kdf_algorithms
- openssl.list_ssl_ciphers
- resty.openssl.ctx
- resty.openssl.err
- resty.openssl.version
- resty.openssl.provider
- resty.openssl.pkey
- pkey.new
- pkey.istype
- pkey.paramgen
- pkey:get_provider_name
- pkey:gettable_params, pkey:settable_params, pkey:get_param, pkey:set_params
- pkey:get_parameters
- pkey:set_parameters
- pkey:is_private
- pkey:get_key_type
- pkey:get_default_digest_type
- pkey:sign
- pkey:verify
- pkey:encrypt
- pkey:decrypt
- pkey:sign_raw
- pkey:verify_raw
- pkey:verify_recover
- pkey:derive
- pkey:tostring
- pkey:to_PEM
- resty.openssl.bn
- bn.new
- bn.dup
- bn.istype
- bn:set
- bn.from_binary, bn:to_binary
- bn.from_mpi, bn:to_mpi
- bn.from_hex, bn:to_hex
- bn.from_dec, bn:to_dec
- bn:to_number
- bn:__metamethods
- bn:add, bn:sub, bn:mul, bn:div, bn:exp, bn:mod, bn:gcd
- bn:sqr
- bn:mod_add, bn:mod_sub, bn:mod_mul, bn:mod_exp
- bn:mod_sqr
- bn:lshift, bn:rshift
- bn:is_zero, bn:is_one, bn:is_odd, bn:is_word
- bn:is_prime
- resty.openssl.cipher
- cipher.new
- cipher.istype
- cipher.set_buffer_size
- cipher:get_provider_name
- cipher:gettable_params, cipher:settable_params, cipher:get_param, cipher:set_params
- cipher:encrypt
- cipher:decrypt
- cipher:init
- cipher:update
- cipher:update_aead_aad
- cipher:get_aead_tag
- cipher:set_aead_tag
- cipher:final
- cipher:derive
- resty.openssl.digest
- resty.openssl.hmac
- resty.openssl.mac
- resty.openssl.kdf
- resty.openssl.objects
- resty.openssl.pkcs12
- resty.openssl.rand
- resty.openssl.x509
- x509.new
- x509.dup
- x509.istype
- x509:digest
- x509:pubkey_digest
- x509:check_private_key
- x509:get_*, x509:set_*
- x509:get_lifetime
- x509:set_lifetime
- x509:get_signature_name, x509:get_signature_nid, x509:get_signature_digest_name
- x509:get_extension
- x509:add_extension
- x509:set_extension
- x509:get_extension_critical
- x509:set_extension_critical
- x509:get_ocsp_url
- x509:get_crl_url
- x509:sign
- x509:verify
- x509:tostring
- x509:to_PEM
- resty.openssl.x509.csr
- resty.openssl.x509.crl
- crl.new
- crl.istype
- crl:get_*, crl:set_*
- crl:get_signature_name, crl:get_signature_nid, crl:get_signature_digest_name
- crl:get_by_serial
- crl:get_extension
- crl:add_extension
- crl:set_extension
- crl:get_extension_critical
- crl:set_extension_critical
- crl:add_revoked
- crl:sign
- crl:verify
- crl:tostring
- crl:text
- crl:to_PEM
- crl:__metamethods
- resty.openssl.x509.name
- resty.openssl.x509.altname
- resty.openssl.x509.extension
- resty.openssl.x509.extension.dist_points
- resty.openssl.x509.extension.info_access
- resty.openssl.x509.extensions
- resty.openssl.x509.chain
- resty.openssl.x509.store
- resty.openssl.x509.revoked
- resty.openssl.ssl
- resty.openssl.ssl_ctx
- Functions for stack-like objects
- Generic EVP parameter getter/setter
- resty.openssl
- General rules on garbage collection
- Code generation
- Compatibility
- Credits
- Copyright and License
- See Also
Description
lua-resty-openssl
is a FFI-based OpenSSL binding library, currently
supports OpenSSL 3.x
and 1.1.1
series.
Status
Production.
Synopsis
This library is greatly inspired by luaossl, while uses the
naming conversion closer to original OpenSSL API.
For example, a function called X509_set_pubkey
in OpenSSL C API will expect to exist
as resty.openssl.x509:set_pubkey
.
CamelCases are replaced to underscore_cases, for exmaple X509_set_serialNumber
becomes
resty.openssl.x509:set_serial_number
. Another difference than luaossl
is that errors are never thrown
using error()
but instead return as last parameter.
Each Lua table returned by new()
contains a cdata object ctx
. User are not supposed to manully setting
ffi.gc
or calling corresponding destructor of the ctx
struct (like *_free
functions).
resty.openssl
This meta module provides a version sanity check against linked OpenSSL library.
openssl.load_library
syntax: name, err = openssl.load_library()
Try to load OpenSSL shared libraries. This function tries couple of known patterns
the library could be named and return the name of crypto
library if it's being
successfully loaded and error if any.
When running inside resty
CLI or OpenResty with SSL enabled, calling this function
is not necessary.
openssl.load_modules
syntax: openssl.load_modules()
Load all available sub modules into current module:
bn = require("resty.openssl.bn"),
cipher = require("resty.openssl.cipher"),
digest = require("resty.openssl.digest"),
hmac = require("resty.openssl.hmac"),
kdf = require("resty.openssl.kdf"),
pkey = require("resty.openssl.pkey"),
objects = require("resty.openssl.objects"),
rand = require("resty.openssl.rand"),
version = require("resty.openssl.version"),
x509 = require("resty.openssl.x509"),
altname = require("resty.openssl.x509.altname"),
chain = require("resty.openssl.x509.chain"),
csr = require("resty.openssl.x509.csr"),
crl = require("resty.openssl.x509.crl"),
extension = require("resty.openssl.x509.extension"),
extensions = require("resty.openssl.x509.extensions"),
name = require("resty.openssl.x509.name"),
store = require("resty.openssl.x509.store"),
ssl = require("resty.openssl.ssl"),
ssl_ctx = require("resty.openssl.ssl_ctx"),
Starting OpenSSL 3.0, provider
and mac
ctx
is also available.
openssl.luaossl_compat
syntax: openssl.luaossl_compat()
Provides luaossl
flavored API which uses camelCase naming; user can expect drop in replacement.
For example, pkey:get_parameters
is mapped to pkey:getParameters
.
Note that not all luaossl
API has been implemented, please check readme for source of truth.
openssl.get_fips_mode
syntax: enabled = openssl.get_fips_mode()
Returns a boolean indicating if FIPS mode is enabled.
openssl.set_fips_mode
syntax: ok, err = openssl.set_fips_mode(enabled)
Toggle FIPS mode on or off.
lua-resty-openssl supports following modes:
OpenSSL 1.0.2 series with fips 2.0 module
Compile the module per security policy,
OpenSSL 3.0.0 fips provider
Refer to https://wiki.openssl.org/index.php/OpenSSL_3.0 Section 7 Compile the provider per guide, install the fipsmodule.cnf that matches hash of FIPS provider fips.so.
On OpenSSL 3.0 or later, this function also turns on and off default properties for EVP functions. When turned on, all applications using EVP_* API will be redirected to FIPS-compliant implementations and have no access to non-FIPS-compliant algorithms.
Calling this function is equivalent of loading fips
provider and
call openssl.set_default_properties("fips=yes").
If fips provider is loaded but default properties are not set, use following to explictly fetch FIPS implementation.
local provider = require "resty.openssl.provider"
assert(provider.load("fips"))
local cipher = require "resty.openssl.cipher"
local c = assert(cipher.new("aes256"))
print(c:get_provider_name()) -- prints "default"
local c = assert(cipher.new("aes256", "fips=yes"))
print(c:get_provider_name()) -- prints "fips"
openssl.get_fips_version_text
syntax: text, err = openssl.get_fips_version_text()
Returns the version text of the FIPS module, only available on OpenSSL 3.x.
openssl.set_default_properties
syntax: ok, err = openssl.set_default_properties(props)
Sets the default properties for all future EVP algorithm fetches, implicit as well as explicit. See "ALGORITHM FETCHING" in crypto(7) for information about implicit and explicit fetching.
openssl.list_cipher_algorithms
syntax: ret = openssl.list_cipher_algorithms(hide_provider?)
Return available cipher algorithms in an array. Set hide_provider
to true
to
hide provider name from the result.
openssl.list_digest_algorithms
syntax: ret = openssl.list_digest_algorithms(hide_provider?)
Return available digest algorithms in an array. Set hide_provider
to true
to
hide provider name from the result.
openssl.list_mac_algorithms
syntax: ret = openssl.list_mac_algorithms(hide_provider?)
Return available MAC algorithms in an array. Set hide_provider
to true
to
hide provider name from the result.
openssl.list_kdf_algorithms
syntax: ret = openssl.list_kdf_algorithms(hide_provider?)
Return available KDF algorithms in an array. Set hide_provider
to true
to
hide provider name from the result.
openssl.list_ssl_ciphers
syntax: cipher_string, err = openssl.list_ssl_ciphers(cipher_list?, ciphersuites?, protocol?)
Return default SSL ciphers as a string. cipher_list
(prior TLSv1.3) and
ciphersuites
(TLSv1.3) can be used to expand the cipher settings matches
protocol
.
openssl.list_ssl_ciphers()
openssl.list_ssl_ciphers("ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA")
openssl.list_ssl_ciphers("ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA", nil, "TLSv1.2")
openssl.list_ssl_ciphers("ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA", "TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256", "TLSv1.3")
resty.openssl.ctx
A module to provide OSSL_LIB_CTX context switches.
OSSL_LIB_CTX is an internal OpenSSL library context type. Applications may allocate their own, but may also use NULL to use a default context with functions that take an OSSL_LIB_CTX argument.
See OSSL_LIB_CTX.3 for deeper reading.
The context is currently effective following modules:
- cipher
- digest
- kdf
- mac
- pkcs12.encode
- pkey
- provider
- rand
- x509, x509.csr, x509.crl and some x509.store functions
This module is only available on OpenSSL 3.0 or later.
ctx.new
syntax: ok, err = ctx.new(request_context_only?, conf_file?)
Create a new context and use as default context for this module. When
request_context_only
is set to true, the context is only used inside current
request's context. conf_file
can optionally specify an OpenSSL conf file
to create the context.
The created context is automatically freed with its given lifecycle.
-- initialize a AES cipher instance from given provider implementation only
-- for current request, without interfering other part of code
-- or future requests from using the same algorithm.
assert(require("resty.openssl.ctx").new(true))
local p = assert(require("resty.openssl.provider").load("myprovider"))
local c = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes256")
print(c:encrypt(string.rep("0", 32), string.rep("0", 16), "🦢"))
-- don't need to release provider and ctx, they are GC'ed automatically
ctx.free
syntax: ctx.free(request_context_only?)
Free the context that was previously created by ctx.new.
resty.openssl.err
A module to provide error messages.
err.format_error
syntax: msg = err.format_error(ctx_msg?, return_code?, all_errors?)
syntax: msg = err.format_all_errors(ctx_msg?, return_code?)
Return the latest error message from the last error code. Errors are formatted as:
[ctx_msg]: code: [return_code]: error:[error code]:[library name]:[func name]:[reason string]:[file name]:[line number]:
On OpenSSL prior to 3.x, errors are formatted as:
[ctx_msg]: code: [return_code]: [file name]:[line number]:error:[error code]:[library name]:[func name]:[reason string]:
If all_errors
is set to true
, all errors no just the latest one will be returned in a single string. All errors thrown
by this library internally only thrown the latest error.
For example:
local f = io.open("t/fixtures/ec_key_encrypted.pem"):read("*a")
local privkey, err = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new(f, {
format = "PEM",
type = "pr",
passphrase = "wrongpasswrod",
})
ngx.say(err)
-- pkey.new:load_key: error:4800065:PEM routines:PEM_do_header:bad decrypt:crypto/pem/pem_lib.c:467:
err.get_last_error_code
syntax: code = err.get_last_error_code()
Return the last error code.
err.get_lib_error_string
syntax: lib_error_message = err.get_lib_error_string(code?)
Return the library name of the last error code as string. If code
is set, return the library name
corresponding to provided error code instead.
err.get_reason_error_string
syntax: reason_error_message = err.get_reason_error_string(code?)
Return the reason of the last error code as string. If code
is set, return the reason
corresponding to provided error code instead.
resty.openssl.version
A module to provide version info.
version_num
The OpenSSL version number.
version_text
The OpenSSL version text.
version.version
syntax: text = version.version(types)
Returns various OpenSSL version information. Available values for types
are:
VERSION
CFLAGS
BUILT_ON
PLATFORM
DIR
ENGINES_DIR
VERSION_STRING
FULL_VERSION_STRING
MODULES_DIR
CPU_INFO
local version = require("resty.openssl.version")
ngx.say(string.format("%x", version.version_num))
-- outputs "101000bf"
ngx.say(version.version_text)
-- outputs "OpenSSL 1.1.0k 28 May 2019"
ngx.say(version.version(version.PLATFORM))
-- outputs "darwin64-x86_64-cc"
version.info
syntax: text = version.info(types)
Returns various OpenSSL information. Available values for types
are:
INFO_ENGINES_DIR
INFO_DSO_EXTENSION
INFO_CPU_SETTINGS
INFO_LIST_SEPARATOR
INFO_DIR_FILENAME_SEPARATOR
INFO_CONFIG_DIR
INFO_SEED_SOURCE
INFO_MODULES_DIR
This function is only available on OpenSSL 3.0. Please refer to OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER(3) for explanation of each type.
local version = require("resty.openssl.version")
ngx.say(version.info(version.INFO_DSO_EXTENSION))
-- outputs ".so"
version.OPENSSL_3X
A boolean indicates whether the linked OpenSSL is 3.x series.
version.OPENSSL_111
A boolean indicates whether the linked OpenSSL is 1.1.1 series.
resty.openssl.provider
Module to interact with providers. This module only work on OpenSSL >= 3.0.0.
provider.load
syntax: pro, err = provider.load(name, try?)
