Awesome
mathbench
mathbench
is a suite of unit tests and benchmarks comparing the output and
performance of a number of different Rust linear algebra libraries for common
game and graphics development tasks.
mathbench
is written by the author of glam
and has been used to
compare the performance of glam
with other similar 3D math libraries targeting
games and graphics development, including:
The benchmarks
All benchmarks are performed using Criterion.rs. Benchmarks are logically into the following categories:
- return self - attempts to measure overhead of benchmarking each type.
- single operations - measure the performance of single common operations on types, e.g. a matrix inverse, vector normalization or multiplying two matrices.
- throughput operations - measure the performance of common operations on batches of data. These measure operations that would commonly be processing batches of input, for example transforming a number of vectors with the same matrix.
- workload operations - these attempt to recreate common workloads found in game development to try and demonstrate performance on real world tasks.
Despite best attempts, take the results of micro benchmarks with a pinch of salt.
Operation benchmarks
matrix benches
- performs common matrix operations such as transpose, inverse, determinant and multiply.rotation 3d benches
- perform common 3D rotation operations.transform 2d & 3d benches
- bench special purpose 2D and 3D transform types. These can be compared to 3x3 and 4x4 matrix benches to some extent.transformations benches
- performs affine transformations on vectors - uses the best available type for the job, either matrix or transform types depending on the library.vector benches
- perform common vector operations.
Workload benchmarks
euler bench
- performs an Euler integration on arrays of 2D and 3D vectors
The benchmarks are currently focused on f32
types as that is all glam
currently supports.
Crate differences
Different libraries have different features and different ways of achieving the
same goal. For the purpose of trying to get a performance comparison sometimes
mathbench
compares similar functionality, but sometimes it's not exactly the
same. Below is a list of differences between libraries that are notable for
performance comparisons.
Matrices versus transforms
The euclid
library does not support generic square matrix types like the other
libraries tested. Rather it has 2D and 3D transform types which can transform 2D
and 3D vector and point types. Each library has different types for supporting
transforms but euclid
is unique amongst the libraries tested in that is
doesn't have generic square matrix types.
The Transform2D
is stored as a 3x2 row major matrix that can be used to
transform 2D vectors and points.
Similarly Transform3D
is used for transforming 3D vectors and points. This
is represented as a 4x4 matrix so it is more directly comparable to the other
libraries however it doesn't support some operations like transpose.
There is no equivalent to a 2x2 matrix type in euclid
.
Matrix inverse
Note that cgmath
and nalgebra
matrix inverse methods return an Option
whereas glam
and euclid
do not. If a non-invertible matrix is inverted by
glam
or euclid
the result will be invalid (it will contain NaNs).
Quaternions versus rotors
Most libraries provide quaternions for performing rotations except for
ultraviolet
which provides rotors.
Wide benchmarks
All benchmarks are gated as either "wide" or "scalar". This division allows us to more fairly compare these different styles of libraries.
"scalar" benchmarks operate on standard scalar f32
values, doing calculations
on one piece of data at a time (or in the case of a "horizontal" SIMD library
like glam
, one Vec3
/Vec4
at a time).
"wide" benchmarks operate in a "vertical" AoSoA (Array-of-Struct-of-Arrays) fashion, which is a programming model that allows the potential to more fully use the advantages of SIMD operations. However, it has the cost of making algorithm design harder, as scalar algorithms cannot be directly used by "wide" architectures. Because of this difference in algorithms, we also can't really directly compare the performance of "scalar" vs "wide" types because they don't quite do the same thing (wide types operate on multiple pieces of data at the same time).
The "wide" benchmarks still include glam
, a scalar-only library, as a
comparison. Even though the comparison is somewhat apples-to-oranges, in each of
these cases, when running "wide" benchmark variants, glam
is configured to do
the exact same amount of final work, producing the same outputs that the
"wide" versions would. The purpose is to give an idea of the possible throughput
benefits of "wide" types compared to writing the same algorithms with a scalar
type, at the cost of extra care being needed to write the algorithm.
To learn more about AoSoA architecture, see this blog
post by the
author of nalgebra
which goes more in depth to how AoSoA works and its
possible benefits. Also take a look at the "Examples"
section of ultraviolet
's
README, which contains a discussion of how to port scalar algorithms to wide
ones, with the examples of the Euler integration and ray-sphere intersection
benchmarks from mathbench
.
