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Phan is a static analyzer for PHP that prefers to minimize false-positives. Phan attempts to prove incorrectness rather than correctness.

Phan looks for common issues and will verify type compatibility on various operations when type information is available or can be deduced. Phan has a good (but not comprehensive) understanding of flow control and can track values in a few use cases (e.g. arrays, integers, and strings).

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Getting Started

The easiest way to use Phan is via Composer.

composer require phan/phan

With Phan installed, you'll want to create a .phan/config.php file in your project to tell Phan how to analyze your source code. Once configured, you can run it via ./vendor/bin/phan.

Phan depends on PHP 7.2+ with the php-ast extension (1.0.10+ is preferred) and supports analyzing PHP version 7.0-7.4 syntax. Installation instructions for php-ast can be found here. (Phan can be used without php-ast by using the CLI option --allow-polyfill-parser, but there are slight differences in the parsing of doc comments)

The Wiki has more information about using Phan.

Features

Phan is able to perform the following kinds of analysis:

See Phan Issue Types for descriptions and examples of all issues that can be detected by Phan. Take a look at the \Phan\Issue to see the definition of each error type.

Take a look at the Tutorial for Analyzing a Large Sloppy Code Base to get a sense of what the process of doing ongoing analysis might look like for you.

Phan can be used from various editors and IDEs for its error checking, "go to definition" support, etc. via the Language Server Protocol. Editors and tools can also request analysis of individual files in a project using the simpler Daemon Mode.

See the tests directory for some examples of the various checks.

Phan is imperfect and shouldn't be used to prove that your PHP-based rocket guidance system is free of defects.

Features provided by plugins

Additional analysis features have been provided by plugins.

Example: Phan's plugins for self-analysis.

Usage

After installing Phan, Phan needs to be configured with details on where to find code to analyze and how to analyze it. The easiest way to tell Phan where to find source code is to create a .phan/config.php file. A simple .phan/config.php file might look something like the following.

<?php

/**
 * This configuration will be read and overlaid on top of the
 * default configuration. Command line arguments will be applied
 * after this file is read.
 */
return [

    // Supported values: `'5.6'`, `'7.0'`, `'7.1'`, `'7.2'`, `'7.3'`, `'7.4'`, `null`.
    // If this is set to `null`,
    // then Phan assumes the PHP version which is closest to the minor version
    // of the php executable used to execute Phan.
    "target_php_version" => null,

    // A list of directories that should be parsed for class and
    // method information. After excluding the directories
    // defined in exclude_analysis_directory_list, the remaining
    // files will be statically analyzed for errors.
    //
    // Thus, both first-party and third-party code being used by
    // your application should be included in this list.
    'directory_list' => [
        'src',
        'vendor/symfony/console',
    ],

    // A directory list that defines files that will be excluded
    // from static analysis, but whose class and method
    // information should be included.
    //
    // Generally, you'll want to include the directories for
    // third-party code (such as "vendor/") in this list.
    //
    // n.b.: If you'd like to parse but not analyze 3rd
    //       party code, directories containing that code
    //       should be added to the `directory_list` as
    //       to `exclude_analysis_directory_list`.
    "exclude_analysis_directory_list" => [
        'vendor/'
    ],

    // A list of plugin files to execute.
    // Plugins which are bundled with Phan can be added here by providing their name
    // (e.g. 'AlwaysReturnPlugin')
    //
    // Documentation about available bundled plugins can be found
    // at https://github.com/phan/phan/tree/master/.phan/plugins
    //
    // Alternately, you can pass in the full path to a PHP file
    // with the plugin's implementation (e.g. 'vendor/phan/phan/.phan/plugins/AlwaysReturnPlugin.php')
    'plugins' => [
        // checks if a function, closure or method unconditionally returns.
        // can also be written as 'vendor/phan/phan/.phan/plugins/AlwaysReturnPlugin.php'
        'AlwaysReturnPlugin',
        'DollarDollarPlugin',
        'DuplicateArrayKeyPlugin',
        'DuplicateExpressionPlugin',
        'PregRegexCheckerPlugin',
        'PrintfCheckerPlugin',
        'SleepCheckerPlugin',
        // Checks for syntactically unreachable statements in
        // the global scope or function bodies.
        'UnreachableCodePlugin',
        'UseReturnValuePlugin',
        'EmptyStatementListPlugin',
        'LoopVariableReusePlugin',
    ],
];

Take a look at Creating a Config File and Incrementally Strengthening Analysis for more details.

Running phan --help will show usage information and command-line options.

Annotating Your Source Code

Phan reads and understands most PHPDoc type annotations including Union Types (like int|MyClass|string|null) and generic array types (like int[] or string[]|MyClass[] or array<int,MyClass>).

Take a look at Annotating Your Source Code and About Union Types for some help getting started with defining types in your code.

Phan supports (int|string)[] style annotations, and represents them internally as int[]|string[] (Both annotations are treated like array which may have integers and/or strings). When you have arrays of mixed types, just use array.

The following code shows off the various annotations that are supported.

/**
 * @return void
 */
function f() {}

/** @deprecated */
class C {
    /** @var int */
    const C = 42;

    /** @var string[]|null */
    public $p = null;

    /**
     * @param int|null $p
     * @return string[]|null
     */
    public static function f($p) {
        if (is_null($p)) {
            return null;
        }

        return array_map(
            /** @param int $i */
            function($i) {
                return "thing $i";
            },
            range(0, $p)
        );
    }
}

Just like in PHP, any type can be nulled in the function declaration which also means a null is allowed to be passed in for that parameter.

Phan checks the type of every single element of arrays (Including keys and values). In practical terms, this means that [$int1=>$int2,$int3=>$int4,$int5=>$str6] is seen as array<int,int|string>, which Phan represents as array<int,int>|array<int,string>. [$strKey => new MyClass(), $strKey2 => $unknown] will be represented as array<string,MyClass>|array<string,mixed>.

Generating a file list

This static analyzer does not track includes or try to figure out autoloader magic. It treats all the files you throw at it as one big application. For code encapsulated in classes this works well. For code running in the global scope it gets a bit tricky because order matters. If you have an index.php including a file that sets a bunch of global variables and you then try to access those after the include(...) in index.php the static analyzer won't know anything about these.

In practical terms this simply means that you should put your entry points and any files setting things in the global scope at the top of your file list. If you have a config.php that sets global variables that everything else needs, then you should put that first in the list followed by your various entry points, then all your library files containing your classes.

Development

Take a look at Developer's Guide to Phan for help getting started hacking on Phan.

When you find an issue, please take the time to create a tiny reproducing code snippet that illustrates the bug. And once you have done that, fix it. Then turn your code snippet into a test and add it to tests then ./test and send a PR with your fix and test. Alternatively, you can open an Issue with details.

To run Phan's unit tests, just run ./test.

To run all of Phan's unit tests and integration tests, run ./tests/run_all_tests.sh

Code of Conduct

We are committed to fostering a welcoming community. Any participant and contributor is required to adhere to our Code of Conduct.

Online Demo

This requires an up to date version of Firefox/Chrome and at least 4 GB of free RAM. (this is a 10 MB download)

Run Phan entirely in your browser.

Preview of analyzing PHP