Load provider with name
. If try
is set to true, OpenSSL will not disable the
fall-back providers if the provider cannot be loaded and initialized. If the provider
loads successfully, however, the fall-back providers are disabled.
By default this functions loads provider into the default context, meaning it will affect other applications in the same process using the default context as well. If such behaviour is not desired, consider using ctx to load provider only to limited scope.
provider.istype
syntax: ok = pkey.provider(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of provider
. Returns false
otherwise.
provider.is_available
syntax: ok, err = provider.is_available(name)
Checks if a named provider is available for use.
provider.set_default_search_path
syntax: ok, err = provider.set_default_search_path(name)
Specifies the default search path that is to be used for looking for providers.
provider:unload
syntax: ok, err = pro:unload(name)
Unload a provider that is previously loaded by provider.load
.
provider:self_test
syntax: ok, err = pro:self_test(name)
Runs a provider's self tests on demand. If the self tests fail then the provider will fail to provide any further services and algorithms.
provider:get_params
syntax: ok, err = pro:get_params(key1, key2?...)
Returns one or more provider parameter values.
local pro = require "resty.openssl.provider"
local p = pro.load("default")
local name = assert(p:get_params("name"))
print(name)
-- outputs "OpenSSL Default Provider"
local result = assert(p:get_params("name", "version", "buildinfo", "status"))
print(require("cjson").encode(result))
-- outputs '{"buildinfo":"3.0.0-alpha7","name":"OpenSSL Default Provider","status":1,"version":"3.0.0"}'
resty.openssl.pkey
Module to interact with private keys and public keys (EVP_PKEY).
Each key type may only support part of operations:
Key Type | Load existing key | Key generation | Encrypt/Decrypt | Sign/Verify | Key Exchange |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RSA | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
DH | Y | Y | Y | ||
EC | Y | Y | Y (ECDSA) | Y (ECDH) | |
Ed25519 | Y | Y | Y (PureEdDSA) | ||
X25519 | Y | Y | Y (ECDH) | ||
Ed448 | Y | Y | Y (PureEdDSA) | ||
X448 | Y | Y | Y (ECDH) |
Direct support of encryption and decryption for EC and ECX does not exist, but processes like ECIES is possible with pkey:derive, kdf and cipher
pkey.new
Load existing key
syntax: pk, err = pkey.new(string, opts?)
Supports loading a private or public key in PEM, DER or JWK format passed as first argument string
.
The second parameter opts
accepts an optional table to constraint the behaviour of key loading.
opts.format
: set explictly to"PEM"
,"DER"
,"JWK"
to load specific format or set to"*"
for auto detectopts.type
: set explictly to"pr"
for privatekey,"pu"
for public key; set to"*"
for auto detect
When loading a PEM encoded RSA key, it can either be a PKCS#8 encoded
SubjectPublicKeyInfo
/PrivateKeyInfo
or a PKCS#1 encoded RSAPublicKey
/RSAPrivateKey
.
When loading a encrypted PEM encoded key, the passphrase
to decrypt it can either be set
in opts.passphrase
or opts.passphrase_cb
:
pkey.new(pem_or_der_text, {
format = "*", -- choice of "PEM", "DER", "JWK" or "*" for auto detect
type = "*", -- choice of "pr" for privatekey, "pu" for public key and "*" for auto detect
passphrase = "secret password", -- the PEM encryption passphrase
passphrase_cb = function()
return "secret password"
end, -- the PEM encryption passphrase callback function
}
When loading JWK, there are couple of caveats:
- Make sure the encoded JSON text is passed in, it must have been base64 decoded.
- Constraint
type
on JWK key is not supported, the parameters in provided JSON will decide if a private or public key is loaded. - Only key type of
RSA
,P-256
,P-384
andP-512
EC
,Ed25519
,X25519
,Ed448
andX448
OKP
keys are supported. - Public key part for
OKP
keys (thex
parameter) is always not honored and derived from private key part (thed
parameter) if it's specified. - Signatures and verification must use
ecdsa_use_raw
option to work with JWS standards for EC keys. See pkey:sign and pkey.verify for detail. - When running outside of OpenResty, needs to install a JSON library (
cjson
ordkjson
) andbasexx
.
Key generation
syntax: pk, err = pkey.new(config?)
Generate a new public key or private key.
To generate RSA key, config
table can have bits
and exp
field to control key generation.
When config
is emitted, this function generates a 2048 bit RSA key with exponent
of 65537,
which is equivalent to:
local key, err = pkey.new({
type = 'RSA',
bits = 2048,
exp = 65537
})
To generate EC or DH key, please refer to pkey.paramgen for possible values of
config
table. For example:
local key, err = pkey.new({
type = 'EC',
curve = 'prime256v1',
})
It's also possible to pass a PEM-encoded EC or DH parameters to config.param
for key generation:
local dhparam = pkey.paramgen({
type = 'DH',
group = 'dh_1024_160'
})
-- OR
-- local dhparam = io.read("dhparams.pem"):read("*a")
local key, err = pkey.new({
type = 'DH',
param = dhparam,
})
It's also possible to pass raw pkeyopt control strings in config
table as used in the genpkey
CLI program.
See openssl-genpkey(1) for a list of options.
For example:
pkey.new({
type = 'RSA',
bits = 2048,
exp = 65537,
})
-- is same as
pkey.new({
type = 'RSA',
exp = 65537,
"rsa_keygen_bits:4096",
})
Key composition
syntax: pk, err = pkey.new(config?)
Compose a public or private key using existing parameters. To see list of parameters for each key, refer to pkey:set_parameters.
Only type
and params
should exist in config
table, all other keys will be ignored.
local private_bn = require "resty.openssl.bn".new("7F48282CCA4C1A65D589C06DBE9C42AE50FBFFDF3A18CBB48498E1DE47F11BE1A3486CD8FA950D68F111970F922279D8", 16)
local p_384, err = assert(require("resty.openssl.pkey").new({
type = "EC",
params = {
private = private_bn,
group = "secp384r1",
}
}))
pkey.istype
syntax: ok = pkey.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of pkey
. Returns false
otherwise.
pkey.paramgen
syntax: pem_txt, err = pk.paramgen(config)
Generate parameters for EC or DH key and output as PEM-encoded text.
For EC key:
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
type | "EC" |
curve | EC curves. If omitted, default to "prime192v1" . To see list of supported EC curves, use openssl ecparam -list_curves . |
For DH key:
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
type | "DH" |
bits | Generate a new DH parameter with bits long prime. If omitted, default to 2048 . Starting OpenSSL 3.0, only bits equal to 2048 is allowed. |
group | Use predefined groups instead of generating new one. bit will be ignored if group is set. |
Possible values for group
are:
- RFC7919
"ffdhe2048"
,"ffdhe3072"
,"ffdhe4096"
,"ffdhe6144"
,"ffdhe8192"
- RFC5114
"dh_1024_160"
,"dh_2048_224"
,"dh_2048_256"
- RFC3526
"modp_1536"
,"modp_2048"
,"modp_3072"
,"modp_4096"
,"modp_6144"
,"modp_8192"
local pem, err = pkey.paramgen({
type = 'EC',
curve = 'prime192v1',
})
local pem, err = pkey.paramgen({
type = 'DH',
group = 'ffdhe4096',
})
It's also possible to pass raw pkeyopt control strings in config
table as used in the genpkey
CLI program.
See openssl-genpkey(1) for a list of options.
pkey:get_provider_name
syntax: name = pkey:get_provider_name()
Returns the provider name of pkey
.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
pkey:gettable_params, pkey:settable_params, pkey:get_param, pkey:set_params
Query settable or gettable params and set or get params. See Generic EVP parameter getter/setter.
pkey:get_parameters
syntax: parameters, err = pk:get_parameters()
Returns a table containing the parameters
of pkey instance.
pkey:set_parameters
syntax: ok, err = pk:set_parameters(params)
Set the parameters of the pkey from a table params
.
If the parameter is not set in the params
table,
it remains untouched in the pkey instance.
local pk, err = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new()
local parameters, err = pk:get_parameters()
local e = parameters.e
ngx.say(e:to_number())
-- outputs 65537
local ok, err = pk:set_parameters({
e = require("resty.openssl.bn").from_hex("100001")
})
local ok, err = pk:set_parameters(parameters)
Parameters for RSA key:
Parameter | Description | Type |
---|---|---|
n | modulus common to both public and private key | bn |
e | public exponent | bn |
d | private exponent | bn |
p | first factor of n | bn |
q | second factor of n | bn |
dmp1 | d mod (p - 1) , exponent1 | bn |
dmq1 | d mod (q - 1) , exponent2 | bn |
iqmp | (InverseQ)(q) = 1 mod p , coefficient | bn |
Parameters for EC key:
Parameter | Description | Type |
---|---|---|
private | private key | bn |
public | public key | bn |
x | x coordinate of the public key | bn |
y | y coordinate of the public key | bn |
group | the named curve group | NID as a number, when passed in as set_parameters() , it's also possible to use the text representation. This is different from luaossl where a EC_GROUP instance is returned. |
It's not possible to set x
, y
with public
at same time as x
and y
is basically another representation
of public
. Also currently it's only possible to set x
and y
at same time.
Parameters for DH key:
Parameter | Description | Type |
---|---|---|
private | private key | bn |
public | public key | bn |
p | prime modulus | bn |
q | reference position | bn |
p | base generator | bn |
Parameters for Curve25519 and Curve448 keys:
Parameter | Description | Type |
---|---|---|
private | raw private key represented as bytes | string |
public | raw public key represented as bytes | string |
pkey:is_private
syntax: ok = pk:is_private()
Checks whether pk
is a private key. Returns true if it's a private key, returns false if
it's a public key.
pkey:get_key_type
syntax: obj, err = pk:get_key_type()
Returns a ASN1_OBJECT of key type of the private key as a table.
local pkey, err = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new({type="X448"})
ngx.say(require("cjson").encode(pkey:get_key_type()))
-- outputs '{"ln":"X448","nid":1035,"sn":"X448","id":"1.3.101.111"}'
pkey:get_default_digest_type
syntax: obj, err = pk:get_default_digest_type()
Returns a ASN1_OBJECT of key type of the private key as a table. An additional field mandatory
is also
returned in the table, if mandatory
is true then other digests can not be used.
local pkey, err = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new()
ngx.say(require("cjson").encode(pkey:get_default_digest_type()))
-- outputs '{"ln":"sha256","nid":672,"id":"2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1","mandatory":false,"sn":"SHA256"}'
pkey:sign
syntax: signature, err = pk:sign(digest)
syntax: signature, err = pk:sign(message, md_alg?, padding?, opts?)
Perform a digest signing using the private key defined in pkey
instance. The first parameter must be a resty.openssl.digest
instance or a string. Returns the signed text and error if any.
When passing a digest instance as first parameter, it should not have been called final(), user should only use update(). This mode only supports RSA and EC keys.
When passing a string as first parameter, md_alg
parameter will specify the name
to use when signing. When md_alg
is undefined, for RSA and EC keys, this function does SHA256
by default. For Ed25519 or Ed448 keys, this function does a PureEdDSA signing,
no message digest should be specified and will not be used.
For RSA key, it's also possible to specify padding
scheme with following choices:
pkey.PADDINGS = {
RSA_PKCS1_PADDING = 1,
RSA_SSLV23_PADDING = 2,
RSA_NO_PADDING = 3,
RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING = 4,
RSA_X931_PADDING = 5, -- sign only
RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING = 6, -- sign and verify only
}
When padding
is RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING
, it's
possible to specify PSS salt length by setting opts.pss_saltlen
.
For EC key, this function does a ECDSA signing.
Note that OpenSSL does not support EC digital signature (ECDSA) with the
obsolete MD5 hash algorithm and will return error on this combination. See
EVP_DigestSign(3)
for a list of algorithms and associated public key algorithms. Normally, the ECDSA signature
is encoded in ASN.1 DER format. If the opts
table contains a ecdsa_use_raw
field with
a true value, a binary with just the concatenation of binary representation pr
and ps
is returned.
This is useful for example to send the signature as JWS.
opts
is a table that accepts additional parameters with following choices:
{
pss_saltlen, -- For PSS mode only this option specifies the salt length.
mgf1_md, -- For PSS and OAEP padding sets the MGF1 digest. If the MGF1 digest is not explicitly set in PSS mode then the signing digest is used.
oaep_md, -- The digest used for the OAEP hash function. If not explicitly set then SHA1 is used.
}
It's also possible to pass raw pkeyopt control strings as used in the pkeyutl
CLI program. This lets user pass in options that
are not explictly supported as parameters above.
See openssl-pkeyutl(1) for a list of options.
pk:sign(message, nil, pk.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING, {
oaep_md = "sha256",
})
-- is same as
pk:sign(message, nil, nil, {
"rsa_padding_mode:oaep",
"rsa_oaep_md:sha256",
})
-- in pkeyutl CLI the above is equivalent to: `openssl pkeyutl -sign -pkeyopt rsa_padding_mode:oaep -pkeyopt rsa_oaep_md:sha256
To sign a message without doing message digest, please check pkey:sign_raw.
pkey:verify
syntax: ok, err = pk:verify(signature, digest)
syntax: ok, err = pk:verify(signature, message, md_alg?, padding?, opts?)
Verify a signture (which can be the string returned by pkey:sign). The second
argument must be a resty.openssl.digest instance that uses
the same digest algorithm as used in sign
or a string. ok
returns true
if verficiation is
successful and false
otherwise. Note when verfication failed err
will not be set when used
with OpenSSL 1.1.1 or lower.