Note that the nalgebra_f32x4
and nalgebra_f32x8
benchmarks require a Rust
Additionally the f32x8
benchmarks will require the AVX2
instruction set, to
enable that you will need to build with RUSTFLAGS='-C target-feature=+avx2
.
Build settings
The default profile.bench
settings are used, these are documented in the
cargo reference.
Some math libraries are optimized to use specific instruction sets and may
benefit building with settings different to the defaults. Typically a game team
will need to decided on a minimum specification that they will target. Deciding
on a minimum specifiction dictates the potential audience size for a project.
This is an important decision for any game and it will be different for every
project. mathbench
doesn't want to make assumptions about what build settings
any particular project may want to use which is why default settings are used.
I would encourage users who to use build settigs different to the defaults to run the benchmarks themselves and consider publishing their results.
Benchmark results
The following is a table of benchmarks produced by mathbench
comparing glam
performance to cgmath
, nalgebra
, euclid
, vek
, pathfinder_geometry
,
static-math
and ultraviolet
on f32
data.
These benchmarks were performed on an Intel i7-4710HQ CPU on Linux. They were
compiled with the 1.56.1 (59eed8a2a 2021-11-01)
Rust compiler. Lower
(better) numbers are highlighted within a 2.5% range of the minimum for each
row.
The versions of the libraries tested were:
cgmath
-0.18.0
euclid
-0.22.6
glam
-0.20.1
nalgebra
-0.29.0
pathfinder_geometry
-0.5.1
static-math
-0.2.3
ultraviolet
-0.8.1
vek
-0.15.3
(repr_c
types)
See the full mathbench report for more detailed results.
Scalar benchmarks
Run with the command:
cargo bench --features scalar scalar
benchmark | glam | cgmath | nalgebra | euclid | vek | pathfinder | static-math | ultraviolet |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
euler 2d x10000 | 16.23 us | 16.13 us | 9.954 us | 16.18 us | 16.2 us | 10.42 us | 9.97 us | 16.17 us |
euler 3d x10000 | 15.95 us | 32.11 us | 32.13 us | 32.13 us | 32.13 us | 16.27 us | 32.16 us | 32.11 us |
matrix2 determinant | 2.0386 ns | 2.0999 ns | 2.1018 ns | N/A | 2.0997 ns | 2.0987 ns | 2.0962 ns | 2.1080 ns |
matrix2 inverse | 2.8226 ns | 8.4418 ns | 7.6303 ns | N/A | N/A | 3.3459 ns | 9.4636 ns | 5.8796 ns |
matrix2 mul matrix2 | 2.6036 ns | 5.0007 ns | 4.8172 ns | N/A | 9.3814 ns | 2.5516 ns | 4.7274 ns | 4.9428 ns |
matrix2 mul vector2 x1 | 2.4904 ns | 2.6144 ns | 2.8714 ns | N/A | 4.2139 ns | 2.0839 ns | 2.8873 ns | 2.6250 ns |
matrix2 mul vector2 x100 | 227.5271 ns | 243.3579 ns | 265.1698 ns | N/A | 400.6940 ns | 219.7127 ns | 267.8780 ns | 243.9880 ns |
matrix2 return self | 2.4235 ns | 2.8841 ns | 2.8756 ns | N/A | 2.8754 ns | 2.4147 ns | 2.8717 ns | 2.8697 ns |
matrix2 transpose | 2.2887 ns | 3.0645 ns | 7.9154 ns | N/A | 2.9635 ns | N/A | 3.0637 ns | 3.0652 ns |
