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pcapdj

pcapdj - dispatch pcap files

Network captures often result in very large files. Therefore, tools like tcpdump or dumpcap offer features of file rotation either after a fixed size or a fixed amount of time.

When these files are analyzed focusing on stateful protocols such as TCP, TCP sessions could have been established in one pcap file and continue in the next pcap files. When these TCP sessions have to be properly reassembled, then either the TCP reassembly tool has to support multiple pcap files as input or the pcap files have to merged in a single file using for instance a tool such as editcap. However, in this case, very large files are the results, that were tried to be avoided with the file rotation.

PCAPDJ processes a list of pcap files and write each individual packet in a named pipe. A second process reads these individual packets and does some processing. A third process, does some cleanup operations and controls pcapdj.

Each pcap file that is processed by pcapdj must be authorized by a third process. When a pcap file is not acknowledged the file descriptor to the named pipe is not closed and hence the other program processing pcap data does not end and keeps its internal states. Before a next file is authorized, other tasks could be done, such as removing duplicated files or already processed pcap files in order to free disk space.

Building PCAPDJ

Dependencies

In an Ubuntu 16.04 Operating system the following packages must be installed.

apt-get install libwsutil-dev libwiretap-dev libhiredis-dev libglib2.0-dev

Compiling

unzip pcapdj-master.zip

cd pcapdj-master

make

Use case with Suricata

The Suricata IDS can be configured to extract all HTTP payloads [1]. This feature is used in the following example in conjunction with pcapdj feeding suricata with multiple pcap files.

Import the pcap files that should be processed by pcapdj

#!/usr/bin/python
import redis
import os
root="mypcapfiledir"
red = redis.Redis()
files = os.listdir(root)
files.sort()
for rf in files:
    f = root + "/"+rf
    if f.endswith('pcap') == True:
    # Compressed files are supported too
    # if f.endswith('pcap.gz') == True:
        red.rpush("PCAPDJ_IN_QUEUE",f)

Create a name pipe that is shared between pcapdj and suricata

mkfifo /tmp/pcapbuffer

Launch pcapdj

 ./pcapdj -b /tmp/pcapbuffer 
redis_server = 127.0.0.1
redis_port = 6379
named pipe = /tmp/pcapbuffer
Waiting for other peer (IDS, tcp-reassembly engine, etc)...
PCAPDJ waits for the consumer of the fifo bufer. In this case suricata.

Launch suricata

suricata -r /tmp/pcapbuffer 

Until now no packets are put in the buffer because pcapdj needs an authorization. PCAPDJ says that it is ready to process the pcapfile 1.pcap and that it waits for this authorization. For doing so, pcapdj puts the next file it wants to process in a queue called PCAPDJ_NEXT and it searches for the given filename in the PCAPDJ_AUTH set. This way several pcadj processes can be managed by the same authorization script.

[INFO] Next file to process /tmp/testpcaps/1.pcap
[INFO] Waiting authorization to process file /tmp/testpcaps/2.pcap

Launch the controller script that authorizes each pcap file that is put in the named pipe.

while True:
    #Check if some data is ready to be process
    pcapname = red.lpop("PCAPDJ_NEXT")
    if pcapname != None:
        print "Authorized file ",pcapname
        red.sadd("PCAPDJ_AUTH", pcapname)

Wait until pcapdj and suricata are done

Additional Features

On the experimental branch two new features were implemented based on a signal handler.

Suspending PCAPDJ

If PCAPDJ is processing a large file and the resources are at the point of being exhausted, the command kill -SIGUSR1 <pid of pcap dj> can be executed. PCAPDJ stops feeding the fifo buffer and resources can be manually freed without terminating the consumer program.

Once, the machine is cleaned up, PCAPDJ can be resumed by sending a second time the SIGUSR1 signal.

Display Accounting Data

When PCAPDJ is running for a while, it might be interesting to determine what is happening. The signal SIGUSR2 can be sent to PCAPDJ. PCAPDJ shows then following information on standard output.

• A timestamp when PCAPDJ started
• The number of seconds elapsed since PCAPDJ started
• The internal state of PCAPDJ
• The number of times PCAPDJ has been suspended
• The number of files PCAPDJ processed
• The number of packets PCAPDJ processed
• The sum of the cap length fields
• The sum of the length fields. If the sum of lengths is different from the sum of cap lengths then the capture is incomplete.

An example is shown below:

[STATS] Start time:2013-06-09 09:17:50
[STATS] Uptime:322 (seconds)
[STATS] Internal state:Waiting for authorization
[STATS] Number of suspensions:0
[STATS] Number of files:1
[STATS] Number of packets:2968
[STATS] Number of cap_lengths:330581
[STATS] Number of lengths:330581

References

[1] http://blog.inliniac.net/2011/11/29/file-extraction-in-suricata/