When passing digest instances as second parameter, it should not have been called final(), user should only use update(). This mode only supports RSA and EC keys.
When passing a string as second parameter, md_alg
parameter will specify the name
to use when verifying. When md_alg
is undefined, for RSA and EC keys, this function does SHA256
by default. For Ed25519 or Ed448 keys, this function does a PureEdDSA verification,
no message digest should be specified and will not be used.
When key is a RSA key, the function accepts an optional argument padding
which choices
of values are same as those in pkey:sign. When padding
is RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING
, it's
possible to specify PSS salt length by setting opts.pss_saltlen
.
For EC key, this function does a ECDSA verification. Normally, the ECDSA signature
should be encoded in ASN.1 DER format. If the opts
table contains a ecdsa_use_raw
field with
a true value, this library treat signature
as concatenation of binary representation pr
and ps
.
This is useful for example to verify the signature as JWS.
opts
is a table that accepts additional parameters which choices
of values are same as those in pkey:sign.
-- RSA and EC keys
local pk, err = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new()
local digest, err = require("resty.openssl.digest").new("SHA256")
digest:update("dog")
-- WRONG:
-- digest:final("dog")
local signature, err = pk:sign(digest)
-- uses SHA256 by default
local signature, err = pk:sign("dog")
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(signature))
-- uses SHA256 and PSS padding
local signature_pss, err = pk:sign("dog", "sha256", pk.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING)
digest, err = require("resty.openssl.digest").new("SHA256")
digest:update("dog")
local ok, err = pk:verify(signature, digest)
-- uses SHA256 by default
local ok, err = pk:verify(signature, "dog")
-- uses SHA256 and PSS padding
local ok, err = pk:verify(signature_pss, "dog", "sha256", pk.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING)
-- Ed25519 and Ed448 keys
local pk, err = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new({
type = "Ed25519",
})
local signature, err = pk:sign("23333")
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(signature))
To verify a message without doing message digest, please check pkey:verify_raw and pkey:verify_recover.
pkey:encrypt
syntax: cipher_txt, err = pk:encrypt(txt, padding?, opts?)
Encrypts plain text txt
with pkey
instance, which must loaded a public key.
The optional second argument padding
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
If omitted, padding
is default to pkey.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
.
The third optional argument opts
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
pkey:decrypt
syntax: txt, err = pk:decrypt(cipher_txt, padding?, opts?)
Decrypts cipher text cipher_txt
with pkey instance, which must loaded a private key.
The optional second argument padding
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
If omitted, padding
is default to pkey.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
.
The third optional argument opts
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
local pkey = require("resty.openssl.pkey")
local privkey, err = pkey.new()
local pub_pem = privkey:to_PEM("public")
local pubkey, err = pkey.new(pub_pem)
local s, err = pubkey:encrypt("🦢", pkey.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING)
ngx.say(#s)
-- outputs 256
local decrypted, err = privkey:decrypt(s)
ngx.say(decrypted)
-- outputs "🦢"
pkey:sign_raw
syntax: signature, err = pk:sign_raw(txt, padding?, opts?)
Signs the cipher text cipher_txt
with pkey instance, which must loaded a private key.
The optional second argument padding
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
If omitted, padding
is default to pkey.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
.
The third optional argument opts
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
This function may also be called "private encrypt" in some implementations like NodeJS or PHP. Do note as the function names suggested, this function is not secure to be regarded as an encryption. When developing new applications, user should use pkey:sign for signing with digest, or pkey:encrypt for encryption.
See examples/raw-sign-and-recover.lua for an example.
pkey:verify_raw
syntax: ok, err = pk:verify_raw(signature, data, md_alg, padding?, opts?)
Verify the cipher text signature
with the message data
with pkey instance, which must loaded a public key. Set the message digest to md_alg
but doesn't do message digest
automatically, in other words, this function assumes data
has already been hashed with md_alg
.
When md_alg
is undefined, for RSA and EC keys, this function does SHA256 by default. For Ed25519 or Ed448 keys, no default value is set.
The optinal fourth argument padding
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
If omitted, padding
is default to pkey.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
.
The fifth optional argument opts
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
See examples/raw-sign-and-recover.lua for an example.
pkey:verify_recover
syntax: txt, err = pk:verify_recover(signature, padding?, opts?)
Verify the cipher text signature
with pkey instance, which must loaded a public key, and also
returns the original text being signed. This operation is only supported by RSA key.
The optional second argument padding
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
If omitted, padding
is default to pkey.PADDINGS.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING
.
The third optional argument opts
has same meaning as in pkey:sign.
This function may also be called "public decrypt" in some implementations like NodeJS or PHP.
See examples/raw-sign-and-recover.lua for an example.
pkey:derive
syntax: txt, err = pk:derive(peer_key)
Derive public key algorithm shared secret peer_key
, which must be a pkey
instance.
See examples/x25519-dh.lua for an example on how key exchange works for X25519 keys with DH algorithm.
pkey:tostring
syntax: txt, err = pk:tostring(private_or_public?, fmt?, is_pkcs1?)
Outputs private key or public key of pkey instance in PEM-formatted text.
The first argument must be a choice of public
, PublicKey
, private
, PrivateKey
or nil.
The second argument fmt
can be PEM
, DER
, JWK
or nil.
If both arguments are omitted, this functions returns the PEM
representation of public key.
If is_pkcs1
is set to true, the output is encoded using a PKCS#1 RSAPublicKey structure;
PKCS#1
encoding is currently supported for RSA key in PEM format. Writing out a PKCS#1
encoded RSA key is currently not supported when using with OpenSSL 3.0.
pkey:to_PEM
syntax: pem, err = pk:to_PEM(private_or_public?, is_pkcs1?)
Equivalent to pkey:tostring(private_or_public, "PEM", is_pkcs1)
.
resty.openssl.bn
Module to expose BIGNUM structure. Note bignum is a big integer, no float operations (like square root) are supported.
bn.new
syntax: b, err = bn.new(number?)
syntax: b, err = bn.new(string?, base?)
Creates a bn
instance. The first argument can be:
nil
to creates an empty bn instance.- A Lua number to initialize the bn instance.
- A string to initialize the bn instance. The second argument
base
specifies the base of the string, and can take value from (compatible with Ruby OpenSSL.BN API):10
or omitted, for decimal string ("23333"
)16
, for hex encoded string ("5b25"
)2
, for binary string ("\x5b\x25"
)0
, for MPI formated string ("\x00\x00\x00\x02\x5b\x25"
)
MPI is a format that consists of the number's length in bytes represented as a 4-byte big-endian number, and the number itself in big-endian format, where the most significant bit signals a negative number (the representation of numbers with the MSB set is prefixed with null byte).
bn.dup
syntax: b, err = bn.dup(bn_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a BIGNUM*
to create a new bn
instance.
bn.istype
syntax: ok = bn.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of bn
. Returns false
otherwise.
bn.set
syntax: b, err = bn:set(number)
syntax: b, err = bn:set(string, base?)
Reuse the existing bn instance and reset its value with given number or string. Refer to bn.new for the type of arguments supported.
bn.from_binary, bn:to_binary
syntax: bn, err = bn.from_binary(bin)
syntax: bin, err = bn:to_binary(padto?)
Creates a bn
instance from binary string.
Exports the BIGNUM value in binary string.
bn:to_binary
accepts an optional number argument padto
that can be
used to pad leading zeros to the output to a specific length.
local to_hex = require "resty.string".to_hex
local b, err = require("resty.openssl.bn").from_binary("\x5b\x25")
local bin, err = b:to_binary()
ngx.say(to_hex(bin))
-- outputs "5b25
bn.from_mpi, bn:to_mpi
syntax: bn, err = bn.from_mpi(bin)
syntax: bin, err = bn:to_mpi()
Creates a bn
instance from MPI formatted binary string.
Exports the BIGNUM value in MPI formatted binary string.
local to_hex = require "resty.string".to_hex
local b, err = require("resty.openssl.bn").from_mpi("\x00\x00\x00\x02\x5b\x25")
local bin, err = b:to_mpi()
ngx.say(to_hex(bin))
-- outputs "000000025b25
bn.from_hex, bn:to_hex
syntax: bn, err = bn.from_hex(hex)
syntax: hex, err = bn:to_hex()
Creates a bn
instance from hex encoded string. Note that the leading 0x
should not be
included. A leading -
indicating the sign may be included.
Exports the bn
instance to hex encoded string.
local bn = require("resty.openssl.bn")
local b = bn.from_hex("5B25")
local hex, err = b:to_hex()
ngx.say(hex)
-- outputs "5B25"
bn.from_dec, bn:to_dec
syntax: bn, err = bn.from_dec(dec)
syntax: dec, err = bn:to_dec()
Creates a bn
instance from decimal string. A leading -
indicating the sign may be included.
Exports the bn
instance to decimal string.
local bn = require("resty.openssl.bn")
local b = bn.from_dec("23333")
local dec, err = b:to_dec()
ngx.say(dec)
-- outputs "23333"
bn:to_number
syntax: n, err = bn:to_number()
syntax: n, err = bn:tonumber()
Export the lowest 32 bits or 64 bits part (based on the ABI) of bn
instance
to a number. This is useful when user wants to perform bitwise operations.
local bn = require("resty.openssl.bn")
local b = bn.from_dec("23333")
local n, err = b:to_number()
ngx.say(n)
-- outputs 23333
ngx.say(type(n))
-- outputs "number"
bn.generate_prime
syntax: bn, err = bn.generate_prime(bits, safe)
Generates a pseudo-random prime number of bit length bits
.
If safe
is true, it will be a safe prime (i.e. a prime p so that (p-1)/2 is also prime).
The PRNG must be seeded prior to calling BN_generate_prime_ex(). The prime number generation has a negligible error probability.
bn:__metamethods
Various mathematical operations can be performed as if it's a number.
local bn = require("resty.openssl.bn")
local a = bn.new(123456)
local b = bn.new(222)
-- the following returns a bn
local r
r = -a
r = a + b
r = a - b
r = a * b
r = a / b -- equal to bn:idiv, returns floor division
r = a % b
-- all operations can be performed between number and bignum
r = a + 222
r = 222 + a
-- the following returns a bool
local bool
bool = a < b
bool = a >= b
-- compare between number will not work
-- WRONG: bool = a < 222
bn:add, bn:sub, bn:mul, bn:div, bn:exp, bn:mod, bn:gcd
syntax: r = a:op(b)
syntax: r = bn.op(a, b)
Perform mathematical operations op
.
add
: addsub
: subtractmul
: multiplydiv
,idiv
: floor division (division with rounding down to nearest integer)exp
,pow
: theb
-th power ofa
, this function is faster than repeateda * a * ...
.mod
: modulogcd
: the greatest common divider ofa
andb
.
Note that add
, sub
, mul
, div
, mod
is also available with +, -, *, /, %
operaters.
See above section for examples.
local bn = require("resty.openssl.bn")
local a = bn.new(123456)
local b = bn.new(9876)
local r
-- the followings are equal
r = a:add(b)
r = bn.add(a, b)
r = a:add(9876)
r = bn.add(a, 9876)
r = bn.add(123456, b)
r = bn.add(123456, 9876)
bn:sqr
syntax: r = a:sqr()
syntax: r = bn.sqr(a)
Computes the 2-th power of a
. This function is faster than r = a * a
.
bn:mod_add, bn:mod_sub, bn:mod_mul, bn:mod_exp
syntax: r = a:op(b, m)
syntax: r = bn.op(a, b, m)
Perform modulo mathematical operations op
.
mod_add
: addsa
tob
modulom
mod_sub
: substractsb
froma
modulom
mod_mul
: multipliesa
byb
and finds the non-negative remainder respective to modulusm
mod_exp
,mod_pow
: computesa
to theb
-th power modulom
(r=a^b % m). This function uses less time and space thanexp
. Do not call this function whenm
is even and any of the parameters have theBN_FLG_CONSTTIME
flag set.
local bn = require("resty.openssl.bn")
local a = bn.new(123456)
local b = bn.new(9876)
local r
-- the followings are equal
r = a:mod_add(b, 3)
r = bn.mod_add(a, b, 3)
r = a:mod_add(9876, 3)
r = bn.mod_add(a, 9876, 3)
r = bn.mod_add(123456, b, 3)
r = bn.mod_add(123456, 9876, 3)
bn:mod_sqr
syntax: r = a:mod_sqr(m)
syntax: r = bn.mod_sqr(a, m)
Takes the square of a
modulo m
.
bn:lshift, bn:rshift
syntax: r = bn:lshift(bit)
syntax: r = bn.lshift(a, bit)
syntax: r = bn:rshift(bit)
syntax: r = bn.rshift(a, bit)
Bit shift a
to bit
bits.
bn:is_zero, bn:is_one, bn:is_odd, bn:is_word
syntax: ok = bn:is_zero()
syntax: ok = bn:is_one()
syntax: ok = bn:is_odd()
syntax: ok, err = bn:is_word(n)
Checks if bn
is 0
, 1
, and odd number or a number n
respectively.
bn:is_prime
syntax: ok, err = bn:is_prime(nchecks?)
Checks if bn
is a prime number. Returns true
if it is prime with an
error probability of less than 0.25^nchecks
and error if any. If omitted,
nchecks
is set to 0 which means to select number of iterations basedon the
size of the number
This function perform a Miller-Rabin probabilistic primality test with nchecks iterations. If nchecks == BN_prime_checks (0), a number of iterations is used that yields a false positive rate of at most 2^-64 for random input. The error rate depends on the size of the prime and goes down for bigger primes. The rate is 2^-80 starting at 308 bits, 2^-112 at 852 bits, 2^-128 at 1080 bits, 2^-192 at 3747 bits and 2^-256 at 6394 bits.