matrix3 determinant | 3.9129 ns | 3.8107 ns | 3.8191 ns | N/A | 3.8180 ns | N/A | 3.8151 ns | 8.9368 ns |
matrix3 inverse | 17.5373 ns | 18.6931 ns | 12.3183 ns | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12.8195 ns | 21.9098 ns |
matrix3 mul matrix3 | 9.9578 ns | 13.3648 ns | 7.8154 ns | N/A | 35.5802 ns | N/A | 6.4938 ns | 10.0527 ns |
matrix3 mul vector3 x1 | 4.8090 ns | 4.9339 ns | 4.5046 ns | N/A | 12.5518 ns | N/A | 4.8002 ns | 4.8118 ns |
matrix3 mul vector3 x100 | 0.4836 us | 0.4808 us | 0.4755 us | N/A | 1.247 us | N/A | 0.4816 us | 0.4755 us |
matrix3 return self | 5.4421 ns | 5.4469 ns | 5.4526 ns | N/A | 5.4656 ns | N/A | 5.4718 ns | 5.4043 ns |
matrix3 transpose | 9.9567 ns | 10.0794 ns | 10.9704 ns | N/A | 9.9257 ns | N/A | 10.7350 ns | 10.5334 ns |
matrix4 determinant | 6.2050 ns | 11.1041 ns | 69.2549 ns | 17.1809 ns | 18.5233 ns | N/A | 16.5331 ns | 8.2704 ns |
matrix4 inverse | 16.4386 ns | 47.0674 ns | 71.8174 ns | 64.1356 ns | 284.3703 ns | N/A | 52.6993 ns | 41.1780 ns |
matrix4 mul matrix4 | 7.7715 ns | 26.7308 ns | 8.6500 ns | 10.4414 ns | 86.1501 ns | N/A | 21.7985 ns | 26.8056 ns |
matrix4 mul vector4 x1 | 3.0303 ns | 7.7400 ns | 3.4091 ns | N/A | 21.0968 ns | N/A | 6.2971 ns | 6.2537 ns |
matrix4 mul vector4 x100 | 0.6136 us | 0.9676 us | 0.627 us | N/A | 2.167 us | N/A | 0.7893 us | 0.8013 us |
matrix4 return self | 7.1741 ns | 6.8838 ns | 7.5030 ns | N/A | 7.0410 ns | N/A | 6.7768 ns | 6.9508 ns |
matrix4 transpose | 6.6826 ns | 12.4966 ns | 15.3265 ns | N/A | 12.6386 ns | N/A | 15.2657 ns | 12.3396 ns |
ray-sphere intersection x10000 | 56.2 us | 55.7 us | 15.32 us | 55.45 us | 56.02 us | N/A | N/A | 50.94 us |
rotation3 inverse | 2.3113 ns | 3.1752 ns | 3.3292 ns | 3.3311 ns | 3.1808 ns | N/A | 8.7109 ns | 3.6535 ns |
rotation3 mul rotation3 | 3.6584 ns | 7.5255 ns | 7.4808 ns | 8.1393 ns | 14.1636 ns | N/A | 6.8044 ns | 7.6386 ns |
rotation3 mul vector3 x1 | 6.4950 ns | 7.6808 ns | 7.5784 ns | 7.5746 ns | 18.2547 ns | N/A | 7.2727 ns | 8.9732 ns |
rotation3 mul vector3 x100 | 0.6465 us | 0.7844 us | 0.7573 us | 0.7533 us | 1.769 us | N/A | 0.7317 us | 0.9416 us |
rotation3 return self | 2.4928 ns | 2.8740 ns | 2.8687 ns | N/A | 2.8724 ns | N/A | 4.7868 ns | 2.8722 ns |
transform point2 x1 | 2.7854 ns | 2.8878 ns | 4.4207 ns | 2.8667 ns | 11.9427 ns | 2.3601 ns | N/A | 4.1770 ns |
transform point2 x100 | 0.3316 us | 0.3574 us | 0.4445 us | 0.3008 us | 1.212 us | 0.3184 us | N/A | 0.4332 us |
transform point3 x1 | 2.9619 ns | 10.6812 ns | 6.1037 ns | 7.7051 ns | 13.2607 ns | 3.0934 ns | N/A | 6.8419 ns |
transform point3 x100 | 0.6095 us | 1.27 us | 0.8064 us | 0.7674 us | 1.446 us | 0.6189 us | N/A | 0.8899 us |
transform vector2 x1 | 2.4944 ns | N/A | 3.7174 ns | 2.6273 ns | 11.9424 ns | N/A | N/A | 3.0458 ns |
transform vector2 x100 | 0.3125 us | N/A | 0.3871 us | 0.2817 us | 1.213 us | N/A | N/A | 0.3649 us |
