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A curated list of popular Foundation Models in Healthcare. Please submit a pull request to contribute :-)

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🤗Open Medical-LLM Leaderboard

Table of Contents

Large Language Models <a name="llms"></a>

TitleInstituteDateCode
PH-LLM: Towards a Personal Health Large Language Model <br> PHIA Transforming Wearable Data into Health Insights using Large Language Model AgentsGoogle Research <br> citations1 <br> citations22024-06Blog
Internist.ai: Impact of high-quality, mixed-domain data on the performance of medical language modelsUniversité catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc <br> citations2024-05HuggingFace <br> Likes
Med_Gemini-[2D,3D,Polygenic]: Advancing Multimodal Medical Capabilities of GeminiGoogle Research, DeepMind <br> citations2024-05Blog
MedVersa: A Generalist Learner for Multifaceted Medical Image InterpretationHarvard Medical School <br> citations2024-05-
OpenBioLLM-70B: Advancing Open-source Large Language Models in Medical DomainSaama AI Labs2024-04HuggingFace <br> Likes
Med-Gemini: Capabilities of Gemini Models in MedicineGoogle Research, DeepMind <br> citations2024-04-
Llama-3[8B]-MeditronV1.0: — A State-of-the-Art Large Language Model for Medicine in 24 HoursLiGHT, Yale-EPFL <br> citations2024-04Blog
Hippocrates: An Open-Source Framework for Advancing Large Language Models in HealthcareKUIS AI Center <br> citations2024-04HuggingFace <br> Likes
BioMistral: A Collection of Open-Source Pretrained Large Language Models for Medical DomainsLIA - Avignon Université, <br> Nantes Université citations2024-02HuggingFace <br> Likes
AMIE: Towards Conversational Diagnostic AIGoogle Research, DeepMind <br> citations2024-01-
MEDITRON-70B: Scaling Medical Pretraining for Large Language ModelsEPFL Lausanne <br> citations2023-11Hugging🤗 <br> Github Star
Asclepius: Publicly Shareable Clinical Large Language Model Built on Synthetic Clinical NotesKAIST <br> citations2023-09Hugging🤗 <br> Github Star
Radiology-Llama2: Best-in-Class Large Language Model for RadiologyUniversity of Georgia <br> citations2023-08-
CoDoC: Enhancing the reliability and accuracy of AI-enabled diagnosis via complementarity-driven deferral to cliniciansDeepMind, Google <br> citations2023-07Github <br> Star
Med-PaLM 2: Towards Expert-Level Medical Question Answering with Large Language ModelsGoogle <br> citations2023-05-
Clinical Camel: An Open-Source Expert-Level Medical Language Model with Dialogue-Based Knowledge EncodingVector Institute, <br> University of Toronto <br> citations2023-05Hugging🤗 <br> Github Star
MEDALPACA - AN OPEN-SOURCE COLLECTION OF MEDICAL CONVERSATIONAL AI MODELS AND TRAINING DATAUniversity Hospital Aachen <br> citations2023-04Hugging🤗 <br> Github Star
PMC-LLaMA: Towards Building Open-source Language Models for MedicineCMIC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University <br> Shanghai AI Laboratory citations2023-04Hugging🤗 <br> Github Star
ChatDoctor: A Medical Chat Model Fine-Tuned on a Large Language Model Meta-AI (LLaMA) Using Medical Domain KnowledgeUniversity of Texas <br> citations2023-03Github Star
BioMedLM-PubMedGPT: A purpose-built AI model trained to interpret biomedical languageStanford CRFM, MosaicML2022-12HuggingFace <br> Likes
Med-PaLM: Large Language Models Encode Clinical KnowledgeGoogle <br> citations2022-12Github <br> Star
ClinicalT5: A Generative Language Model for Clinical TextUniversity of Oregon, Baidu <br> citations2022-12HuggingFace <br> Likes
GatorTron: A large language model for electronic health recordsUniversity of Florida, NVIDIA <br> citations2022-12HuggingFace <br> Likes
BioGPT: Generative Pre-trained Transformer for Biomedical Text Generation and MiningMicrosoft Research <br> citations2022-09HuggingFace <br> Likes
BioBART: Pretraining and Evaluation of A Biomedical Generative Language ModelTsinghua University <br> citations2022-04HuggingFace <br> Likes
KeBioLM: Improving Biomedical Pretrained Language Models with KnowledgeTsinghua, Alibaba <br> citations2021-04Github <br> Star
Pretrained Language Models for Biomedical and Clinical Tasks: Understanding and Extending the State-of-the-ArtMeta <br> citations2020-11Github <br> Star
BioMegatron: Larger Biomedical Domain Language ModelNVIDIA <br> citations2020-10HuggingFace <br> Likes
PubMedBERT: Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language ProcessingMicrosoft Research <br> citations2020-07HuggingFace <br> Likes
Publicly Available Clinical BERT EmbeddingsMIT CSAIL <br> citations2019-04HuggingFace <br> Likes
ClinicalBERT: Modeling Clinical Notes and Predicting Hospital ReadmissionHarvard, Princeton, NYU <br> citations2019-04Github <br> Star
BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text miningKorea University <br> citations2019‑01Github <br> Star
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Large Vision Models <a name="lvms"></a>

TitleInstituteDateCode
LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One DayMicrosoft Research <br> citations2023-06Hugging🤗 <br> Github Star
Segment anything model for medical image analysis: An experimental studyDuke University <br> citations2023-04Github <br> Star
BiomedCLIP: a multimodal biomedical foundation model pretrained from fifteen million scientific image-text pairsMicrosoft Research <br> citations2023-03HuggingFace <br> Likes

Survey Papers + Clinical Studies <a name="survey-studies"></a>

TitleInstituteDate
Integrating human expertise & automated methods for a dynamic and multi-parametric evaluation of large language models’ feasibility in clinical decision-makingUniversity of {Bari, Rome} <br> citations2024-05
Opportunities and challenges for ChatGPT and large language models in biomedicine and healthNIH <br> citations2024-01
Evaluating the Medical Knowledge of Open LLMs - Part 1MedARC <br> citations2024-01
A Survey of Large Language Models in Medicine: Principles, Applications, and ChallengesUniversity of Oxford <br> citations2023-11
Exploring the Boundaries of GPT-4 in RadiologyMicrosoft, Harvard University <br> citations2023-10
A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: from Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and EthicsIEEE members <br> citations2023-10
Capabilities of GPT-4 on Medical Challenge ProblemsMicrosoft, OpenAI <br> citations2023-03
Do We Still Need Clinical Language Models?MIT, Xyla <br> citations2023-02

Articles <a name="articles"></a>

TitleInstituteDate
The future landscape of large language models in medicineTUD Dresden <br> citations2023-10
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