Awesome
New York, New York.
(ridiculously) small and powerful micro web framework.
Install the gem:
gem install nyny
Create the myapp.rb
file:
# myapp.rb
require 'nyny'
class App < NYNY::App
get '/' do
'Hello world!'
end
end
App.run!
Run the file:
ruby myapp.rb
Open the browser at http://localhost:9292
Philosophy
NYNY is unassuming, it has all the core stuff to get running, but nothing else. Your app is the framework. However, it's trivial to extend NYNY via its extension interface.
Why use NYNY
- It's very small (~300 LOC), which is just a little overhead on top of Rack.
- You want to dig into the source code and change to your needs (NYNY's source code is more welcoming)
- Each NYNY app is a Rack middleware, so it can be used inside of Sinatra, Rails, or any other Rack-based app.
- It uses Journey for routing (Rails' router), which makes its routing logic a lot more powerful and reliable that in most micro web frameworks.
Usage
A NYNY app must always be in a class which inherits from NYNY::App
:
class App < NYNY::App
get '/' do
'Hello, World'
end
end
Environment
To get the directory in which your app is running use NYNY.root
#/some/folder/server.rb
require 'nyny'
puts NYNY.root #=> /some/folder/
puts NYNY.root.join("foo") #=> /some/folder/foo
To get NYNY's environment, use NYNY.env
#env.rb
require 'nyny'
puts NYNY.env
puts NYNY.env.production?
$ ruby env.rb
development
false
$ ruby env.rb RACK_ENV=production
production
true
Configuration
You can configure your app by attaching arbitrary properties to config object:
class App < NYNY::App
config.foo = 'bar'
end
App.config.foo #=> 'bar'
Or, you can use the configure block:
class App < NYNY::App
configure do
config.always = true
end
configure :production do
config.prod = true
end
configure :test, :development do
config.unsafe = true
end
end
Also, NYNY provides a simple api for hooking into the app's initialization:
class App < NYNY::App
before_initialize do |app|
#this will be executed just before the Rack app is compiled
#'app' is the a App instance
end
after_initialize do |app, rack_app|
#this will be executed after the Rack app is compiled
#'app' is the a App instance
#'rack_app' is the main block which will be called on any request
end
end
Running
There are two ways to run a NYNY app directly [?]:
- by requiring it in a
config.ru
file, and then passing it as argument to the Rack'srun
function:
# config.ru
require 'app'
run App.new
- by using the
run!
method directly on the app class:
# app.rb
# ...app class definition...
App.run!
run!
takes the port number as optional argument (the default port is 9292).
Also the run!
method will include 2 default middlewares to make the
development easier: Rack::CommonLogger and BetterErrors::Middleware (only in dev).
This will show all requests in the log, and will provide useful details
in the case a error occurs during a request.
Defining routes
NYNY uses Journey for routing, that means that NYNY has all the awesomeness the Rails' router has. NYNY supports the following verbs for defining a route: delete, get, head, options, patch, post, put and trace.
class App < NYNY::App
post '/' do
'You Posted, dude!'
end
end
You can use any construct or convention supported in Rails for the path string.
Each route definition call optionally accepts constraints:
class App < NYNY::App
get '/', :constraints => {:content_type => 'text/html'} do
'html'
end
end
What are constraints? Constraints are assertions on the request object.
That means that the route from above will match only if
request.content_type
is 'text/html'.
To group multiple routes for a single constraint, use the constraints block:
class App < NYNY::App
constraints :content_type => 'text/html' do
get '/' do
'html'
end
get '/foo' do
'foo html'
end
end
end
Besides the constraints, you can specify defaults:
class App < NYNY::App
get '/', :defaults => {:format => 'html'} do
'html'
end
end
Each block that is passed to a route definition is evaluated in the context of a request scope. See below what methods are available there.