transform vector3 x1 | 2.8091 ns | 7.7343 ns | 5.5064 ns | 4.4810 ns | 15.4097 ns | N/A | N/A | 4.8819 ns |
transform vector3 x100 | 0.6035 us | 0.9439 us | 0.7573 us | 0.6327 us | 1.63 us | N/A | N/A | 0.6703 us |
transform2 inverse | 9.0256 ns | N/A | 12.2614 ns | 9.4803 ns | N/A | 8.9047 ns | N/A | N/A |
transform2 mul transform2 | 4.5111 ns | N/A | 8.1434 ns | 5.8677 ns | N/A | 3.8513 ns | N/A | N/A |
transform2 return self | 4.1707 ns | N/A | 5.4356 ns | 4.2775 ns | N/A | 4.1117 ns | N/A | N/A |
transform3 inverse | 10.9869 ns | N/A | 71.4437 ns | 56.0136 ns | N/A | 23.0392 ns | N/A | N/A |
transform3 mul transform3d | 6.5903 ns | N/A | 8.5673 ns | 10.1802 ns | N/A | 7.6587 ns | N/A | N/A |
transform3 return self | 7.1828 ns | N/A | 7.2619 ns | 7.2407 ns | N/A | 7.3214 ns | N/A | N/A |
vector3 cross | 2.4257 ns | 3.6842 ns | 3.7945 ns | 3.6821 ns | 3.8323 ns | N/A | 3.8622 ns | 3.6927 ns |
vector3 dot | 2.1055 ns | 2.3179 ns | 2.3174 ns | 2.3190 ns | 2.3195 ns | N/A | 2.3204 ns | 2.3160 ns |
vector3 length | 2.5020 ns | 2.5002 ns | 2.5986 ns | 2.5013 ns | 2.5021 ns | N/A | 2.5036 ns | 2.5017 ns |
vector3 normalize | 4.0454 ns | 5.8411 ns | 8.4069 ns | 8.0679 ns | 8.8137 ns | N/A | N/A | 5.8440 ns |
vector3 return self | 2.4087 ns | 3.1021 ns | 3.1061 ns | N/A | 3.1052 ns | N/A | 3.1136 ns | 3.1071 ns |
Wide benchmarks
These benchmarks were performed on an Intel i7-4710HQ CPU on Linux. They were
compiled with the 1.59.0-nightly (207c80f10 2021-11-30)
Rust compiler. Lower
(better) numbers are highlighted within a 2.5% range of the minimum for each
row.
The versions of the libraries tested were:
glam
-0.20.1
nalgebra
-0.29.0
ultraviolet
-0.8.1
Run with the command:
RUSTFLAGS='-C target-feature=+avx2' cargo +nightly bench --features wide wide
benchmark | glam_f32x1 | ultraviolet_f32x4 | nalgebra_f32x4 | ultraviolet_f32x8 | nalgebra_f32x8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
euler 2d x80000 | 142.7 us | 63.47 us | 63.94 us | 69.27 us | 69.25 us |
euler 3d x80000 | 141.2 us | 97.18 us | 95.78 us | 103.7 us | 105.7 us |
matrix2 determinant x16 | 18.6849 ns | 11.4259 ns | N/A | 9.9982 ns | N/A |
matrix2 inverse x16 | 39.1219 ns | 29.8933 ns | N/A | 22.8757 ns | N/A |
matrix2 mul matrix2 x16 | 42.7342 ns | 36.4879 ns | N/A | 33.4814 ns | N/A |
matrix2 mul matrix2 x256 | 959.1663 ns | 935.4148 ns | N/A | 862.0910 ns | N/A |
matrix2 mul vector2 x16 | 41.2464 ns | 18.2382 ns | N/A | 17.2550 ns | N/A |
matrix2 mul vector2 x256 | 698.1177 ns | 544.5315 ns | N/A | 540.9743 ns | N/A |
matrix2 return self x16 | 32.7553 ns | 29.5064 ns | N/A | 21.4492 ns | N/A |
matrix2 transpose x16 | 32.3247 ns | 46.4836 ns | N/A | 20.0852 ns | N/A |
matrix3 determinant x16 | 53.2366 ns | 25.0158 ns | N/A | 22.1503 ns | N/A |
matrix3 inverse x16 | 275.9330 ns | 78.3532 ns | N/A | 69.2627 ns | N/A |
