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🍭🚀💗 Animation Tutorials

Tutorials about animations in Android such as ObjectAnimators, ValueAnimators, translations, gradient animations, AnimationDrawables, AnimatedVectorDrawables with states, physics animations, fragment transitions, image to ViewPager transitions and more.

Overview

• Tutorial1-1Basics <br>Tutorials about animators, animation basics and using coroutine based SurfaceView to create a counter up down motion

• Tutorial2-1Animated Vector Drawables <br>Tutorials about Vector drawables, AnimatedVectorDrawables, and animation transitions for Animated Drawables

• Tutorial3-1Shared Transitions Tutorials about Shared Transitions from Activity to Activity, and from Fragment to Fragment

Physics Based Animations

Physics-based motion is driven by force. Spring force is one such force that guides interactivity and motion. A spring force has the following properties: damping and stiffness. In a spring-based animation, the value and the velocity are calculated based on the spring force that are applied on each frame.

If you'd like your app's animations to slow down in only one direction, consider using a friction-based fling animation instead.

Build a spring animation

The general steps for building a spring animation for your application are as follows:

• Add the support library You must add the support library to your project to use the spring animation classes.
• Create a spring animation: The primary step is to create an instance of the SpringAnimation class and set the motion behavior parameters.
• (Optional) Register listeners: Register listeners to watch for animation lifecycle changes and animation value updates.

Note: Update listener should be registered only if you need per-frame update on the animation value changes. An update listener prevents the animation from potentially running on a separate thread.

• (Optional) Remove listeners: Remove listeners that are no longer in use.
• (Optional) Set a start value: Customize the animation start value.
• (Optional) Set a value range: Set the animation value range to restrain values within the minimum and the maximum range.
• (Optional) Set start velocity: Set the start velocity for the animation.
• (Optional) Set spring properties: Set the damping ratio and the stiffness on the spring.
• (Optional) Create a custom spring: Create a custom spring in case you do not intend to use the default spring or want to use a common spring throughout the animation.
• Start animation: Start the spring animation.
• (Optional) Cancel animation: Cancel the animation in case the user abruptly exits the app or the view becomes invisble.

Drawable Animations

XML for the VectorDrawable containing properties to be animated

A VectorDrawable can be represented in xml with

<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      android:height="64dp"
      android:width="64dp"
      android:viewportHeight="600"
      android:viewportWidth="600" >
      <group
          android:name="rotationGroup"
          android:pivotX="300.0"
          android:pivotY="300.0"
          android:rotation="45.0" >
          <path
              android:name="v"
              android:fillColor="#000000"
              android:pathData="M300,70 l 0,-70 70,70 0,0 -70,70z" />
      </group>
  </vector>

where width and height are the actual dimensions of while viewportWidth, and viewportHeight are used for drawing coordinates.

M(x,y) Begin a new subpath by moving to (x,y).

L(x,y) Draw a line to (x,y).

C (x1,y1 x2,y2 x,y) Draw a cubic bezier curve to (x,y) using control points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2).

Z Close the path by drawing a line back to the beginning of the current subpath

group tag is used for grouping sections of drawable to be able to be animated together. And some animations such as rotation, and translation can only be applied to groups.

Animations can be performed on the animatable attributes in android.graphics.drawable.VectorDrawable. These attributes will be animated by android.animation.ObjectAnimator. The ObjectAnimator's target can be the root element, a group element or a path element. The targeted elements need to be named uniquely within the same VectorDrawable. Elements without animation do not need to be named.

For more details you can check out here

XML for AnimatedVectorDrawable

An AnimatedVectorDrawable element has a VectorDrawable attribute, and one or more target element(s). The target element can specify its target by android:name attribute, and link the target with the proper ObjectAnimator or AnimatorSet by android:animation attribute.

🔥😍 ShapeShifter by Alex Lockwood makes it so easy to create animations for Vector Drawables. Wonderful and very easy to use tool to create Animated Vector Drawables.

