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Set of tools for security testing of Internet of Things devices using protocols: AMQP, CoAP, DTLS, HTCPCP, HTTP, HTTP/2, gRPC, KNX, mDNS, MQTT, MQTT-SN, QUIC, RTSP, SSDP.
License:
Cotopaxi uses GNU General Public License, version 2: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.en.html
Disclaimer
Cotopaxi toolkit is intended to be used only for authorized security testing!
Some tools (especially vulnerability tester and protocol fuzzer) can cause some devices or servers to stop acting in the intended way -- for example leading to crash or hang of tested entities or flooding with network traffic another entities.
Make sure you have permission from the owners of tested devices or servers before running these tools!
Make sure you check with your local laws before running these tools!
Installation
To install minimal Cotopaxi version (without Machine Learning and development tools):
pip install cotopaxi
Almost complete installation (without scapy-ssl_tls required for DTLS support):
pip install cotopaxi[all]
For more detailed documentation about installation see: Installation Guide
Integration with Metasploit
If you want to use Cotopaxi tools from Metasploit see: Metasploit integration
Acknowlegments
Machine learning classificator used in the device_identification tool was trained using corpus "IMC 2019 payload dataset" provided by authors of the following paper:
Title: Information Exposure for Consumer IoT Devices: A Multidimensional, Network-Informed Measurement Approach Authors: Jingjing Ren, Daniel J. Dubois, David Choffnes, Anna Maria Mandalari, Roman Kolcun, Hamed Haddadi Venue: Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) 2019 URL: https://moniotrlab.ccis.neu.edu/imc19dataset/
We would like to thank above listed authors for sharing this corpus!
Tools in this package:
- service_ping
- server_fingerprinter
- device_identification
- traffic_analyzer
- resource_listing
- protocol_fuzzer (for fuzzing servers)
- client_proto_fuzzer (for fuzzing clients)
- vulnerability_tester (for testing servers)
- client_vuln_tester (for testing clients)
- amplifier_detector
- active_scanner
Protocols supported by different tools (left box describes working implementation in Python 2 and right one for Python 3):
| Tool | AMQP | CoAP | DTLS | HTCPCP | HTTP/2 | gRPC | KNX | mDNS | MQTT | MQTT-SN | QUIC | RTSP | SSDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| service_ping | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ |
| server_fingerprinter | ☐☐ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ |
| device_identification | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ |
| traffic_analyzer | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ | ☐☑ |
| resource_listing | ☐☐ | ☑☑ | N/A | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☑☑ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | N/A | ☑☑ | ☑☑ |
| protocol_fuzzer | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ |
| client_proto_fuzzer | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ |
| vulnerability_tester | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ |
| client_vuln_tester | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | ☑☑ |
| amplifier_detector | N/A | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ☑☑ | N/A | ☑☑ | ☑☑ | N/A | ☑☑ |
| active_scanner | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☑☑ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ | ☐☐ |
For more detailed documentation of each tool see: Tools
Supported vulnerabilites
Vulnerabilities identified by Cotopaxi team, that can be tested using Cotopaxi:
- BOTAN_000
- COAPTHON_000 (CVE-2018-12679)
- COAPTHON3_000 (CVE-2018-12679)
- CONTIKI_000 (CVE-2018-19417)
- FLUENTBIT_000 (CVE-2019-9749)
- IOTIVITY_000 (CVE-2019-9750)
- MADMAZE-HTCPCP_000
- MATRIXSSL_000
- MATRIXSSL_001 (CVE-2019-14431)
- MATRIXSSL_002
- MATRIXSSL_003
- SSDP-RESPONDER_000 (CVE-2019-14323)
- TINYDTLS_001
- TINYDTLS_002
- TINYDTLS_003
- TINYSVCMDNS_002 (CVE-2019-9747)
- WAKAAMA_000 (CVE-2019-9004)
- ZYXEL_000
Other vulnerabilities supported by Cotopaxi:
- ER_COAP_000
- ER_COAP_001
- ER_COAP_002
- TINYDTLS_000 (CVE-2017-7243)
- TINYSVCMDNS_000 (CVE-2017-12087)
- TINYSVCMDNS_001 (CVE-2017-12130)
- TP-LINK_000 (CVE-2018-18428
- TP-LINK_001
- FLIR_000
- FOSCAM_000 (CVE-2018-19077)
- FOSCAM_001 (CVE-2018-19067)
- HIKVISION_000 (CVE-2014-4878)
- HIKVISION_001 (CVE-2014-4879)
- HIKVISION_002 (CVE-2014-4880)
- UBIQUITTI_000 (CVE-2019-12727)
- GSTREAMER_000 (CVE-2019-9928)
- NETFLIX_000 (CVE-2019-10028)
- BEWARD_000
- FALCON_000
New vulnerabilities can be easily added to the database in vulnerabilities.yaml and payloads in cotopaxi/vulnerabilities/<protocol>/<payload.raw>.
Known issues / limitations
There are some known issues or limitations caused by using scapy as network library:
- testing services running on the same machine can result in issues occurred by not delivering some packets,
- multiple tools running against the same target can result in interference between them (packets may be indicated as a response to another request).
See more at: https://scapy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/troubleshooting.html#
Development
For more detailed information about development of Cotopaxi see: Development guide