matrix3 mul matrix3 x16 | 239.6124 ns | 115.2934 ns | N/A | 116.6237 ns | N/A |
matrix3 mul matrix3 x256 | 3.26 us | 1.959 us | N/A | 1.963 us | N/A |
matrix3 mul vector3 x16 | 78.4972 ns | 40.4734 ns | N/A | 47.0164 ns | N/A |
matrix3 mul vector3 x256 | 1.293 us | 1.0 us | N/A | 1.007 us | N/A |
matrix3 return self x16 | 112.4312 ns | 78.4870 ns | N/A | 67.3272 ns | N/A |
matrix3 transpose x16 | 116.9654 ns | 100.1097 ns | N/A | 67.4544 ns | N/A |
matrix4 determinant x16 | 98.8388 ns | 56.1177 ns | N/A | 55.7623 ns | N/A |
matrix4 inverse x16 | 276.2637 ns | 191.7471 ns | N/A | 163.8408 ns | N/A |
matrix4 mul matrix4 x16 | 230.9916 ns | 222.3948 ns | N/A | 221.8563 ns | N/A |
matrix4 mul matrix4 x256 | 3.793 us | 3.545 us | N/A | 3.67 us | N/A |
matrix4 mul vector4 x16 | 92.9485 ns | 87.7341 ns | N/A | 90.4404 ns | N/A |
matrix4 mul vector4 x256 | 1.58 us | 1.542 us | N/A | 1.596 us | N/A |
matrix4 return self x16 | 175.6153 ns | 158.7861 ns | N/A | 167.6639 ns | N/A |
matrix4 transpose x16 | 184.0498 ns | 193.5497 ns | N/A | 147.1365 ns | N/A |
ray-sphere intersection x80000 | 567.9 us | 154.8 us | N/A | 61.49 us | N/A |
rotation3 inverse x16 | 32.7517 ns | 32.8107 ns | N/A | 22.3662 ns | N/A |
rotation3 mul rotation3 x16 | 58.9408 ns | 38.6848 ns | N/A | 34.3223 ns | N/A |
rotation3 mul vector3 x16 | 130.6707 ns | 36.7861 ns | N/A | 26.1154 ns | N/A |
rotation3 return self x16 | 32.4345 ns | 32.5213 ns | N/A | 21.8325 ns | N/A |
transform point2 x16 | 52.6534 ns | 31.4527 ns | N/A | 32.7317 ns | N/A |
transform point2 x256 | 888.5654 ns | 831.9341 ns | N/A | 848.0397 ns | N/A |
transform point3 x16 | 96.9017 ns | 81.6828 ns | N/A | 82.8904 ns | N/A |
transform point3 x256 | 1.567 us | 1.398 us | N/A | 1.43 us | N/A |
transform vector2 x16 | 43.7679 ns | 29.9349 ns | N/A | 31.8630 ns | N/A |
transform vector2 x256 | 858.5660 ns | 825.0261 ns | N/A | 851.7501 ns | N/A |
transform vector3 x16 | 96.5535 ns | 80.1612 ns | N/A | 85.0659 ns | N/A |
transform vector3 x256 | 1.557 us | 1.394 us | N/A | 1.438 us | N/A |
vector3 cross x16 | 42.1941 ns | 26.6677 ns | N/A | 22.0924 ns | N/A |
vector3 dot x16 | 29.1805 ns | 12.7972 ns | N/A | 12.2872 ns | N/A |
vector3 length x16 | 32.6014 ns | 9.7692 ns | N/A | 9.4271 ns | N/A |
vector3 normalize x16 | 65.8815 ns | 24.1661 ns | N/A | 20.3579 ns | N/A |
vector3 return self x16 | 32.0051 ns | 42.9462 ns | N/A | 16.7808 ns | N/A |
Running the benchmarks
The benchmarks use the criterion crate which works on stable Rust, they can be run with:
cargo bench
For the best results close other applications on the machine you are using to benchmark!
When running "wide" benchmarks, be sure you compile with with the appropriate
target-feature
s enabled, e.g. +avx2
, for best results.
There is a script in scripts/summary.py
to summarize the results in a nice
fashion. It requires Python 3 and the prettytable
Python module, then can
be run to generate an ASCII output.
