Awesome

bench-lru

benchmark the least-recently-used caches which are available on npm.

Introduction

An LRU cache is a cache with bounded memory use. The point of a cache is to improve performance, so how performant are the available implementations?

LRUs achive bounded memory use by removing the oldest items when a threashold number of items is reached. We measure 3 cases, adding an item, updating an item, and adding items which push other items out of the LRU.

There is a previous benchmark but it did not describe it's methodology. (and since it measures the memory used, but tests everything in the same process, it does not get clear results)

Benchmark

I run a very simple multi-process benchmark, with 5 iterations to get a median of ops/ms:

Set the LRU to fit max N=200,000 items.
Add N random numbers to the cache, with keys 0-N.
Then update those keys with new random numbers.
Then evict those keys, by adding keys N-2N.

Results

Operations per millisecond (higher is better):

name	set	get1	update	get2	evict
hashlru	18536	17590	17794	18332	9381
mnemonist-object	15314	69444	35026	68966	7949
quick-lru	8214	4572	6777	4608	6345
tiny-lru	6530	46296	37244	42017	5961
lru-fast	5979	36832	32626	40900	5929
mnemonist-map	6272	15785	10923	16077	3738
lru	3927	5454	5001	5366	2827
simple-lru-cache	3393	3855	3701	3899	2496
hyperlru-object	3515	3953	4044	4102	2495
js-lru	3813	10010	9246	10309	1843
secondary-cache	2780	5705	5790	10549	1727
lru-cache	2275	3388	3334	3301	1593
hyperlru-map	2424	2508	2443	2540	1552
modern-lru	2710	3946	3581	4021	1327
mkc	1559	2044	1178	2161	1037

We can group the results in a few categories:

all rounders (mnemonist, lru_cache, tiny-lru, simple-lru-cache, lru-fast) where the performance to add update and evict are comparable.
fast-write, slow-evict (lru, hashlru, lru-native, modern-lru) these have better set/update times, but for some reason are quite slow to evict items!
slow in at least 2 categories (lru-cache, mkc, faster-lru-cache, secondary-cache)

Discussion

It appears that all-round performance is the most difficult to achive, in particular, performance on eviction is difficult to achive. I think eviction performance is the most important consideration, because once the cache is warm each subsequent addition causes an eviction, and actively used, hot, cache will run close to it's eviction performance. Also, some have faster add than update, and some faster update than add.

modern-lru gets pretty close to lru-native perf. I wrote hashlru after my seeing the other results from this benchmark, it's important to point out that it does not use the classic LRU algorithm, but has the important properties of the LRU (bounded memory use and O(1) time complexity)

Splitting the benchmark into multiple processes helps minimize JIT state pollution (gc, turbofan opt/deopt, etc.), and we see a much clearer picture of performance per library.

Future work

This is still pretty early results, take any difference smaller than an order of magnitude with a grain of salt.

It is necessary to measure the statistical significance of the results to know accurately the relative performance of two closely matched implementations.

I also didn't test the memory usage. This should be done running the benchmarks each in a separate process, so that the memory used by each run is not left over while the next is running.

Conclusion

Javascript is generally slow, so one of the best ways to make it fast is to write less of it. LRUs are also quite difficult to implement (linked lists!). In trying to come up with a faster LRU implementation I realized that something far simpler could do the same job. Especially given the strengths and weaknesses of javascript, this is significantly faster than any of the other implementations, including the C implementation. Likely, the overhead of the C<->js boundry is partly to blame here.

License

MIT