When the source of the prime is not random or not trusted, the number of checks needs to be much higher to reach the same level of assurance: It should equal half of the targeted security level in bits (rounded up to the next integer if necessary). For instance, to reach the 128 bit security level, nchecks should be set to 64.
See also BN_is_prime(3).
resty.openssl.cipher
Module to interact with symmetric cryptography (EVP_CIPHER).
cipher.new
syntax: d, err = cipher.new(cipher_name, properties?)
Creates a cipher instance. cipher_name
is a case-insensitive string of cipher algorithm name.
To view a list of cipher algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_cipher_algorithms
or openssl list -cipher-algorithms
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
cipher.istype
syntax: ok = cipher.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of cipher
. Returns false
otherwise.
cipher.set_buffer_size
syntax: ok = cipher.set_buffer_size(sz)
Resize the internal buffer size used by all cipher instance. The default buffer size is 1024 bytes.
If you are expecting to pass input text larger than 1024 bytes at one time to update()
, encrypt()
or decrypt()
, setting the buffer to larger than the expected input size will improve performance
by let more code to be JIT-able.
Avoid call this function at hotpath, as this re-allocate the buffer every time it's called.
cipher:get_provider_name
syntax: name = cipher:get_provider_name()
Returns the provider name of cipher
.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
cipher:gettable_params, cipher:settable_params, cipher:get_param, cipher:set_params
Query settable or gettable params and set or get params. See Generic EVP parameter getter/setter.
cipher:encrypt
syntax: s, err = cipher:encrypt(key, iv?, s, no_padding?, aead_aad?)
Encrypt the text s
with key key
and IV iv
. Returns the encrypted text in raw binary string
and error if any.
Optionally accepts a boolean no_padding
which tells the cipher to enable or disable padding and default
to false
(enable padding). If no_padding
is true
, the length of s
must then be a multiple of the
block size or an error will occur.
When using GCM or CCM mode or chacha20-poly1305
cipher, it's also possible to pass
the Additional Authenticated Data (AAD) as the fifth argument.
This function is a shorthand of cipher:init
, cipher:set_aead_aad
(if appliable) then cipher:final
.
cipher:decrypt
syntax: s, err = cipher:decrypt(key, iv?, s, no_padding?, aead_aad?, aead_tag?)
Decrypt the text s
with key key
and IV iv
. Returns the decrypted text in raw binary string
and error if any.
Optionally accepts a boolean no_padding
which tells the cipher to enable or disable padding and default
to false
(enable padding). If no_padding
is true
, the length of s
must then be a multiple of the
block size or an error will occur; also, padding in the decrypted text will not be removed.
When using GCM or CCM mode or chacha20-poly1305
cipher, it's also possible to pas
the Additional Authenticated Data (AAD) as the fifth argument and authentication tag
as the sixth argument.
This function is a shorthand of cipher:init
, cipher:set_aead_aad
(if appliable),
cipher:set_aead_tag
(if appliable) then cipher:final
.
cipher:init
syntax: ok, err = cipher:init(key, iv?, opts?)
Initialize the cipher with key key
and IV iv
. The optional third argument is a table consists of:
{
is_encrypt = false,
no_padding = false,
}
Calling function is needed before cipher:update and cipher:final if the cipher is not being initialized already. But not cipher:encrypt and cipher:decrypt.
If you wish to reuse cipher
instance multiple times, calling this function is necessary
to clear the internal state of the cipher. The shorthand functions
cipher:encrypt and cipher:decrypt
already take care of initialization and reset.
cipher:update
syntax: s, err = cipher:update(partial, ...)
Updates the cipher with one or more strings. If the cipher has larger than block size of data to flush, the function will return a non-empty string as first argument. This function can be used in a streaming fashion to encrypt or decrypt continous data stream.
cipher:update_aead_aad
syntax: ok, err = cipher:update_aead_aad(aad)
Provides AAD data to the cipher, this function can be called more than one times.
cipher:get_aead_tag
syntax: tag, err = cipher:get_aead_tag(size?)
Gets the authentication tag from cipher with length specified as size
. If omitted, a tag with length
of half of the block size will be returned. The size cannot exceed block size.
This function can only be called after encryption is finished.
cipher:set_aead_tag
syntax: ok, err = cipher:set_aead_tag(tag)
Set the authentication tag of cipher with tag
.
This function can only be called before decryption starts.
cipher:final
syntax: s, err = cipher:final(partial?)
Returns the encrypted or decrypted text in raw binary string, optionally accept one string to encrypt or decrypt.
-- encryption
local c, err = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes256")
c:init(string.rep("0", 32), string.rep("0", 16), {
is_encrypt = true,
})
c:update("🦢")
local cipher, err = c:final()
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(cipher))
-- outputs "vGJRHufPYrbbnYYC0+BnwQ=="
-- OR:
local c, err = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes256")
local cipher, err = c:encrypt(string.rep("0", 32), string.rep("0", 16), "🦢")
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(cipher))
-- outputs "vGJRHufPYrbbnYYC0+BnwQ=="
-- decryption
local encrypted = ngx.decode_base64("vGJRHufPYrbbnYYC0+BnwQ==")
local c, err = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes256")
c:init(string.rep("0", 32), string.rep("0", 16), {
is_encrypt = false,
})
c:update(encrypted)
local cipher, err = c:final()
ngx.say(cipher)
-- outputs "🦢"
-- OR:
local c, err = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes256")
local cipher, err = c:decrypt(string.rep("0", 32), string.rep("0", 16), encrypted)
ngx.say(cipher)
-- outputs "🦢"
Note: in some implementations like libsodium
or Java, AEAD ciphers append the tag
(or MAC
)
at the end of encrypted ciphertext. In such case, user will need to manually cut off the tag
with correct size(usually 16 bytes) and pass in the ciphertext and tag
seperately.
See examples/aes-gcm-aead.lua for an example to use AEAD modes with authentication.
cipher:derive
syntax: key, iv, err = cipher:derive(key, salt?, count?, md?)
Derive a key and IV (if appliable) from given material that can be used in current cipher. This function is useful mainly to work with keys that were already derived from same algorithm. Newer applications should use a more modern algorithm such as PBKDF2 provided by kdf.derive.
count
is the iteration count to perform. If it's omitted, it's set to 1
. Note the recent version of
openssl enc
cli tool automatically use PBKDF2 if -iter
is set to larger than 1,
while this function will not. To use PBKDF2 to derive a key, please refer to kdf.derive.
md
is the message digest name to use, it can take one of the values md2
, md5
, sha
or sha1
.
If it's omitted, it's default to sha1
.
local cipher = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes-128-cfb")
local key, iv, err = cipher:derive("x")
-- equivalent to `openssl enc -aes-128-cfb -pass pass:x -nosalt -P -md sha1`
resty.openssl.digest
Module to interact with message digest (EVP_MD_CTX).
digest.new
syntax: d, err = digest.new(digest_name?, properties?)
Creates a digest instance. digest_name
is a case-insensitive string of digest algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_digest_algorithms or
openssl list -digest-algorithms
.
If digest_name
is omitted, it's default to sha1
. Specially, the digest_name "null"
represents a "null" message digest that does nothing: i.e. the hash it returns is of zero length.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
digest.istype
syntax: ok = digest.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of digest
. Returns false
otherwise.
digest:get_provider_name
syntax: name = digest:get_provider_name()
Returns the provider name of digest
.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
digest:gettable_params, digest:settable_params, digest:get_param, digest:set_params
Query settable or gettable params and set or get params. See Generic EVP parameter getter/setter.
digest:update
syntax: ok, err = digest:update(partial, ...)
Updates the digest with one or more strings.
digest:final
syntax: str, err = digest:final(partial?)
Returns the digest in raw binary string, optionally accept one string to digest.
local d, err = require("resty.openssl.digest").new("sha256")
d:update("🦢")
local digest, err = d:final()
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(digest))
-- outputs "tWW/2P/uOa/yIV1gRJySJLsHq1xwg0E1RWCvEUDlla0="
-- OR:
local d, err = require("resty.openssl.digest").new("sha256")
local digest, err = d:final("🦢")
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(digest))
-- outputs "tWW/2P/uOa/yIV1gRJySJLsHq1xwg0E1RWCvEUDlla0="
digest:reset
syntax: ok, err = digest:reset()
Reset the internal state of digest
instance as it's just created by digest.new.
It calls EVP_DigestInit_ex under
the hood.
User must call this before reusing the same digest
instance.
resty.openssl.hmac
Module to interact with hash-based message authentication code (HMAC_CTX).
Use of this module is deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, please use resty.openssl.mac instead.
hmac.new
syntax: h, err = hmac.new(key, digest_name?)
Creates a hmac instance. digest_name
is a case-insensitive string of digest algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_digest_algorithms or
openssl list -digest-algorithms
.
If digest_name
is omitted, it's default to sha1
.
hmac.istype
syntax: ok = hmac.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of hmac
. Returns false
otherwise.
hmac:update
syntax: ok, err = hmac:update(partial, ...)
Updates the HMAC with one or more strings.
hmac:final
syntax: str, err = hmac:final(partial?)
Returns the HMAC in raw binary string, optionally accept one string to digest.
local d, err = require("resty.openssl.hmac").new("goose", "sha256")
d:update("🦢")
local hmac, err = d:final()
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(hmac))
-- outputs "k2UcrRp25tj1Spff89mJF3fAVQ0lodq/tJT53EYXp0c="
-- OR:
local d, err = require("resty.openssl.hmac").new("goose", "sha256")
local hmac, err = d:final("🦢")
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(hmac))
-- outputs "k2UcrRp25tj1Spff89mJF3fAVQ0lodq/tJT53EYXp0c="
hmac:reset
syntax: ok, err = hmac:reset()
Reset the internal state of hmac
instance as it's just created by hmac.new.
It calls HMAC_Init_ex under
the hood.
User must call this before reusing the same hmac
instance.
resty.openssl.mac
Module to interact with message authentication code (EVP_MAC).
mac.new
syntax: h, err = mac.new(key, mac, cipher?, digest?, properties?)
Creates a mac instance. mac
is a case-insensitive string of MAC algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_mac_algorithms or
openssl list -mac-algorithms
.
At least one of cipher
or digest
must be specified.
cipher
is a case-insensitive string of digest algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_cipher_algorithms or
openssl list -cipher-algorithms
.
digest
is a case-insensitive string of digest algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_digest_algorithms or
openssl list -digest-algorithms
.
properties
parameter can be used to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
mac.istype
syntax: ok = mac.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of mac
. Returns false
otherwise.
mac:get_provider_name
syntax: name = mac:get_provider_name()
Returns the provider name of mac
.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
mac:gettable_params, mac:settable_params, mac:get_param, mac:set_params
Query settable or gettable params and set or get params. See Generic EVP parameter getter/setter.
mac:update
syntax: ok, err = mac:update(partial, ...)
Updates the MAC with one or more strings.
mac:final
syntax: str, err = mac:final(partial?)
Returns the MAC in raw binary string, optionally accept one string to digest.
local d, err = require("resty.openssl.mac").new("goose", "HMAC", nil, "sha256")
d:update("🦢")
local mac, err = d:final()
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(mac))
-- outputs "k2UcrRp25tj1Spff89mJF3fAVQ0lodq/tJT53EYXp0c="
-- OR:
local d, err = require("resty.openssl.mac").new("goose", "HMAC", nil, "sha256")
local hmac, err = d:final("🦢")
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(mac))
-- outputs "k2UcrRp25tj1Spff89mJF3fAVQ0lodq/tJT53EYXp0c="
mac:reset
syntax: ok, err = mac:reset()
Reset the internal state of mac
instance as it's just created by mac.new.
It calls EVP_MAC_Init under
the hood.
User must call this before reusing the same mac
instance.
resty.openssl.kdf
Module to interact with KDF (key derivation function).
kdf.derive (legacy)
syntax: key, err = kdf.derive(options)
Use of this module is deprecated since OpenSSL 3.0, please use kdf.new instead.
Derive a key from given material. Various KDFs are supported based on OpenSSL version:
PBKDF2
(RFC 2898, NIST SP 800-132), HKDF
(RFC 5869), TLS1-PRF
(RFC 2246, RFC 5246 and NIST SP 800-135 r1) and scrypt
(RFC 7914) is available.
options
is a table that contains:
Key | Type | Description | Required or default |
---|---|---|---|
type | number | Type of KDF function to use, one of kdf.PBKDF2 , kdf.SCRYPT , kdf.TLS1_PRF or kdf.HKDF | required |
outlen | number | Desired key length to derive | required |
pass | string | Initial key material to derive from | (empty string) |
salt | string | Add some salt | (empty string) |
md | string | Message digest method name to use, not effective for scrypt type | "sha1" |
properties | string | Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties parameter | |
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms. | |||
pbkdf2_iter | number | PBKDF2 iteration count. RFC 2898 suggests an iteration count of at least 1000. Any value less than 1 is treated as a single iteration. | 1 |
hkdf_key | string | HKDF key | required |
hkdf_mode | number | HKDF mode to use, one of kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXTRACT_AND_EXPAND , kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXTRACT_ONLY or kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXPAND_ONLY . To learn about mode, please refer to EVP_PKEY_CTX_set1_hkdf_key(3). Note with kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXTRACT_ONLY , outlen is ignored and the output will be fixed size of HMAC-<md> . | kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXTRACT_AND_EXPAND |
hkdf_info | string | HKDF info value | (empty string) |
tls1_prf_secret | string | TLS1-PRF secret | required |
tls1_prf_seed | string | TLS1-PRF seed | required |
scrypt_maxmem | number | Scrypt maximum memory usage in bytes | 32 * 1024 * 1024 |
scrypt_N | number | Scrypt CPU/memory cost parameter, must be a power of 2 | required |
scrypt_r | number | Scrypt blocksize parameter (8 is commonly used) | required |
scrypt_p | number | Scrypt parallelization parameter | required |
local kdf = require("resty.openssl.kdf")
local key, err = kdf.derive({
type = kdf.PBKDF2,
outlen = 16,
pass = "1234567",
md = "md5",
pbkdf2_iter = 1000,
})
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(key))
-- outputs "cDRFLQ7NWt+AP4i0TdBzog=="
key, err = kdf.derive({
type = kdf.SCRYPT,
outlen = 16,
pass = "1234567",
scrypt_N = 1024,
scrypt_r = 8,
scrypt_p = 16,
})
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(key))
-- outputs "9giFtxace5sESmRb8qxuOw=="
kdf.new
syntax: k, err = kdf.new(kdf_name?, properties?)
