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ledgerwallet

A Python library to control Ledger devices

Install

This package provides ledgerwallet, a library to interact with Ledger devices, and ledgerctl, a command line tool based on that library to easily perform operations on the devices.

Supported devices are Ledger Blue, Ledger Nano S, Ledger Nano X and Ledger Nano S Plus.

Quick install

ledgerctl and the ledgerwallet library can be installed using pip:

pip3 install --upgrade protobuf setuptools ecdsa
pip3 install ledgerwallet

Under a Debian or Ubuntu based system, compiling HIDAPI requires to install additional packages:

sudo apt install python3-dev libusb-1.0-0-dev libudev-dev

Install from source

git clone https://github.com/LedgerHQ/ledgerctl.git
pip3 install --upgrade protobuf setuptools ecdsa
cd ledgerctl
pip install -e .

Device configuration

ATTENTION: This step is optional and only advised for developers. It will allow the installation of apps, that weren't reviewed by Ledger, without user interaction.

You should install a custom certificate authority (CA) on the device to make the usage of ledgerctl easier. This certificate is used to establish a custom secure channel between the computer and the device, and identifies ledgerctl as a "trusted manager" on the device.

To install a custom CA, boot the device in "Recovery" mode by pressing the right button at boot time. There are no visual indicators of recovery mode. Then run:

ledgerctl install-ca <NAME>

where <NAME> is the name that will be displayed on the device to identify the CA. It can be any label, like "ledgerctl", "Dev", or "CA".

You are now ready to use ledgerctl.

Usage

To display the commands supported by ledgerctl, run ledgerctl or ledgerctl --help. Help for each command can be displayed by running ledgerctl <command> --help.

Supported commands include retrieving basic device information, installing and removing apps, viewing available space on the device, etc.

Here are a few examples:

Displaying available space on the device

ledgerctl meminfo

Listing installed applications

ledgerctl list

Deleting the Bitcoin application

ledgerctl delete Bitcoin

Installing custom apps

Loading an application on the device is currently bound to the SDK and to the build process.

Installation of custom apps differ from the way provided by the SDK. To keep the install process simple, we chose to use "Manifest" files for applications. Manifests are JSON files which contain the required parameters to install the application. You can find an example manifest in the tests/app directory.

Manifest entries are pretty straightforward if you are familiar with the BOLOS SDK, except one of them: dataSize. That entry specifies the size of the writable area of the application. This is the size needed by the application to save persistent data. Its value seldom changes.

You can use an ugly one-liner to retrieve it:

echo $(($(grep _envram_data debug/app.map | awk '{ print $1 }') - $(grep _nvram_data debug/app.map | awk '{ print $1 }')))

As an example, the standard way to install the Bitcoin application you compiled is to run make load with the BOLOS SDK. It launches the following command:

python3 -m ledgerblue.loadApp --curve secp256k1 --tlv --targetId 0x31100004 --targetVersion="1.6.0" --delete --fileName bin/app.hex --appName "Bitcoin" --appVersion 1.3.13 --dataSize $((0x`cat debug/app.map |grep _envram_data | tr -s ' ' | cut -f2 -d' '|cut -f2 -d'x'` - 0x`cat debug/app.map |grep _nvram_data | tr -s ' ' | cut -f2 -d' '|cut -f2 -d'x'`)) `ICONHEX=\`python3 /home/dev/sdk/icon3.py --hexbitmaponly nanos_app_bitcoin.gif  2>/dev/null\` ; [ ! -z "$ICONHEX" ] && echo "--icon $ICONHEX"`  --path "" --appFlags 0xa50 --offline bin/app.apdu | grep "Application" | cut -f5 -d' ' > bin/app.sha256

To install it with ledgerctl:

Retrieve dataSize using the above one-liner.
Create a manifest file app.toml in the ledger-app-btc directory:

name = "Bitcoin"
version = "1.3.13"

[0x31100004] #NanoS
icon = "nanos_app_bitcoin.gif"
flags = "0xA50"
derivationPath = {curves = ["secp256k1"]}
binary = "bin/app.hex"
dataSize = 64

[0x33100004] #NanoSP
icon = "nanosp_app_bitcoin.gif"
flags = "0xA50"
derivationPath = {curves = ["secp256k1"]}
binary = "bin/app_nanosp.hex"
dataSize = 64

Install with ledgerctl install app.json.

If you want to force the deletion of the previous version, run the previous command with the -f flag.

Viewing APDUs

Communication between the host and the device use Application Protocol Data Unit (APDUs). To display the raw APDUs, usually for debugging purposes, run ledgerctl with the -v switch on any command. For example, here are the APDUs exchanged to run the Bitcoin application:

$ ledgerctl -v run Bitcoin
=> e0d8000007426974636f696e
<= 9000

Contributing

Pre-commit checks

Note: It's advised to install pre-commit using pipx

Before submitting your pull-request, please make sure that all pre-commit hooks are passing. They can be locally installed with the following command:

pre-commit install

And executed with:

pre-commit run --all-files