XML for Animations defined using ObjectAnimator or AnimatorSet

<set xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
      <objectAnimator
          android:duration="3000"
          android:propertyName="pathData"
          android:valueFrom="M300,70 l 0,-70 70,70 0,0 -70,70z"
          android:valueTo="M300,70 l 0,-70 70,0  0,140 -70,0 z"
          android:valueType="pathType"/>
</set>

Define an AnimatedVectorDrawable all in one XML file

Since the AAPT tool supports a new format that bundles several related XML files together, we can merge the XML files from the previous examples into one XML file:

<animated-vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                   xmlns:aapt=&quothttp://schemas.android.com/aapt" >
      <aapt:attr name="android:drawable">
          <vector
              android:height="64dp"
              android:width="64dp"
              android:viewportHeight="600"
              android:viewportWidth="600" >
              <group
                  android:name="rotationGroup"
                  android:pivotX="300.0"
                  android:pivotY="300.0"
                  android:rotation="45.0" >
                  <path
                      android:name="v"
                      android:fillColor="#000000"
                      android:pathData="M300,70 l 0,-70 70,70 0,0 -70,70z" />
              </group>
          </vector>
      </aapt:attr>
 
      <target android:name="rotationGroup"> *
          <aapt:attr name="android:animation">
              <objectAnimator
              android:duration="6000"
              android:propertyName="rotation"
              android:valueFrom="0"
              android:valueTo="360" />
          </aapt:attr>
      </target>
 
      <target android:name="v" >
          <aapt:attr name="android:animation">
              <set>
                  <objectAnimator
                      android:duration="3000"
                      android:propertyName="pathData"
                      android:valueFrom="M300,70 l 0,-70 70,70 0,0 -70,70z"
                      android:valueTo="M300,70 l 0,-70 70,0  0,140 -70,0 z"
                      android:valueType="pathType"/>
              </set>
          </aapt:attr>
       </target>
  </animated-vector>

Shared Transitions

Transitions

To create transition between views set transition name in xml with android:transitionName

 <androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView
            // Rest of the imageView properties
            android:transitionName="ivAvatar"/>

or in Kotlin/Java with

iv.setTransitionName("SOME_TRANSITION_NAME")

these names should match for both Activities. To start transition after a click

 val intent = Intent(this, Activity1_1DetailActivity::class.java)
        intent.putExtra("imageRes", imageRes)

        // create the transition animation - the images in the layouts
        // of both activities are defined with android:transitionName="robot"
        val options = ActivityOptions
            .makeSceneTransitionAnimation(
                this,
                ivAvatar,
                ViewCompat.getTransitionName(ivAvatar)
            )
        // start the new activity
        startActivity(intent, options.toBundle())

For custom transitions create transition folder inside res folder and add

<slide xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:slideEdge="left"
    android:duration="1500">

    <targets>
        <!-- Specify the status bar ID if it needs to be excluded -->
        <target android:excludeId="@android:id/statusBarBackground"/>
        <!-- Specify the navigation bar ID if it needs to be excluded -->
        <target android:excludeId="@android:id/navigationBarBackground"/>
    </targets>

</slide>

default transition for Android system is

<transitionSet xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <!-- This is the systems default transition -->
    <changeBounds />
    <changeTransform />
    <changeClipBounds />
    <changeImageTransform />
</transitionSet>

Use <item name="android:windowContentTransitions">true</item> to enable Activity transitions Use <item name="android:windowSharedElementsUseOverlay">false</item> for shared transition items not to be drawn over NavigationBar, or Toolbar

Transition Callbacks and Lifecycles

• Note Exit-ReEnter transitions, and ReEnter-Return transitions for Activity are same transition by default.
• Exit, Enter, ReEnter and Return transitions are NULL for fragments by default
• setExitSharedElementCallback, and sharedElementExitTransition useful for changing shared transition elements that are mapped with String and View. For instance, after transition from RecyclerView to ViewPager or another RecyclerView, user changes the selected page/element and we remap the shared element for the next imageView in ViewPager's current page.