Creates a kdf instance. kdf_name
is a case-insensitive string of kdf algorithm name.
To view a list of kdf algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_kdf_algorithms or
openssl list -kdf-algorithms
.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
This function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
kdf.istype
syntax: ok = kdf.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of kdf
. Returns false
otherwise.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
kdf:get_provider_name
syntax: name = kdf:get_provider_name()
Returns the provider name of kdf
.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
kdf:gettable_params, kdf:settable_params, kdf:get_param, kdf:set_params
Query settable or gettable params and set or get params. See Generic EVP parameter getter/setter.
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
kdf:derive
syntax: ok, err = kdf:derive(outlen, options?, options_count?)
Derive a key with length of outlen
with options
. Certain algorithms output fixed
length of key where outlen
should be unset.
options
is a table map holding parameters passing to kdf
. To view the list of parameters
acceptable by selecter algorithm and provider, use kdf:settable_params
.
Optionally, if length of options
is known, user can provide its length through options_count
to gain better performance where options
table is relatively large.
local k = assert(kdf.new("PBKDF2"))
key = assert(k:derive(16, {
pass = "1234567",
iter = 1000,
digest = "md5",
salt = "",
}))
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(key))
-- outputs "cDRFLQ7NWt+AP4i0TdBzog=="
assert(k:reset())
-- kdf instance is reusable, user can set common parameters
-- through set_params and don't need to repeat in derive()
assert(k:set_params({
iter = 1000,
digest = "md5",
salt = "",
}))
key = assert(k:derive(16, {
pass = "1234567",
}))
ngx.say(ngx.encode_base64(key))
-- outputs "cDRFLQ7NWt+AP4i0TdBzog=="
local k = assert(kdf.new("HKDF"))
key = assert(k:derive(16, {
digest = "md5",
key = "secret",
salt = "salt",
info = "some info",
mode = kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXPAND_ONLY,
-- as HKDF also accepts mode as string, use the literal below also works
-- mode = "EXPAND_ONLY"
}))
This function is available since OpenSSL 3.0.
kdf:reset
syntax: ok, err = kdf:reset()
Reset the internal state of kdf
instance as it's just created by kdf.new.
User must call this before reusing the same kdf
instance.
resty.openssl.objects
Helpfer module on ASN1_OBJECT.
objects.obj2table
syntax: tbl = objects.bytes(asn1_obj)
Convert a ASN1_OBJECT pointer to a Lua table where
{
id: OID of the object,
nid: NID of the object,
sn: short name of the object,
ln: long name of the object,
}
objects.nid2table
syntax: tbl, err = objects.nid2table(nid)
Convert a NID to a Lua table, returns the same format as objects.obj2table
objects.txt2nid
syntax: nid, err = objects.txt2nid(txt)
Convert a text representation to NID.
resty.openssl.pkcs12
Module to interact with PKCS#12 format.
pkcs12.encode
syntax: der, err = pkcs12.encode(data, passphrase?, properties?)
Encode data in data
to a PKCS#12 text.
data
is a table that contains:
Key | Type | Description | Required or default |
---|---|---|---|
key | pkey | Private key | required |
cert | x509 | Certificate | required |
cacerts | A list of x509 as Lua table | Additional certificates | [] |
friendly_name | string | The name used for the supplied certificate and key | "" |
nid_key | number or string | The NID or text to specify algorithm to encrypt key | "PBE-SHA1-RC2-4" if compiled with RC2, otherwise "PBE-SHA1-3DES" ; on OpenSSL 3.0 and later PBES2 with PBKDF2 and AES-256-CBC . |
nid_cert | number or string | The NID or text to specify algorithm to encrypt cert | "PBE-SHA1-3DES" ; on OpenSSL 3.0 and later PBES2 with PBKDF2 and AES-256-CBC |
iter | number | Key iterration count | PKCS12_DEFAULT_ITER (2048) |
mac_iter | number | MAC iterration count | 1 |
passphrase
is the string for encryption. If omitted, an empty string will be used.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
Note in OpenSSL 3.0 RC2
has been moved to legacy provider. In order to encode p12 data with RC2
encryption, you need to load the legacy provider first.
local pro = require "resty.openssl.provider"
local legacy_provider = assert(pro.load("legacy"))
local p12, err = pkcs12.encode({ key = key, cert = cert})
assert(legacy_provider:unload())
pkcs12.decode
syntax: data, err = pkcs12.decode(p12, passphrase?)
Decode a PKCS#12 text to Lua table data
. Similar to the data
table passed to pkcs12.encode,
but onle cert
, key
, cacerts
and friendly_name
are returned.
passphrase
is the string for encryption. If omitted, an empty string will be used.
Note in OpenSSL 3.0 RC2
has been moved to legacy provider. In order to decode p12 data with RC2
encryption, you need to load the legacy provider first.
resty.openssl.rand
Module to interact with random number generator.
rand.bytes
syntax: str, err = rand.bytes(length, private?, strength?)
Generate random bytes with length of length
. If private
is set to true, a
private PRNG instance is used so that a compromise of the "public" PRNG instance
will not affect the secrecy of these private values.
The bytes generated will have a security strength of at least strength
bits.
resty.openssl.x509
Module to interact with X.509 certificates.
x509.new
syntax: crt, err = x509.new(txt?, fmt?, properties?)
Creates a x509
instance. txt
can be PEM or DER formatted text;
fmt
is a choice of PEM
, DER
to load specific format, or *
for auto detect.
When txt
is omitted, new()
creates an empty x509
instance.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
x509.dup
syntax: x509, err = x509.dup(x509_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a X509*
to create a new x509
instance.
x509.istype
syntax: ok = x509.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of x509
. Returns false
otherwise.
x509:digest
syntax: d, err = x509:digest(digest_name?, properties?)
Returns a digest of the DER representation of the X509 certificate object in raw binary text.
digest_name
is a case-insensitive string of digest algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_digest_algorithms or
openssl list -digest-algorithms
.
If digest_name
is omitted, it's default to sha1
.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
x509:pubkey_digest
syntax: d, err = x509:pubkey_digest(digest_name?, properties?)
Returns a digest of the DER representation of the pubkey in the X509 object in raw binary text.
digest_name
is a case-insensitive string of digest algorithm name.
To view a list of digest algorithms implemented, use
openssl.list_digest_algorithms or
openssl list -digest-algorithms
.
If digest_name
is omitted, it's default to sha1
.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
x509:check_private_key
syntax: match, err = x509:check_private_key(pkey)
Checks the consistency of private key pkey
with the public key in current X509 object.
Returns a boolean indicating if it's a match and err describing the reason.
Note this function also checks if k itself is indeed a private key or not.
x509:get_*, x509:set_*
syntax: ok, err = x509:set_attribute(instance)
syntax: instance, err = x509:get_attribute()
Setters and getters for x509 attributes share the same syntax.
Attribute name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
issuer_name | x509.name | Issuer of the certificate |
not_before | number | Unix timestamp when certificate is not valid before |
not_after | number | Unix timestamp when certificate is not valid after |
pubkey | pkey | Public key of the certificate |
serial_number | bn | Serial number of the certficate |
subject_name | x509.name | Subject of the certificate |
version | number | Version of the certificate, value is one less than version. For example, 2 represents version 3 |
Additionally, getters and setters for extensions are also available:
Extension name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
subject_alt_name | x509.altname | Subject Alternative Name of the certificate, SANs are usually used to define "additional Common Names" |
issuer_alt_name | x509.altname | Issuer Alternative Name of the certificate |
basic_constraints | table, { ca = bool, pathlen = int} | Basic Constriants of the certificate |
info_access | x509.extension.info_access | Authority Information Access of the certificate, contains information like OCSP reponder URL. |
crl_distribution_points | x509.extension.dist_points | CRL Distribution Points of the certificate, contains information like Certificate Revocation List(CRL) URLs. |
For all extensions, get_{extension}_critical
and set_{extension}_critical
is also supported to
access the critical
flag of the extension.
If the attribute is not found, getter will return nil, nil
.
local x509, err = require("resty.openssl.x509").new()
err = x509:set_not_before(ngx.time())
local not_before, err = x509:get_not_before()
ngx.say(not_before)
-- outputs 1571875065
err = x509:set_basic_constraints_critical(true)
If type is a table, setter requires a table with case-insensitive keys to set; getter returns the value of the given case-insensitive key or a table of all keys if no key provided.
local x509, err = require("resty.openssl.x509").new()
err = x509:set_basic_constraints({
cA = false,
pathlen = 0,
})
ngx.say(x509:get_basic_constraints("pathlen"))
-- outputs 0
ngx.say(x509:get_basic_constraints())
-- outputs '{"ca":false,"pathlen":0}'
Note that user may also access the certain extension by x509:get_extension and
x509:set_extension, while the later two function returns or requires
extension instead. User may use getter and setters listed here if modification
of current extensions is needed; use x509:get_extension or
x509:set_extension if user are adding or replacing the whole extension or
getters/setters are not implemented. If the getter returned a type of x509.*
instance, it can be
converted to a extension instance by extension:from_data,
and thus used by x509:get_extension and x509:set_extension
x509:get_lifetime
syntax: not_before, not_after, err = x509:get_lifetime()
A shortcut of x509:get_not_before
plus x509:get_not_after
x509:set_lifetime
syntax: ok, err = x509:set_lifetime(not_before, not_after)
A shortcut of x509:set_not_before
plus x509:set_not_after
.
x509:get_signature_name, x509:get_signature_nid, x509:get_signature_digest_name
syntax: sn, err = x509:get_signature_name()
syntax: nid, err = x509:get_signature_nid()
syntax: sn, err = x509:get_signature_digest_name()
Return the NID or the short name (SN) of the signature of the certificate.
x509:get_signature_digest_name
returns the short name of the digest algorithm
used to sign the certificate.
x509:get_extension
syntax: extension, pos, err = x509:get_extension(nid_or_txt, last_pos?)
Get X.509 extension
matching the given NID to certificate, returns a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance and the found position.
If last_pos
is defined, the function searchs from that position; otherwise it
finds from beginning. Index is 1-based.
local ext, pos, err = x509:get_extension("keyUsage")
ngx.say(ext:text())
-- outputs "Digital Signature, Key Encipherment"
local ext, pos, err = x509:get_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier")
ngx.say(ext:text())
-- outputs "3D:42:13:57:8F:79:BE:30:7D:86:A9:AC:67:50:E5:56:3E:0E:AF:4F"
x509:add_extension
syntax: ok, err = x509:add_extension(extension)
Adds an X.509 extension
to certificate, the first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance.
local extension, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.extension").new(
"keyUsage", "critical,keyCertSign,cRLSign"
)
local x509, err = require("resty.openssl.x509").new()
local ok, err = x509:add_extension(extension)
x509:set_extension
syntax: ok, err = x509:set_extension(extension, last_pos?)
Adds an X.509 extension
to certificate, the first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance.
The difference from x509:add_extension is that
in this function if a extension
with same type already exists,
the old extension will be replaced.
If last_pos
is defined, the function replaces the same extension from that position;
otherwise it finds from beginning. Index is 1-based. Returns nil, nil
if not found.
Note this function is not thread-safe.
x509:get_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = x509:get_extension_critical(nid_or_txt)
Get critical flag of the X.509 extension
matching the given NID from certificate.
x509:set_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = x509:set_extension_critical(nid_or_txt, crit?)
Set critical flag of the X.509 extension
matching the given NID to certificate.
x509:get_ocsp_url
syntax: url_or_urls, err = x509:get_ocsp_url(return_all?)
Get OCSP URL(s) of the X.509 object. If return_all
is set to true, returns a table
containing all OCSP URLs; otherwise returns a string with first OCSP URL found.
Returns nil
if the extension is not found.
x509:get_crl_url
syntax: url_or_urls, err = x509:get_crl_url(return_all?)
Get CRL URL(s) of the X.509 object. If return_all
is set to true, returns a table
containing all CRL URLs; otherwise returns a string with first CRL URL found.
Returns nil
if the extension is not found.
x509:sign
syntax: ok, err = x509:sign(pkey, digest?)
Sign the certificate using the private key specified by pkey
, which must be a
resty.openssl.pkey that stores private key. Optionally accept digest
parameter to set digest method, whichmust be a resty.openssl.digest instance.
Returns a boolean indicating if signing is successful and error if any.
x509:verify
syntax: ok, err = x509:verify(pkey)
Verify the certificate signature using the public key specified by pkey
, which
must be a resty.openssl.pkey. Returns a boolean indicating if
verification is successful and error if any.
x509:tostring
syntax: str, err = x509:tostring(fmt?)
Outputs certificate in PEM-formatted text or DER-formatted binary.