Default and optional features
All libraries except for glam
are optional for running benchmarks. The default
features include cgmath
, ultraviolet
and nalgebra
. These can be disabled
with:
cargo bench --no-default-features
To selectively enable a specific default feature again use:
cargo bench --no-default-features --features nalgebra
Note that you can filter which benchmarks to run at runtime by using Criterion's filtering feature. For example, to only run scalar benchmarks and not wide ones, use:
cargo bench "scalar"
You can also get more granular. For example to only run wide matrix2 benchmarks, use:
cargo bench --features wide "wide matrix2"
or to only run the scalar "vec3 length" benchmark for glam
, use:
cargo bench "scalar vec3 length/glam"
Crate features
There are a few extra features in addition to the direct features referring to each benchmarked library.
ultraviolet_f32x4
,ultraviolet_f32x8
,nalgebra_f32x4
,nalgebra_f32x8
- these each enable benchmarking specific wide types from each ofultraviolet
ornalgebra
.ultraviolet_wide
,nalgebra_wide
- these enable benchmarking all wide types fromultraviolet
ornalgebra
respectively.wide
- enables all "wide" type benchmarksall
- enables all supported libraries, including wide and scalar ones.unstable
- see next section
unstable
feature
The unstable
feature requires a nightly compiler, and it allows us to tell
rustc not to inline certain functions within hot benchmark loops. This is used
in the ray-sphere intersection benchmark in order to simulate situations where
the autovectorizer would not be able to properly vectorize your code.
Running the tests
The tests can be run using:
cargo test
Publishing results
When publishing benchmark results it is important to document the details of how the benchmarks were run, including:
- The version of
mathbench
used - The versions of all libraries benched
- The Rust version
- The build settings used, especially when they differ from the defaults
- The specification of the hardware that was used
- The output of
scripts/summary.py
- The full Criterion output from
target/criterion
Adding a new library
There are different steps involved for adding a unit tests and benchmarks for a new library.
Benchmarks require an implementation of the mathbench::RandomVec
trait for the
types you want to benchmark. If the type implements the rand
crate
distribution::Distribution
trait for Standard
then you can simply use the
impl_random_vec!
macro in src/lib.rs
. Otherwise you can provide a function
that generates a new random value of your type pass that to impl_random_vec!
.
To add the new libary type to a benchmark, add another bench_function
call to
the Criterion
BenchmarkGroup
.
Increment the patch version number of mathbench
in the Cargo.toml
.
Update CHANGELOG.md
.
Build times
mathbench
also includes a tool for comparing full build times in
tools/buildbench
. Incremental build times are not measured as it would be non
trivial to create a meaningful test across different math crates.
The buildbench
tool uses the -Z timings
feature of the nightly build of
cargo
, thus you need a nightly build to run it.
buildbench
generates a Cargo.toml
and empty src/lib.rs
in a temporary
directory for each library, recording some build time information which is
included in the summary table below. The temporary directory is created every
time the tool is run so this is a full build from a clean state.
Each library is only built once so you may wish to run buildbench
multiple
times to ensure results are consistent.
By default crates are built using the release
profile with default features
enabled. There are options for building the dev
profile or without default
features, see buildbench --help
for more information.
The columns outputted include the total build time, the self build time which is the time it took to build the crate on it's own excluding dependencies, and the number of units which is the number of dependencies (this will be 2 at minimum).
When comparing build times keep in mind that each library has different feature sets and that naturally larger libraries will take longer to build. For many crates tested the dependencies take longer than the math crate. Also keep in mind if you are already building one of the dependencies in your project you won't pay the build cost twice (unless it's a different version).
crate | version | total (s) | self (s) | units |
---|---|---|---|---|
cgmath | 0.17.0 | 6.8 | 3.0 | 17 |
euclid | 0.22.1 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 4 |
glam | 0.9.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 2 |
nalgebra | 0.22.0 | 24.2 | 18.0 | 24 |
pathfinder_geometry | 0.5.1 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 8 |
static-math | 0.1.6 | 6.9 | 1.7 | 10 |
ultraviolet | 0.5.1 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 4 |
vek | 0.12.0 | 34.4 | 10.1 | 16 |
These benchmarks were performed on an Intel i7-4710HQ CPU with 16GB RAM and a Toshiba MQ01ABD100 HDD (SATA 3Gbps 5400RPM) on Linux.
License
Licensed under either of
- Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
- MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
at your option.
Contribution
Contributions in any form (issues, pull requests, etc.) to this project must adhere to Rust's Code of Conduct.
Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.
Support
If you are interested in contributing or have a request or suggestion create an issue on github.