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BDD

An integer linear program solver using a Lagrange decomposition into binary decision diagrams. Lagrange multipliers are updated through min-marginal averaging (a form of dual block coordinate ascent). Sequential and parallel CPU solvers are provided as well as a massively parallel GPU implementation.

Installation

git clone https://github.com/LPMP/BDD

Then continue with creating a build folder and use cmake:

mkdir build && cd build && cmake ..

If CUDA-solvers are to be built, set WITH_CUDA=ON in cmake and ensure CUDA is available (tested on CUDA 11.2, later versions should also work).

Command Line Usage

Given an input file ${input} in LP format, one can solve the problem via bdd_solver_cl ${config.json} where ${config.json} is a json configuration file.

It is structured as follows:

{
    "input": "${input file}",
    "variable order": "{input|bfs|minimum degree|cuthill}",
    "normalize constraints": "{true|false}",
    "precision": "{float|double}",
    "relaxation solver": "{sequential mma|parallel mma|cuda parallel mma|lbfgs parallel mma|cuda lbfgs parallel mma|subgradient}",
    "termination criteria": {
        "maximum iterations": ${integer},
        "improvement slope": ${real number},
        "minimum improvement": ${real number},
        "time limit": ${integer}
    },
    "perturbation rounding": {
        "initial perturbation": ${real number},
        "perturbation growth rate": ${real number},
        "inner iterations": ${integer},
        "outer iterations": ${integer}
    }
}

• input: File containing the optimization problem in .lp or .opb format, argument required.
• variable order: The order of optimization variables. Possible values are
  • input: As encountered in the input file, this is the default.
  • bfs: Use a breadth-first search through the variable-constraint adjacency matrix to determine a variable ordering starting from the most eccentric node.
  • minimum degree: Use the minimum degree ordering.
  • cuthill: Use the Cuthill McKee algorithm on the variable-constraint adjacency matrix to determina a variable ordering.
• normalize constraints: Should variables in constraints be sorted according to the variable order? This argument is not required and defaults to true.
• precision: Can be either float or double precision for all floating point computations. The argument is not required and defaults to double.
• relaxation solver: Can be one of the following:
  • sequential mma for sequential min-marginal averaging [1].
  • parallel mma for parallel CPU deferred min-marginal averaging [2].
  • cuda parallel mma for parallel deferred min-marginal averaging on GPU (available if built with WITH_CUDA=ON) [2].
  • lbfgs parallel mma for L-BFGS using the parallel_mma [2] CPU solver as backbone.
  • lbfgs cuda parallel mma for L-BFGS using the mma_cuda [2] GPU solver as backbone (available if built with WITH_CUDA=ON).
  • subgradient for subgradient ascent with adaptive step sizes.
• termination criteria: Terminate the relaxation optimization if either of the below stopping criteria is satisfied. The argument is not required.
  • maximum iterations: For terminating after a pre-specified number of iterations, default value 1000.
  • improvement slope: For terminating if improvement between iterations is less than fraction of the improvement after the first iteration, default value 1e-6.
  • minimum improvement: For terminating if improvement between iterations is less than the specified value, default value 1e-6.
  • time limit: For terminating if optimization takes longer than value in seconds, default value 3600.
• perturbation rounding: Compute primal solution by perturbing costs such that the relaxation solver solution becomes integral.
  • initial perturbation: By how much should costs be perturbed, default value 0.1.
  • perturbation growth rate: The factor specifying by how much perturbation should be increased in each perturbation round, default value 1.1.
  • inner iterations: For how many iterations should the relaxation solver run between perturbing costs, default value 100.
  • outer iterations: How many perturbation rounds should be performed, default value 100.
• lbfgs: If a LBFG-S solver is chosen, the following non-required parameters can be passed:
  • history size: how many past iterates should be used, default value 5.
  • initial step size: the initial step size for the LBFG-S step, default value 1e-6.
  • required relative lb increase: the required relative increase in the lower bound for a step to be considered successful, default value 1e-6.
  • step size decrease factor: the factor by which to decrease the step size if a step is unsuccessful, default value 0.8.
  • step size increase factor: the factor by which to increase the step size if a step is successful, default value 1.1.

Python interface

All solvers are exposed to Python. To install Python solver do:

git clone git@github.com:LPMP/BDD.git
cd BDD
python setup.py install

To use Python solver only on CPU (e.g. GPU not available) replace last command by

WITH_CUDA=OFF python setup.py install

For running the solver via Python interface do:

from BDD.bdd_solver_py import bdd_solver as bdd_solver

solver = bdd_solver(input file)
solver.solve()

For more information about setting-up the solver especially from Python see this guide. The python interface is exposed via bdd_solver_py.py and one example of use is in test_bdd_solver_py.py.

Learned solver (DOGE-Train)

Please navigate to DOGE sub-folder.

References

If you use this work please cite

• [1] - J. H. Lange and P. Swoboda. Efficient Message Passing for 0–1 ILPs with Binary Decision Diagrams. In ICML 2021.
• [2] - A. Abbas and P. Swoboda. FastDOG: Fast Discrete Optimization on GPU. In CVPR 2022. for the parallel solvers,
• [3] - A. Abbas and P. Swoboda. DOGE-Train: Discrete Optimization on GPU with End-to-end Training. In AAAI 2024. for learned solvers,
• [4] - Roetzer, Paul, et al. Fast Discrete Optimisation for Geometrically Consistent 3D Shape Matching. arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.08230 (2023). for LBFGS based parallel solvers.