Request scope
As was said above, when you pass a block to a route definition, that block is evaluated in the context of a RequestScope. This means that several methods/objects available inside that block:
request
- ARack::Request
object which encapsulates the request to that route. (see Rack::Request documentation for more info)response
- ARack::Response
object which encapsulates the response.params
- a hash which contains both POST body params and GET querystring params.headers
- a hash with the response headers (ex:headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/html'
)status
- allows you to set the status of the response (ex:status 403
)redirect_to
- sets the response to redirect (ex:redirect_to 'http://google.com'
)cookies
- a hash which allows you to access/modify/remove cookies (ex:cookies[:foo] = 'bar'
orcookies.delete[:foo]
)session
- a hash which allows you to access/modify/remove session variables (ex:session[:foo] = 'bar'
)halt
- allows you to instantly return a response, interrupting current handler execution (see halt)
Maps
NYNY uses a Rack::Builder underneath to generate a proper Rack app when it is
being run. Because of that, NYNY exposes the Builder's map
method to allow
fine grained low-level url mapping. The most common use case for that is to
integrate sprockets into a NYNY app:
require 'sprockets'
require 'nyny'
class AppWithAssets < NYNY::App
map '/assets' do
environment = Sprockets::Environment.new
environment.append_path 'app/assets/javascripts'
environment.append_path 'app/assets/stylesheets'
run environment
end
get '/' do
'hello'
end
end
Please note that none of the NYNY's routing helpers are being exposed in a
map block, the block gets executed in the context of a Rack::Builder
(stuff you're used to see in a config.ru file)
Namespaces
You can define namespaces for routes in NYNY. Each namespace is an isolated app, which means that you can use the same api that you use in your top app there:
class Ping < NYNY::App
get '/' do #this will be accessbile at '/ping'
'pong'
end
end
class App < NYNY::App
get '/' do
'Hello'
end
# You can pass a Rack app to the namespace
namespace '/ping', Ping
# Or you can pass a block, which will create the app for you
namespace '/nested' do
use SomeMiddleware
helpers SomeHelpers
get '/' do # this will be accessible at '/nested'
'Hello from namespace!'
end
end
end
Templates
NYNY can render templates, all you need is to call the render
function:
class App < NYNY::App
get '/' do
render 'index.erb'
end
end
There are 2 ways to pass data to the template:
Via a instance variable:
class App < NYNY::App
get '/' do
@foo = 'bar' #access it as @foo in template
render 'index.erb'
end
end
Or via a local variable:
class App < NYNY::App
get '/' do
render 'index.erb', :foo => 'bar' #access it as foo in template
end
end
To render a template with a layout, you need to render both files. It's best to create a helper for that:
class App < NYNY::App
helpers do
def template *args
render 'layout.erb' do
render *args
end
end
end
get '/' do
template 'index.erb'
end
end
NYNY uses Tilt for templating, so the list of supported engines is pretty complete.
Filters
Unlike Sinatra, NYNY supports only "generic" before and after filters. This means that you can't declare a filter to execute depending on a URL pattern. However, you can obtain the same effect by calling next in a before block if the request.path matches a pattern.
class App < NYNY::App
before do
next unless /html/ =~ request.path
headers['Content-Type'] = 'text/html'
end
after do
puts response.inspect
end
get '/' do
'hello'
end
end
Middleware
A NYNY app is a Rack middleware, which means that it can be used inside Sinatra, Rails, or any other Rack-based app:
class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
use MyNYNYApp
end
NYNY also supports middleware itself, and that means you can use Rack middleware (or a Sinatra app) inside a NYNY app:
class App < NYNY::App
# this will serve all the files in the "public" folder
use Rack::Static, :url => ['public']
use SinatraApp
end
I recommend looking at the list of Rack middlewares
Helpers
NYNY supports helpers as Sinatra does:
class App < NYNY::App
helpers MyHelperModule
helpers do
def using_a_block_to_define_helper
true
end
end
end
Using a helper implies that the helper module is included in the RequestScope, and that all the methods in that module will be available inside a route definition block.
Extensions
Since version 2.0.0, NYNY added support for extensions. This makes possible to include helpers, middlewares and custom app class methods inside a single module:
module MyKewlExtension
class Middleware
def initialize app
@app = app
end
def call env
env['KEWL'] = true
@app.call(env) if @app
end
end
module Helpers
def the_ultimate_answer
42
end
end
def get_or_post route, &block
get route, &block
post route, &block
end
def self.registered app
app.use Middleware
app.helpers Helpers
app.get_or_post '/' do
"After many years of hard computation, the answer is #{the_ultimate_answer}"
end
end
end
class App < NYNY::App
register MyKewlExtension
end
App.run!
By default, the App class will extend
the provided extension module.
Optionally, an extension can add a registered
method, which will be invoked
once the extension is registered. That method will be called with the app class
as a parameter.
F. A. Q.
TBD.
Contributing
- Fork it
- Create your feature branch (
git checkout -b my-new-feature
) - Commit your changes (
git commit -am 'Add some feature'
) - Push to the branch (
git push origin my-new-feature
) - Create new Pull Request