The first argument can be a choice of PEM
or DER
; when omitted, this function outputs PEM by default.
x509:to_PEM
syntax: pem, err = x509:to_PEM()
Outputs the certificate in PEM-formatted text.
resty.openssl.x509.csr
Module to interact with certificate signing request (X509_REQ).
See examples/csr.lua for an example to generate CSR.
csr.new
syntax: csr, err = csr.new(txt?, fmt?, properties?)
Create an empty csr
instance. txt
can be PEM or DER formatted text;
fmt
is a choice of PEM
, DER
to load specific format, or *
for auto detect.
When txt
is omitted, new()
creates an empty csr
instance.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
csr.istype
syntax: ok = csr.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of csr
. Returns false
otherwise.
csr:check_private_key
syntax: match, err = csr:check_private_key(pkey)
Checks the consistency of private key pkey
with the public key in current CSR object.
Returns a boolean indicating if it's a match and err describing the reason.
Note this function also checks if k itself is indeed a private key or not.
csr:get_*, csr:set_*
syntax: ok, err = csr:set_attribute(instance)
syntax: instance, err = csr:get_attribute()
Setters and getters for x509 attributes share the same syntax.
Attribute name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
pubkey | pkey | Public key of the certificate request |
subject_name | x509.name | Subject of the certificate request |
version | number | Version of the certificate request, value is one less than version. For example, 2 represents version 3 |
Additionally, getters and setters for extensions are also available:
Extension name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
subject_alt_name | x509.altname | Subject Alternative Name of the certificate request, SANs are usually used to define "additional Common Names" |
For all extensions, get_{extension}_critical
and set_{extension}_critical
is also supported to
access the critical
flag of the extension.
If the attribute is not found, getter will return nil, nil
.
local csr, err = require("resty.openssl.csr").new()
err = csr:set_version(3)
local version, err = csr:get_version()
ngx.say(version)
-- outputs 3
Note that user may also access the certain extension by csr:get_extension and
csr:set_extension, while the later two function returns or requires
extension instead. User may use getter and setters listed here if modification
of current extensions is needed; use csr:get_extension or
csr:set_extension if user are adding or replacing the whole extension or
getters/setters are not implemented. If the getter returned a type of x509.*
instance, it can be
converted to a extension instance by extension:from_data,
and thus used by csr:get_extension and csr:set_extension
csr:set_subject_alt
Same as csr:set_subject_alt_name, this function is deprecated to align with naming convension with other functions.
csr:get_signature_name, csr:get_signature_nid, csr:get_signature_digest_name
syntax: sn, err = csr:get_signature_name()
syntax: nid, err = csr:get_signature_nid()
syntax: sn, err = csr:get_signature_digest_name()
Return the NID or the short name (SN) of the signature of the certificate request.
csr:get_signature_digest_name
returns the short name of the digest algorithm
used to sign the certificate.
csr:get_extension
syntax: extension, pos, err = csr:get_extension(nid_or_txt, pos?)
Get X.509 extension
matching the given NID to certificate, returns a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance and the found position.
If last_pos
is defined, the function searchs from that position; otherwise it
finds from beginning. Index is 1-based.
local ext, pos, err = csr:get_extension("basicConstraints")
csr:get_extensions
syntax: extensions, err = csr:get_extensions()
Return all extensions as a resty.openssl.x509.extensions instance.
csr:add_extension
syntax: ok, err = csr:add_extension(extension)
Adds an X.509 extension
to csr, the first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance.
csr:set_extension
syntax: ok, err = csr:set_extension(extension)
Adds an X.509 extension
to csr, the first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance.
The difference from csr:add_extension is that
in this function if a extension
with same type already exists,
the old extension will be replaced.
Note this function is not thread-safe.
csr:get_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = csr:get_extension_critical(nid_or_txt)
Get critical flag of the X.509 extension
matching the given NID from csr.
csr:set_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = csr:set_extension_critical(nid_or_txt, crit?)
Set critical flag of the X.509 extension
matching the given NID to csr.
csr:sign
syntax: ok, err = csr:sign(pkey, digest?)
Sign the certificate request using the private key specified by pkey
, which must be a
resty.openssl.pkey that stores private key. Optionally accept digest
parameter to set digest method, whichmust be a resty.openssl.digest instance.
Returns a boolean indicating if signing is successful and error if any.
csr:verify
syntax: ok, err = csr:verify(pkey)
Verify the CSR signature using the public key specified by pkey
, which
must be a resty.openssl.pkey. Returns a boolean indicating if
verification is successful and error if any.
csr:tostring
syntax: str, err = csr:tostring(fmt?)
Outputs certificate request in PEM-formatted text or DER-formatted binary.
The first argument can be a choice of PEM
or DER
; when omitted, this function outputs PEM by default.
csr:to_PEM
syntax: pem, err = csr:to_PEM(?)
Outputs CSR in PEM-formatted text.
resty.openssl.x509.crl
Module to interact with X509_CRL(certificate revocation list).
crl.new
syntax: crt, err = crl.new(txt?, fmt?, properties?)
Creates a crl
instance. txt
can be PEM or DER formatted text;
fmt
is a choice of PEM
, DER
to load specific format, or *
for auto detect.
When txt
is omitted, new()
creates an empty crl
instance.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
crl.dup
syntax: crl, err = crl.dup(crl_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a X509_CRL*
to create a new crl
instance.
crl.istype
syntax: ok = crl.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of crl
. Returns false
otherwise.
crl:get_*, crl:set_*
syntax: ok, err = crl:set_attribute(instance)
syntax: instance, err = crl:get_attribute()
Setters and getters for crl attributes share the same syntax.
Attribute name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
issuer_name | x509.name | Issuer of the CRL |
last_update | number | Unix timestamp when CRL is not valid before |
next_update | number | Unix timestamp when CRL is not valid after |
version | number | Version of the certificate, value is one less than version. For example, 2 represents version 3 |
Additionally, getters and setters for extensions are also available:
Extension name | Type | Description |
---|
For all extensions, get_{extension}_critical
and set_{extension}_critical
is also supported to
access the critical
flag of the extension.
If the attribute is not found, getter will return nil, nil
.
local crl, err = require("resty.openssl.crl").new()
err = crl:set_next_update(ngx.time())
local not_before, err = crl:get_next_update()
ngx.say(not_before)
-- outputs 1571875065
Note that user may also access the certain extension by crl:get_extension and
crl:set_extension, while the later two function returns or requires
extension instead. User may use getter and setters listed here if modification
of current extensions is needed; use crl:get_extension or
crl:set_extension if user are adding or replacing the whole extension or
getters/setters are not implemented. If the getter returned a type of crl.*
instance, it can be
converted to a extension instance by extension:from_data,
and thus used by crl:get_extension and crl:set_extension
crl:get_signature_name, crl:get_signature_nid, crl:get_signature_digest_name
syntax: sn, err = crl:get_signature_name()
syntax: nid, err = crl:get_signature_nid()
syntax: sn, err = crl:get_signature_digest_name()
Return the NID or the short name (SN) of the signature of the CRL.
crl:get_signature_digest_name
returns the short name of the digest algorithm
used to sign the certificate.
crl:get_by_serial
syntax: found_revoked, err = crl:get_by_serial(serial)
Find if given serial
is in the CRL, serial
can be bn instance, or
a hexadecimal string. Returns a table if found where:
{
serial_number: serial number of the revoked cert in hexadecimal string,
revoked_date: revoked date of the cert as unix timestamp
}
Returns false
if not found; specially if a serial number is removed from CRL, then
false, "not revoked (removeFromCRL)"
is returned.
crl:get_extension
syntax: extension, pos, err = crl:get_extension(nid_or_txt, last_pos?)
Get X.509 extension
matching the given NID to CRL, returns a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance and the found position.
If last_pos
is defined, the function searchs from that position; otherwise it
finds from beginning. Index is 1-based.
crl:add_extension
syntax: ok, err = crl:add_extension(extension)
Adds an X.509 extension
to CRL, the first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance.
crl:set_extension
syntax: ok, err = crl:set_extension(extension, last_pos?)
Adds an X.509 extension
to CRL, the first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509.extension instance.
The difference from crl:add_extension is that
in this function if a extension
with same type already exists,
the old extension will be replaced.
If last_pos
is defined, the function replaces the same extension from that position;
otherwise it finds from beginning. Index is 1-based. Returns nil, nil
if not found.
Note this function is not thread-safe.
crl:get_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = crl:get_extension_critical(nid_or_txt)
Get critical flag of the X.509 extension
matching the given NID from CRL.
crl:set_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = crl:set_extension_critical(nid_or_txt, crit?)
Set critical flag of the X.509 extension
matching the given NID to CRL.
crl:add_revoked
syntax: ok, err = crl:add_revoked(revoked)
Adds a resty.openssl.x509.revoked instance to the CRL.
crl:sign
syntax: ok, err = crl:sign(pkey, digest?)
Sign the CRL using the private key specified by pkey
, which must be a
resty.openssl.pkey that stores private key. Optionally accept digest
parameter to set digest method, whichmust be a resty.openssl.digest instance.
Returns a boolean indicating if signing is successful and error if any.
crl:verify
syntax: ok, err = crl:verify(pkey)
Verify the CRL signature using the public key specified by pkey
, which
must be a resty.openssl.pkey. Returns a boolean indicating if
verification is successful and error if any.
crl:tostring
syntax: str, err = crl:tostring(fmt?)
Outputs CRL in PEM-formatted text or DER-formatted binary.
The first argument can be a choice of PEM
or DER
; when omitted, this function outputs PEM by default.
crl:text
syntax: str, err = crl:text()
Outputs CRL in a human-readable format.
crl:to_PEM
syntax: pem, err = crl:to_PEM()
Outputs the CRL in PEM-formatted text.
crl:__metamethods
syntax: for i, revoked in ipairs(crl)
syntax: len = #crl
syntax: revoked = crl[i]
Access the revoked list as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
Each returned object is a table where:
{
serial_number: serial number of the revoked cert in hexadecimal string,
revoked_date: revoked date of the cert as unix timestamp
}
local f = io.open("t/fixtures/TrustAsiaEVTLSProCAG2.crl"):read("*a")
local crl = assert(require("resty.openssl.x509.crl").new(f))
for _, obj in ipairs(crl) do
ngx.say(require("cjson").encode(obj))
end
-- outputs '{"revocation_date":1577753344,"serial_number":"09159859CAC0C90203BB34C5A012C2A3"}'
resty.openssl.x509.name
Module to interact with X.509 names.
name.new
syntax: name, err = name.new()
Creates an empty name
instance.
name.dup
syntax: name, err = name.dup(name_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a X509_NAME*
to create a new name
instance.
name.istype
syntax: ok = name.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of name
. Returns false
otherwise.
name:add
syntax: name, err = name:add(nid_text, txt)
Adds an ASN.1 object to name
. First arguments in the text representation of NID.
Second argument is the plain text value for the ASN.1 object.
Returns the name instance itself on success, or nil
and an error on failure.
This function can be called multiple times in a chained fashion.
local name, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.name").new()
local _, err = name:add("CN", "example.com")
_, err = name
:add("C", "US")
:add("ST", "California")
:add("L", "San Francisco")
name:find
syntax: obj, pos, err = name:find(nid_text, last_pos?)
Finds the ASN.1 object with the given text representation of NID from the
postition of last_pos
. By omitting the last_pos
parameter, find
finds from the beginning.
Returns the object in a table as same format as decribed here, the position
of the found object and error if any. Index is 1-based. Returns nil, nil
if not found.
local name, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.name").new()
local _, err = name:add("CN", "example.com")
:add("CN", "example2.com")
local obj, pos, err = name:find("CN")
ngx.say(obj.blob, " at ", pos)
-- outputs "example.com at 1"
local obj, pos, err = name:find("2.5.4.3", 1)
ngx.say(obj.blob, " at ", pos)
-- outputs "example2.com at 2"
name:tostring
syntax: txt = name:tostring()
Outputs name in a text representation.
local name, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.name").new()
local _, err = name:add("CN", "example.com")
:add("CN", "example2.com")
ngx.say(name:tostring())
-- outputs "CN=example.com/CN=example2.com"
name:__metamethods
syntax: for k, obj in pairs(name)
syntax: len = #name
syntax: k, v = name[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
Each returned object is a table where:
{
id: OID of the object,
nid: NID of the object,
sn: short name of the object,
ln: long name of the object,
blob: value of the object,
}
local name, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.name").new()
local _, err = name:add("CN", "example.com")
for k, obj in pairs(name) do
ngx.say(k, ":", require("cjson").encode(obj))
end
-- outputs 'CN: {"sn":"CN","id":"2.5.4.3","nid":13,"blob":"3.example.com","ln":"commonName"}'
resty.openssl.x509.altname
Module to interact with GENERAL_NAMES, an extension to X.509 names.
altname.new
syntax: altname, err = altname.new()
Creates an empty altname
instance.
altname.dup
syntax: altname, err = altname.dup(altname_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAMES)
to create a new altname
instance. The function creates a new
stack but won't duplicates elements in the stack.
altname.istype
syntax: altname = digest.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of altname
. Returns false
otherwise.
altname:add
syntax: altname, err = altname:add(key, value)
Adds a name to altname stack, first argument is case-insensitive and can be one of
RFC822Name
RFC822
Email
UniformResourceIdentifier
URI
DNSName
DNS
IP
IPAddress
This function can be called multiple times in a chained fashion.
altname:tostring
syntax: txt = altname:tostring()
Outputs altname in a text representation.
local altname, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.altname").new()
_, err = altname
:add("DNS", "2.example.com")
:add("DnS", "3.example.com")
ngx.say(altname:tostring())
-- outputs "DNS=2.example.com/DNS=3.example.com"
altname:__metamethods
syntax: for k, obj in pairs(altname)
syntax: len = #altname
syntax: k, v = altname[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
Only the following types are decoded, other types are decoded as "TYPE:<unsupported>"
:
RFC822Name / Email
URI
DNS
DirName
resty.openssl.x509.extension
Module to interact with every X.509 extensions.
