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Continual Prototype Evolution (CoPE)

Continual Prototype Evolution (CoPE) establishes online adaptation of class-representative prototypes in non-stationary data streams, exploiting latent space representations in the novel PPP-loss to enhance the state-of-the-art in continual learning.

This codebase contains the original PyTorch implementation of CoPE, along with the Split-MNIST, Split-CIFAR10, Split-CIFAR100 benchmarks. The benchmarks have both a balanced and highly imbalanced variant, resembling more real-life settings. Included baselines outperformed in these settings are: CoPE-CrossEntropy, GEM, iCaRL, GSS, reservoir sampling, finetuning, online iid, offline iid.

• This work is accepted at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) 2021.
• Resources: Open-Access paper @ICCV 2021 | Supplemental Materials

Keywords: continual learning, prototypical learning, online learning, incremental learning, deep learning, representation learning, catastrophic forgetting, concept drift

Results

Main scripts main_MNIST.sh, main_CIFAR10.sh, main_CIFAR100.sh contain fully automatic pipeline (auto datapreparation), with hyperparameter configs for all of the experiments in the main paper.

The balanced setups contain:

• Split-MNIST, Split-CIFAR10, Split-CIFAR100 and
• lower capacity benchmarks Split-MNIST-mini and Split-CIFAR10-mini.

The imbalanced setups contain (averaged over 5 different choices of dominant task):

• Imbalanced Split-MNIST: 1 task 2k samples, others 0.2k (5 tasks)
• Imbalanced Split-CIFAR10: 1 task 4k samples, others 0.4k (5 tasks)
• Imbalanced Split-CIFAR100: 1 task 2k samples, others 1k (20 tasks)

Requirements

• Python 3.7
• Pytorch 1.5 (instructions)
• To install dependencies:

  • Use environment.yml to create anaconda environment:

      conda env create -f environment.yml         # Env named 'cope'
      conda activate cope
    

  • Or manually, as in:

      # Create and activate environment
      conda create -n <name> python=3.7
      conda activate <name>
    
      # Pytorch (e.g. for CUDA 10.2)
      conda install pytorch==1.5.0 torchvision==0.6.0 cudatoolkit=10.2 -c pytorch
    
      # Optional
      conda install -c conda-forge matplotlib=3.1.3       # T-SNE plots
      conda install -c conda-forge scikit-learn=0.22.1
      conda install -c omnia quadprog                     # GEM baseline
    

Reproducing paper results

This final code-base is validated to produce similar results to the original results reported in the paper.

• To avoid issues, use the exact dependency requirements defined above.
• Original implementation doesn't re-normalize prototypes after momentum-update. Doing this slightly decreases average accuracy.
• Final code-base results after cleanup are checked. Avg. accuracy balanced benchmarks: 94.11+-0.76 (MNIST 5 seeds), 49.61+-3.44 (CIFAR10 5 seeds), 20.51 (CIFAR100 1 seed). Report an issue or contact me if you have troubles reproducing these.

Online Data incremental learning

Although the data streams are divided into tasks to compare with task and class-incremental learning alorithms (iCaRL, GEM), in CoPE the continual learner is unaware of tasks or task transitions. This means CoPE can learn from any labeled data stream, without the bias of hand-designed task boundaries within the stream.

Learner-evaluator framework

The learner-evaluator framework defined in the paper, explicitly models all the requirements of the continual learning system.

We define the learner here for CoPE:

• The horizon = the currently observed batch (online processing)
• The operational memory = replay memory + prototypical memory

With the evaluator:

• Periodicity (rho) = evaluating on task transitions
• Eval distribution = static class distributions, evaluate on observed classes in learner

Credits

• Consider citing our work upon using this repo.

    @InProceedings{De_Lange_2021_ICCV,
        author    = {De Lange, Matthias and Tuytelaars, Tinne},
        title     = {Continual Prototype Evolution: Learning Online From Non-Stationary Data Streams},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)},
        month     = {October},year = {2021}, pages = {8250-8259}
    }
  

• CoPE has been made available in the Avalanche framework (free to use under MIT license)!

• Thanks to the following repositories:

  • https://github.com/facebookresearch/GradientEpisodicMemory
  • https://github.com/rahafaljundi/Gradient-based-Sample-Selection
  • https://github.com/Mattdl/CLsurvey

This source code is released under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, find out more about it in the LICENSE file.