Awesome

.Xresources-theme

This theme reads its colors from your ~/.Xresources file so that you can easily keep your emacs theme in sync with your xterm and other X applications.

In Action

Here you can see xterm and emacs, both configured with the .Xresources version of solarized.

Screenshot

Configuration

Configure your theme in your ~/.Xresources like

*foreground: #000000
*background: #FFFFFF
*color0: #111111
! ...
*color15: #FFFFFF

You can also set colors specifically for emacs like

emacs*background: #123456

although this defies the whole purpose of this theme.

Remember that an X application gets its resources at startup. So to make changes in your ~/.Xresources apply to your emacs, you have to reload the resource configuration with xrdb ~/.Xresources and then restart emacs.