This module is particular useful to create extensions not supported by
x509.*
modules or custom extensions.
extension.new
syntax: ext, err = extension.new(name, value, data?)
Creates a new extension
instance. name
and value
are strings in OpenSSL
arbitrary extension format.
data
can be a table, string or nil. Where data
is a table, the following key will be looked up:
data = {
issuer = resty.openssl.x509 instance,
subject = resty.openssl.x509 instance,
request = resty.openssl.x509.csr instance,
crl = resty.openssl.x509.crl instance,
issuer_pkey = resty.openssl.pkey instance, -- >= OpenSSL 3.0
}
From OpenSSL 3.0, issuer_pkey
can be specified as a fallback source for
generating the authority key identifier extension when issuer
is same as subject
.
When data
is a string, it's the full nconf string. Using section lookup from value
to
data
is also supported.
local extension = require("resty.openssl.x509.extension")
-- extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
local ext, err = extension.new("extendedKeyUsage", "serverAuth,clientAuth")
-- crlDistributionPoints=URI:http://myhost.com/myca.crl
ext, err = extension.new("crlDistributionPoints", "URI:http://myhost.com/myca.crl")
-- with section lookup
ext, err = extension.new(
"crlDistributionPoints", "crldp1_section",
[[
[crldp1_section]
fullname=URI:http://myhost.com/myca.crl
CRLissuer=dirName:issuer_sect
reasons=keyCompromise, CACompromise
[issuer_sect]
C=UK
O=Organisation
CN=Some Name
]]
)
-- combine section lookup with other value
ext, err = extension.new(
"certificatePolicies", "ia5org,1.2.3.4,1.5.6.7.8,@polsect",
[[
[polsect]
policyIdentifier = 1.3.5.8
CPS.1="http://my.host.name/"
CPS.2="http://my.your.name/"
userNotice.1=@notice
[notice]
explicitText="Explicit Text Here"
organization="Organisation Name"
noticeNumbers=1,2,3,4
]]
))
-- subjectKeyIdentifier=hash
local x509, err = require("resty.openssl.x509").new()
ext, err = extension.new("subjectKeyIdentifier", "hash", {
subject = x509
})
</details>
See examples/tls-alpn-01.lua for an example to create extension with an unknown nid.
extension.dup
syntax: ext, err = extension.dup(extension_ptr_cdata)
Creates a new extension
instance from X509_EXTENSION*
pointer.
extension.from_der
syntax: ext, ok = extension.from_der(der, nid_or_txt, crit?)
Creates a new extension
instance. der
is the ASN.1 encoded string to be
set for the extension.
nid_or_txt
is a number or text representation of NID and
crit
is the critical flag of the extension.
See examples/tls-alpn-01.lua for an example to create extension with an unknown nid.
extension:to_der
syntax: der, ok = extension:to_der()
Returns the ASN.1 encoded (DER) value of the extension.
nid_or_txt
is a number or text representation of NID. Note DER
is a binary
encoding format. Consider using extension:text for human readable
or printable output.
extension.from_data
syntax: ext, ok = extension.from_data(table, nid_or_txt, crit?)
Creates a new extension
instance. table
can be instance of:
nid_or_txt
is a number or text representation of NID and
crit
is the critical flag of the extension.
extension.to_data
syntax: ext, ok = extension:to_data(nid_or_txt)
Convert the extension
to another wrapper instance. Currently supported following:
nid_or_txt
is a number or text representation of NID.
extension.istype
syntax: ok = extension.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of extension
. Returns false
otherwise.
extension:get_extension_critical
syntax: crit, err = extension:get_extension_critical()
Returns true
if extension is critical. Returns false
otherwise.
extension:set_extension_critical
syntax: ok, err = extension:set_extension_critical(crit)
Set the critical flag of the extension.
extension:get_object
syntax: obj = extension:get_object()
Returns the name of extension as ASN.1 Object. User can further use helper functions in resty.openssl.objects to print human readable texts.
extension:text
syntax: txt, err = extension:text()
Returns the text representation of extension. This functions calls X509V3_EXT_print
under the hood,
and fallback to ASN1_STRING_print
if the former failed. It thus has exact same output with that
of openssl x509 -text
.
local objects = require "resty.openssl.objects"
ngx.say(cjson.encode(objects.obj2table(extension:get_object())))
-- outputs '{"ln":"X509v3 Subject Key Identifier","nid":82,"sn":"subjectKeyIdentifier","id":"2.5.29.14"}'
ngx.say(extension:text())
-- outputs "C9:C2:53:61:66:9D:5F:AB:25:F4:26:CD:0F:38:9A:A8:49:EA:48:A9"
extension:tostring
syntax: txt, err = extension:tostring()
Same as extension:text.
resty.openssl.x509.extension.dist_points
Module to interact with CRL Distribution Points(DIST_POINT stack).
dist_points.new
syntax: dp, err = dist_points.new()
Creates a new dist_points
instance.
dist_points.dup
syntax: dp, err = dist_points.dup(dist_points_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a STACK_OF(DIST_POINT)
to create a new dist_points
instance. The function creates a new
stack but won't duplicates elements in the stack.
dist_points.istype
syntax: ok = dist_points.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of dist_points
. Returns false
otherwise.
dist_points:__metamethods
syntax: for i, obj in ipairs(dist_points)
syntax: len = #dist_points
syntax: obj = dist_points[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
Each object returned when iterrating dist_points instance is a x509.altname instance.
local x = x509.new(io.open("/path/to/a_cert_has_dist_points.crt"):read("*a"))
local cdp = x:get_crl_distribution_points()
local an = cdp[1]
ngx.say(an:tostring())
-- or any other function for resty.openssl.x509.altname
for _, an in ipairs(cdp) do
ngx.say(an:tostring())
end
resty.openssl.x509.extension.info_access
Module to interact with Authority Information Access data (AUTHORITY_INFO_ACCESS, ACCESS_DESCRIPTION stack).
info_access.new
syntax: aia, err = info_access.new()
Creates a new info_access
instance.
info_access.dup
syntax: aia, err = info_access.dup(info_access_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a AUTHORITY_INFO_ACCESS
to create a new info_access
instance. The function creates a new
stack but won't duplicates elements in the stack.
info_access.istype
syntax: ok = info_access.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of info_access
. Returns false
otherwise.
info_access:add
syntax: ok, err = info_access:add(x509)
Add a x509
object to the info_access. The first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509 instance.
info_access:__metamethods
syntax: for i, obj in ipairs(info_access)
syntax: len = #info_access
syntax: obj = info_access[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
Each object returned when iterrating dist_points instance is a table of NID type and values.
local cjson = require("cjosn")
local x509 = require("resty.openssl.x509")
local crt = x509.new(io.open("/path/to/a_cert_has_info_access.crt"):read("*a"))
local aia = crt:get_info_access()
ngx.say(cjson.encode(aia[1]))
-- outputs '[178,"URI","http:\/\/ocsp.starfieldtech.com\/"]'
for _, a in ipairs(aia) do
ngx.say(cjson.encode(a))
end
resty.openssl.x509.extensions
Module to interact with X.509 Extension stack.
extensions.new
syntax: ch, err = extensions.new()
Creates a new extensions
instance.
extensions.dup
syntax: ch, err = extensions.dup(extensions_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a STACK_OF(X509_EXTENSION)
to create a new extensions
instance. The function creates a new
stack but won't duplicates elements in the stack.
extensions.istype
syntax: ok = extensions.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of extensions
. Returns false
otherwise.
extensions:add
syntax: ok, err = extensions:add(x509)
Add a x509
object to the extensions. The first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509 instance.
extensions:__metamethods
syntax: for i, obj in ipairs(extensions)
syntax: len = #extensions
syntax: obj = extensions[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
resty.openssl.x509.chain
Module to interact with X.509 stack.
chain.new
syntax: ch, err = chain.new()
Creates a new chain
instance.
chain.dup
syntax: ch, err = chain.dup(chain_ptr_cdata)
Duplicates a STACK_OF(X509)
to create a new chain
instance. The function creates a new
stack and increases reference count for all elements by 1. But it won't duplicate the elements
themselves.
chain.istype
syntax: ok = chain.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of chain
. Returns false
otherwise.
chain:add
syntax: ok, err = chain:add(x509)
Add a x509
object to the chain. The first argument must be a
resty.openssl.x509 instance.
chain:__metamethods
syntax: for i, obj in ipairs(chain)
syntax: len = #chain
syntax: obj = chain[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag; otherwise use all
, each
, index
and count
instead.
See also functions for stack-like objects.
resty.openssl.x509.store
Module to interact with X.509 certificate store (X509_STORE).
store.new
syntax: st, err = store.new(properties?)
Creates a new store
instance.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
store.istype
syntax: ok = store.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of store
. Returns false
otherwise.
store:use_default
syntax: ok, err = store:use_default(properties?)
Loads certificates into the X509_STORE from the hardcoded default paths.
Note that to load "default" CAs correctly, usually you need to install a CA
certificates bundle. For example, the package in Debian/Ubuntu is called ca-certificates
.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
store:add
syntax: ok, err = store:add(x509_or_crl, skip_set_crl_check_flags?)
Adds a X.509 or a CRL object into store. The argument must be a resty.openssl.x509 instance or a resty.openssl.x509.crl instance.
By default, adding a CRL object will automatically set the flag to store
X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK
. Setting the second optional argument to true
will
skip settting the flags.
store:load_file
syntax: ok, err = store:load_file(path, properties?)
Loads a X.509 certificate on file system into store.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
store:load_directory
syntax: ok, err = store:load_directory(path, properties?)
Loads a directory of X.509 certificates on file system into store. The certificates in the directory must be in hashed form, as documented in X509_LOOKUP_hash_dir(3).
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
store:set_purpose
syntax: ok, err = store:set_purpose(purpose)
Set the X509_STORE to match Key Usage and Extendend Key Usage when verifying the cert. Possible values are:
sslclient SSL client
sslserver SSL server
nssslserver Netscape SSL server
smimesign S/MIME signing
smimeencrypt S/MIME encryption
crlsign CRL signing
any Any Purpose
ocsphelper OCSP helper
timestampsign Time Stamp signing
Normally user should use verify_method
parameter of store:verify unless the purpose
is not included in the default verify methods.
store:set_depth
syntax: ok, err = store:set_depth(depth)
Set the verify depth.
store:set_flags
syntax: ok, err = store:set_flags(flag1, flag2, ...)
Set the verify flags, available via store.verify_flags
table:
X509_V_FLAG_CB_ISSUER_CHECK = 0x0, -- Deprecated
X509_V_FLAG_USE_CHECK_TIME = 0x2,
X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK = 0x4,
X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL = 0x8,
X509_V_FLAG_IGNORE_CRITICAL = 0x10,
X509_V_FLAG_X509_STRICT = 0x20,
X509_V_FLAG_ALLOW_PROXY_CERTS = 0x40,
X509_V_FLAG_POLICY_CHECK = 0x80,
X509_V_FLAG_EXPLICIT_POLICY = 0x100,
X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_ANY = 0x200,
X509_V_FLAG_INHIBIT_MAP = 0x400,
X509_V_FLAG_NOTIFY_POLICY = 0x800,
X509_V_FLAG_EXTENDED_CRL_SUPPORT = 0x1000,
X509_V_FLAG_USE_DELTAS = 0x2000,
X509_V_FLAG_CHECK_SS_SIGNATURE = 0x4000,
X509_V_FLAG_TRUSTED_FIRST = 0x8000,
X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_128_LOS_ONLY = 0x10000,
X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_192_LOS = 0x20000,
X509_V_FLAG_SUITEB_128_LOS = 0x30000,
X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN = 0x80000,
X509_V_FLAG_NO_ALT_CHAINS = 0x100000,
X509_V_FLAG_NO_CHECK_TIME = 0x200000,
store:set_flags(store.verify_flags.X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN)
store:set_flags(store.verify_flags.X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN,
store.verify_flags.X509_V_FLAG_NO_CHECK_TIME)
store:set_flags(store.verify_flags.X509_V_FLAG_PARTIAL_CHAIN +
store.verify_flags.X509_V_FLAG_NO_CHECK_TIME)
See X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set_flags(3) for explanation of each flag.
store:verify
syntax: chain, err = store:verify(x509, chain?, return_chain?, properties?, verify_method?, verify_flags?)
Verifies a X.509 object with the store. The first argument must be resty.openssl.x509 instance. Optionally accept a validation chain as second argument, which must be a resty.openssl.x509.chain instance.
If verification succeed, and return_chain
is set to true, returns the proof of validation as a
resty.openssl.x509.chain; otherwise
returns true
only. If verification failed, returns nil
and error explaining the reason.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
verify_method
can be set to use predefined verify parameters such as "default"
, "pkcs7"
,
"smime_sign"
, "ssl_client"
and "ssl_server"
. This set corresponding purpose
, trust
and
couple of other defaults but does not override the parameters set from
store:set_purpose.
verify_flags
paramter is the additional verify flags to be set. See store:set_flags
for all available flags.
store:check_revocation
syntax: ok, err = store:check_revocation(verified_chain, properties?)
Only does the revocation check. The first argument verified_chain
must be a
resty.openssl.x509.chain instance which could be returned from
store_ctx:verify
or be built by yourself. Note the first cert needs to be the end entity
certificate you want to check and the second cert needs to be its issuer.
Staring from OpenSSL 3.0, this function accepts an optional properties
parameter
to explictly select provider to fetch algorithms.