Transition change states and ordering for transitions Between Activities

ExitSharedElementCallback is triggered in first Activity, in second Activity EnterSharedElementCallback is triggered

        Activity1 ---> Activity2
        Exit    ----> Enter
        SharedElementCallback Order: Activity1 Exit -> Activity2 Enter

        I: 🌽 Activity1_1Basics: setExitSharedElementCallback() names:[transition_image_view], sharedElements: {transition_image_view=androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView{b3a80cf V.ED..... ...P.... 21,21-231,231 #7f0800c5 app:id/ivPhoto}}
        I: 🔥 Activity1_1Basics: sharedElementExitTransition onTransitionStart()

        I: 🍒 Activity1_1Details: setEnterSharedElementCallback() names:[transition_image_view], sharedElements: {transition_image_view=androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView{11b033f V.ED..... ......ID 0,0-1080,810 #7f0800c4 app:id/ivPhoto}}
        I: 🚌 Activity1_1Details: sharedElementEnterTransition onTransitionStart()

        Activity1 <-- Activity2
        ReEnter <--- Return
        SharedElementCallback Order: Activity2 Exit -> Activity1 Enter
        I: 🍒 Activity1_1Details: setEnterSharedElementCallback() names:[transition_image_view], sharedElements: {transition_image_view=androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView{11b033f V.ED..... ........ 0,0-1080,810 #7f0800c4 app:id/ivPhoto}}
        I: 🌽 Activity1_1Basics: setExitSharedElementCallback() names:[transition_image_view], sharedElements: {transition_image_view=androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatImageView{b3a80cf V.ED..... ......ID 21,21-231,231 #7f0800c5 app:id/ivPhoto}}

        I: 🚕 Activity1_1Details: sharedElementReturnTransition onTransitionStart()
        I: 🍏 Activity1_1Basics: sharedElementReenterTransition onTransitionStart()


        onMapSharedElements() does exact same thing in makeSceneTransitionAnimation
        mapping string to view or with Pair<View, String>

Fragment Shared Element Transitions

• 🔥🔥🔥 Make sure that you are importing androidx.transition, do NOT import android.transition components, mixing different import packages causes Wrong Transition Exception

• exitTransition, enterTransition, returnTransition and reEnterTransitions are null for fragments by default.

• 🔥🔥 Setting allowReturnTransitionOverlap to false lets this fragment's reenterTransition to wait previous fragment's returnTransition to finish

• add sharedElement to fragments with addSharedElement(ivPhoto, ivPhoto.transitionName) and use setReorderingAllowed(true) to optimize for shared element transition

• With Navigation Components set shared elements as

val direction: NavDirections =
    Fragment2_3MagazineListDirections.actionFragment23MagazineListToFragment23MagazineDetail(
        magazineModel
    )

val extras = FragmentNavigatorExtras(
    binding.ivMagazineCover to binding.ivMagazineCover.transitionName,
)

findNavController().navigate(direction, extras)

• 🔥🔥🔥 With transitions, it's required for start and end values to be different from each other to call createAnimator method.

• To make sure that ENTER or RETURN transitions start, either set captureStartValues and captureEndValues manually, or in destination fragment create setEnterSharedElementCallback and override onSharedElementStart and onSharedElementEnd methods and set properties of objects that are not shared transitions.

Note:

🔥🔥🔥 In tutorial 2-4 and tutorial 2-5, having same background color for both fragments causing destination fragment's ENTER TRANSITION(CircularReveal and Slide.BOTTOM), and REENTER(Explode) to NOT work. When using Transitions that extend Visiblity class such as Slide, or Fade be careful about background color. Having same background messes enterTransition for destination and returnTransition for source fragments.

To prevent this use one of the solutions below:

1- Set callback and set start and end properties for starting and ending scenes with

        setEnterSharedElementCallback(object : SharedElementCallback() {

            override fun onSharedElementStart(
                sharedElementNames: MutableList<String>?,
                sharedElements: MutableList<View>?,
                sharedElementSnapshots: MutableList<View>?
            ) {
                super.onSharedElementStart(
                    sharedElementNames,
                    sharedElements,
                    sharedElementSnapshots
                )
                viewImageBackground.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
                recyclerView.visibility = View.INVISIBLE
            }

            override fun onSharedElementEnd(
                sharedElementNames: MutableList<String>?,
                sharedElements: MutableList<View>?,
                sharedElementSnapshots: MutableList<View>?
            ) {
                super.onSharedElementEnd(sharedElementNames, sharedElements, sharedElementSnapshots)
                viewImageBackground.visibility = View.VISIBLE
                recyclerView.visibility = View.VISIBLE
            }

        })
    }

2- Use custom transitions that extend either Transition or Visibility and force value changes.