Returns true
when the certificate isn't revoked,
otherwise returns nil
and error explaining the reason.
resty.openssl.x509.revoked
Module to interact with X509_REVOKED.
revoked.new
syntax: ch, err = revoked.new(serial_number, time, reason)
Creates a new revoked
instance. serial_number
can be either a resty.openssl.bn
instance or a number. time
and reason
must be numbers.
revoked.istype
syntax: ok = revoked.istype(table)
Returns true
if table is an instance of revoked
. Returns false
otherwise.
resty.openssl.ssl
Module to interact with SSL connection.
This module is currently considered experimental.
Note: to use this module in production, user is encouraged to compile lua-resty-openssl-aux-module.
ssl.from_request
syntax: sess, err = ssl.from_request()
Wraps the SSL*
instance from current downstream request.
ssl.from_socket
syntax: sess, err = ssl.from_socket(sock)
Wraps the SSL*
instance from a TCP cosocket, the cosocket must have already
been called sslhandshake
.
ssl:get_peer_certificate
syntax: x509, err = ssl:get_peer_certificate()
Return the peer certificate as a x509 instance. Depending on the type
of ssl
, peer certificate means the server certificate on client side, or the client certificate
on server side.
This function should be called after SSL handshake.
ssl:get_peer_cert_chain
syntax: chain, err = ssl:get_peer_certificate()
Return the whole peer certificate chain as a x509.chain instance.
Depending on the type of ssl
, peer certificate means the server certificate on client side,
or the client certificate on server side.
This function should be called after SSL handshake.
ssl:set_ciphersuites, ssl:set_cipher_list
syntax: ok, err = ssl:set_ciphersuites(cipher_suite) syntax: ok, err = ssl:set_cipher_list(cipher_list)
Set the cipher suites string used in handshake. Use ssl:set_ciphersuites for TLSv1.3 and
ssl:set_cipher_list` for lower.
This function should be called before SSL handshake; for server this means this function
is only effective in ssl_certificate_by
or ssl_client_hello_by
phases.
ssl:get_ciphers
syntax: ciphers, err = ssl:get_ciphers()
Get the cipher list string used in handshake as a string.
ssl:get_cipher_name
syntax: cipher_name, err = ssl:get_cipher_name()
Get the negotiated cipher name as a string.
This function should be called after SSL handshake.
ssl:set_timeout
syntax: ok, err = ssl:set_timeout(tm)
Set the timeout value for current session in seconds tm
.
ssl:get_timeout
syntax: tm, err = ssl:set_timeout(tm)
Get the timeout value for current session in seconds.
ssl:set_verify
syntax: ok, err = ssl:set_verify(mode)
Set the verify mode in current session. Available modes are:
ssl.SSL_VERIFY_NONE = 0x00,
ssl.SSL_VERIFY_PEER = 0x01,
ssl.SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT = 0x02,
ssl.SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE = 0x04,
ssl.SSL_VERIFY_POST_HANDSHAKE = 0x08,
This function should be called before SSL handshake; for server this means this function
is only effective in ssl_certificate_by
or ssl_client_hello_by
phases.
ssl:add_client_ca
syntax: ok, err = ssl:add_client_ca(x509)
Add the CA name extracted from x509
to the list of CAs sent to the client
when requesting a client certificate. x509
is a x509
instance. This function doesn't affect the verification result of client certificate.
This function should be called before SSL handshake; for server this means this function
is only effective in ssl_certificate_by
or ssl_client_hello_by
phases.
ssl:set_options
syntax: bitmask, err = ssl:set_options(option, ...)
Set one or more options in current session. Available options are:
<details> <summary>SSL options</summary> ssl.SSL_OP_NO_EXTENDED_MASTER_SECRET = 0x00000001,
ssl.SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT = 0x00000002,
ssl.SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT = 0x00000004,
ssl.SSL_OP_TLSEXT_PADDING = 0x00000010,
ssl.SSL_OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG = 0x00000040,
ssl.SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF = 0x00000080,
ssl.SSL_OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES = 0x00000200,
ssl.SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX = 0x00000400,
ssl.SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS = 0x00000800,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_QUERY_MTU = 0x00001000,
ssl.SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE = 0x00002000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TICKET = 0x00004000,
ssl.SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT = 0x00008000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION = 0x00010000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x00020000,
ssl.SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION = 0x00040000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC = 0x00080000,
ssl.SSL_OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT = 0x00100000,
ssl.SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA = 0x00200000,
ssl.SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE = 0x00400000,
ssl.SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG = 0x00800000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY = 0x01000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 = 0x02000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 = 0x04000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2 = 0x08000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 = 0x10000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3 = 0x20000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_DTLSv1 = 0x04000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_DTLSv1_2 = 0x08000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION = 0x40000000,
ssl.SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG = 0x80000000,
</details>
Multiple options can be passed in seperatedly, or in a bitwise or bitmask.
assert(ssl:set_options(bit.bor(ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1, ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2)))
-- same as
assert(ssl:set_options(ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1, ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2))
Returns the options of current session in bitmask.
This function should be called before SSL handshake; for server this means this function
is only effective in ssl_client_hello_by
phase.
ssl:get_options
syntax: bitmask, err = ssl:get_options(readable?)
Get the options for current session. If readable
is not set or set to false
, the function
return the bit mask for all optinos; if readable
is set to true,
the function returns
a sorted Lua table containing literals for all options.
ssl:clear_options
syntax: bitmask, err = ssl:clear_options(option, ...)
Clear one or more options in current session. Available options are same as that in ssl:set_options.
Multiple options can be passed in seperatedly, or in a bitwise or bitmask.
assert(ssl:clear_options(bit.bor(ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1, ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2)))
-- same as
assert(ssl:clear_options(ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1, ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2))
Returns the options of current session in bitmask.
This function should be called before SSL handshake; for server this means this function
is only effective in ssl_client_hello_by
phase.
ssl:set_protocols
syntax: bitmask, err = ssl:set_protocols(protocol, ...)
Set avaialable protocols for handshake, this is a convenient function that calls ssl:set_options and ssl:clear_options to set appropriate options.
Returns the options of current session in bitmask.
This function should be called before SSL handshake; for server this means this function
is only effective in ssl_client_hello_by
phase.
assert(ssl:set_protocols("TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2"))
-- same as
assert(ssl:set_options(ssl.SSL_OP_NO_SSL_MASK))
assert(ssl:clear_options(ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1, ssl.SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2))
resty.openssl.ssl_ctx
Module to interact with SSL_CTX context.
This module is currently considered experimental.
Note: to use this module in production, user is encouraged to compile lua-resty-openssl-aux-module.
ssl_ctx.from_request
syntax: ctx, err = ssl_ctx.from_request()
Wraps the SSL_CTX*
instance from current downstream request.
ssl_ctx.from_socket
syntax: sess, err = ssl_ctx.from_socket(sock)
Wraps the SSL_CTX*
instance from a TCP cosocket, the cosocket must have already
been called sslhandshake
.
ssl_ctx:set_alpns
syntax: ok, err = ssl_ctx:set_alpns(alpn, ...)
Set the ALPN list to be negotiated with peer. Each alpn
is the plaintext
literal for the protocol, like "h2"
.
Functions for stack-like objects
metamethods
syntax: for k, obj in pairs(x)
syntax: for k, obj in ipairs(x)
syntax: len = #x
syntax: obj = x[i]
Access the underlying objects as it's a Lua table. Make sure your LuaJIT compiled
with -DLUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
flag.
Each object may only support either pairs
or ipairs
. Index is 1-based.
local name, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.name").new()
local _, err = name:add("CN", "example.com")
for k, obj in pairs(name) do
ngx.say(k, ":", require("cjson").encode(obj))
end
-- outputs 'CN: {"sn":"CN","id":"2.5.4.3","nid":13,"blob":"3.example.com","ln":"commonName"}'
each
syntax: iter = x:each()
Return an iterator to traverse objects. Use this while LUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
is not enabled.
local name, err = require("resty.openssl.x509.name").new()
local _, err = name:add("CN", "example.com")
local iter = name:each()
while true do
local k, obj = iter()
if not k then
break
end
end
all
syntax: objs, err = x:all()
Returns all objects in the table. Use this while LUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
is not enabled.
count
syntax: len = x:count()
Returns count of objects of the table. Use this while LUAJIT_ENABLE_LUA52COMPAT
is not enabled.
index
syntax: obj = x:index(i)
Returns objects at index of i
of the table, index is 1-based. If index is out of bound, nil
is returned.
General rules on garbage collection
- When a type is added or returned to another type, it's internal cdata is always copied.
local name = require("resty.openssl.x509.name"):add("CN", "example.com")
local x509 = require("resty.openssl.x509").new()
-- `name` is copied when added to x509
x509:set_subject_name(name)
name:add("L", "Mars")
-- subject_name in x509 will not be modified
- The creator set the GC handler; the user must not free it.
- For a stack:
- If it's created by
new()
: set GC handler to sk_TYPE_pop_free- The gc handler for elements being added to stack should not be set. Instead, rely on the gc handler of the stack to free each individual elements.
- If it's created by
dup()
(shallow copy):- If elements support reference counter (like X509): increase ref count for all elements by 1; set GC handler to sk_TYPE_pop_free.
- If not, set GC handler to sk_free
- Additionally, the stack duplicates the element when it's added to stack, a GC handler for the duplicate must be set. But a reference should be kept in Lua land to prevent premature gc of individual elements. (See x509.altname).
- Shallow copy for stack is fine because in current design user can't modify the element in the stack directly. Each elemente is duplicated when added to stack and when returned.
- If it's created by
Generic EVP parameter getter/setter
Starting from OpenSSL 3.0, this library provides a genric interface to get and set abitrary parameters from underlying implementation. This works for cipher, pkey, digest, mac and kdf.
Some can be used to provide equal results with existing functions, for example the following code produces same result.
local pkey = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new({ type = "EC" })
pkey:get_param("priv", nil, "bn") == pkey:get_parameters().private
local cipher = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes-256-gcm")
cipher:encrypt(string.rep("0", 32), string.rep("0", "12"), "secret", false, "aad")
cipher:get_param("tag", 16) == cipher:get_aead_tag()
gettable_params
syntax: schema, err = x:gettable_params(raw?)
Returns the readable schema as a Lua table for all gettable params.
When raw
is set to true, the function returns the raw schema instead.
settable_params
syntax: schema, err = x:settable_params(raw?)
Returns the readable schema as a Lua table for all settable params.
When raw
is set to true, the function returns the raw schema instead.
local c = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes-256-gcm")
print(cjson.encode(c:settable_params()))
-- outputs [["ivlen","unsigned integer (max 8 bytes large)"],["tag","octet string (arbitrary size)"],["tlsaad","octet string (arbitrary size)"],["tlsivfixed","octet string (arbitrary size)"],["tlsivinv","octet string (arbitrary size)"]]
print(cjson.encode(c:gettable_params()))
-- outputs [["keylen","unsigned integer (max 8 bytes large)"],["ivlen","unsigned integer (max 8 bytes large)"],["taglen","unsigned integer (max 8 bytes large)"],["iv","octet string (arbitrary size)"],["updated-iv","octet string (arbitrary size)"],["tag","octet string (arbitrary size)"],["tlsaadpad","unsigned integer (max 8 bytes large)"],["tlsivgen","octet string (arbitrary size)"]]
get_param
syntax: value, err = x:get_param(key, want_size?, want_type?)
Read the param key
and return its value. The return value is a Lua number
or a string.
Certain params requires exact size to be set, in such case,
want_size
should be specified; if want_size
is not specified and, the
library use a buffer of 100 bytes to hold the return value.
Certain params returns a special type, user should explictly set want_type
as a string to correctly decode them. Currently want_type
can only be
"bn"
or unset. Note it may also be necessary to increase temporary buffer
size want_size
when want_type
is "bn"
.
local c = require("resty.openssl.cipher").new("aes-256-gcm")
print(c:get_param("taglen"))
-- outputs 16
print(c:get_param("tag"))
-- returns error, tag must have a explict size
print(c:get_param("tag", 16))
-- outputs the tag
local p = require("resty.openssl.pkey").new())
print(p:get_param("d"):to_hex())
-- returns error, d (private exponent) is a BIGNUM
print(p:get_param("d", 256, "bn"):to_hex())
-- returns d as resty.openssl.bn instance
set_params
syntax: ok, err = x:set_params(params)
Set params passed in with Lua table params
. The library does limited type check, user
is responsible for validity of input.
local k = require("resty.openssl.kdf").new("HKDF")
k:set_params({
digest = "md5",
salt = "salt",
info = "some info",
mode = kdf.HKDEF_MODE_EXPAND_ONLY,
-- as HKDF also accepts mode as string, use the literal below also works
-- mode = "EXPAND_ONLY"
}))
Code generation
Lots of functions and tests for X509, CSR and CRL are generated from templates under
scripts
directory. Those functions and tests are either commented with AUTO GENERATED
or AUTOGEN
.
When making changes to them, please update the template under scripts/templates
instead. Then
regenerate them again.
cd scripts
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
python3 ./x509_autogen.py
Compatibility
Although only a small combinations of CPU arch and OpenSSL version are tested, the library should function well as long as the linked OpenSSL library is API compatible. This means the same name of functions are exported with same argument types.
For OpenSSL 1.0.2 series however, binary/ABI compatibility must be ensured as some struct members are accessed directly. They are accessed by memory offset in assembly.
OpenSSL keeps ABI/binary compatibility with minor releases or letter releases. So all structs offsets and macro constants are kept same.
If you plan to use this library on an untested version of OpenSSL (like custom builds or pre releases), this can be a good source to consult.
Credits
This project receives contribution from following developers:
Copyright and License
This module is licensed under the BSD license.
Copyright (C) 2019-2023, by fffonion fffonion@gmail.com.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-
Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-
Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.