3- Use a separate view for the background, rather than on the root view because it is a shared element. Otherwise it interferes with the window enter transition i.e. as it is resized for the shared element transition, many views are considered 'off-screen' so visibility transitions are not run.

4- Set transitionGroup=false. on layout with background color. transitionGroup sets whether or not this ViewGroup should be treated as a single entity when doing an Activity transition. Typically, the elements inside a ViewGroup are each transitioned from the scene individually. The default for a ViewGroup is false unless it has a background.

• ⚠️ With EXIT or RETURN transitions captureEndValues is not called, because of this use a transition that extends Visibility for exitTransition and returnTransition to start, and be aware that Animator from onDisAppear is called while current transition is exit or return.

Summary

• For enterTransition and reEnterTransition either check for background color change and set transitionGroup to false or use transition that extends Visibility with change from INVISIBLE to VISIBLE.

⚠️ With reEnterTransition even though Explode does not work without solving background issue, most of the classes extend Transition or Visibility work fine

• For exitTransition and returnTransition make sure that visibility goes from VISIBLE to INVISIBLE

• If addTarget does not work use excludeTarget(view,false)

🤩 Note: Breaker of chains — Transition Groups

By default all views under a parent/ancestor with a background set (even transparent ones) will be automatically deemed a group. If you need to break them up like we here with a RecyclerView as the shared-root-white-backgrounded layout with transparent child Item views. You’ll need to set the layout with the background to transitionGroup=false. But on the other hand, since the Items are “background-less” themselves, to prevent an out-of-body experience you’ll need to do the opposite and set transitionGroup=true on the Item layouts for all the child views in that Item to move together.

Material Transitions

MaterialContainerTransform

The container transform pattern is designed for transitions between UI elements that include a container. This pattern creates a visible connection between two UI elements.

MaterialContainerTransform is a shared element transition. Unlike traditional Android shared elements, it is not designed around a singular piece of shared content, such as an image, to be moved between two scenes. Instead, the shared element here refers to the bounding container of a start View or ViewGroup (e.g. the entire row layout of an item in a list) transforming its size and shape into that of an end View or ViewGroup (e.g. the root ViewGroup of a full screen Fragment). These start and end container Views are the “shared element” of a container transform. While these containers are being transformed, their contents are swapped to create the transition.

Examples of the container transform:

• A card into a details page
• A list item into a details page
• A FAB into a details page
• A search bar into expanded search

MaterialSharedAxis

The shared axis pattern is used for transitions between UI elements that have a spatial or navigational relationship. This pattern uses a shared transformation on the x, y, or z axis to reinforce the relationship between elements.

MaterialElevationScale

• MaterialFadeThrough

• MaterialArcMotion

Resources and References

CodeLab Property Animation <br> Android Design Patterns <br> android/animation-samples: Multiple samples showing the best practices in animation on Android <br> Playing with Material Design Transitions ✨ | by Philippe BOISNEY | ProAndroidDev <br> Meaningful Motion: Circular Reveal & Shared Elements | by Jossi Wolf | Snapp Mobile | Medium <br> Custom Transitions in Android. Since Android API 19 Google provides a… | by Roman Bielokon | Medium <br> Propagating Transitions in Android | by Nick Cruz | ProAndroidDev <br> Shared Element Transition using fragments Android | Developers Breach <br> Fragment Transitions <br> Circular reveal animation between Fragments | by Gabor Novak | Medium <br> Reveal Transition <br> Motion-Material Design <br> Material Components Android Examples <br> Android — Inbox Material Transitions for RecyclerView <br> Plaid App

TODOs:

• Add RecyclerView, ViewPager animations
• Add custom Views with animations