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Community Security Analytics (CSA)
<p align="center"> <img src="./assets/csa_logo.png" alt="Community Security Analytics Logo"> </p>As organizations go through the Autonomic Security modernization journey, this repository serves as a community-driven list of sample security analytics for auditing cloud usage and for detecting threats to your data & workloads in Google Cloud. These may assist detection engineers, threat hunters and data governance analysts.
CSA is a set of foundational security analytics designed to provide organizations with a rich baseline of pre-built queries and rules that they can readily use to start analyzing their Google Cloud logs including Cloud Audit logs, VPC Flow logs, DNS logs, and more using cloud-native or third-party analytics tools. The source code is provided as is, without warranty. See Copyright & License below.
Current release include:
- YARA-L rules for Google Security Operations
- SQL queries for BigQuery
- SQL queries for Log Analytics
The security use cases below are grouped in 6 categories depending on underlying activity type and log sources:
- :vertical_traffic_light: Login & Access Patterns
- :key: IAM, Keys & Secrets Admin Activity
- :building_construction: Cloud Provisoning Activity
- :cloud: Cloud Workload Usage
- :droplet: Data Usage
- :zap: Network Activity
To learn more about the variety of Google Cloud logs, how to enable and natively export these logs to destinations like BigQuery or Google Security Operations for in-depth analytics, refer to Google Cloud Security and access analytics solution guide.
Caution: CSA is not meant to be a comprehensive set of threat detections, but a collection of community-contributed samples to get you started with detective controls. Use CSA in your threat detection and response capabilities (e.g. Security Command Center, Google Security Operations, BigQuery, or third-party SIEM) in conjunction with threat prevention capabilities (e.g. Security Command Center, Cloud Armor, Identity-Aware Proxy and Chrome Enterprise Premium). To learn more about Google’s approach to modern Security Operations, check out the Autonomic Security Operations whitepaper.
Security Analytics Use Cases
| # | Cloud Security Threat | Log Source | Audit | Detect | ATT&CK® Techniques |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <div id="login-access-patterns">1</div> | :vertical_traffic_light: Login & Access Patterns | ||||
| 1.01 | Login from a highly-privileged account | Workspace Login Audit (Cloud Identity Logs) | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004 | |
| 1.02 | Suspicious login attempt flagged by Google Workspace | Workspace Login Audit (Cloud Identity Logs) | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004 | |
| 1.03 | Excessive login failures from any user identity | Workspace Login Audit (Cloud Identity Logs) | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004, T1110 | |
| 1.10 | Access attempts violating VPC Service Controls | Audit Logs - Policy | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004, T1537 |
| 1.20 | Access attempts violating IAP (i.e. BeyondCorp) access controls | HTTP(S) LB Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | |
| 1.30 | Cloud Console accesses | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004 | |
| <div id="iam-keys-secrets-changes">2</div> | :key: IAM, Keys & Secrets Changes | ||||
| 2.02 | User added to highly-privileged Google Group | Workspace Admin Audit | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004, T1484.001 |
| 2.20 | Permissions granted over a Service Account | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1484.002 |
| 2.21 | Permissions granted to impersonate Service Account | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1484.002 |
| 2.22 | Permissions granted to create or manage Service Account keys | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1484.002 |
| 2.30 | Service accounts or keys created by non-approved identity | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1136.003 |
| 2.40 | User access added (or removed) from IAP-protected HTTPS services | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1484.002 |
| <div id="cloud-provisioning-activity">3</div> | :building_construction: Cloud Provisioning Activity | ||||
| 3.01 | Changes made to logging settings | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1562.008 |
| 3.02 | Disabling VPC Flows logging | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1562.008 | |
| 3.11 | Unusual number of firewall rules modified in the last 7 days | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1562.007 | |
| 3.12 | Firewall rules modified or deleted in the last 24 hrs | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1562.007 |
| 3.13 | VPN tunnels created or deleted | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1133 |
| 3.14 | DNS zones modified or deleted | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1578 |
| 3.15 | Cloud Storage buckets modified or deleted by unfamiliar user identities | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1578 |
| 3.20 | VMs deleted in the last 7 days | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1578 | |
| 3.21 | Cloud SQL databases created, modified or deleted | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1578 | |
| <div id="cloud-workload-usage">4</div> | :cloud: Cloud Workload Usage | ||||
| 4.01 | Unusually high API usage by any user identity | Audit Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1106 |
| 4.10 | Autoscaling usage in the past month | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1496 | |
| 4.11 | Autoscaling usage per day in the past month | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1496 | |
| 4.20 | Resource access by certain user identities in the past month | Audit Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1106 | |
| 4.21 | Resource access by certain user identities in the past month (aggregated by day) | Audit Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1106 | |
| 4.30 | Which users most frequently used LLM models? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1496, AML.T0051, AML.T0057 |
| 4.31 | Usage of LLM models over time | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1496, AML.T0051, AML.T0057 |
| <div id="data-usage">5</div> | :droplet: Data Usage | ||||
| 5.01 | Which users most frequently accessed data in the past week? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1530 | |
| 5.02 | Which users accessed most amount of data in the past week? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1530 | |
| 5.03 | How much data was accessed by each user per day in the past week? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1530 | |
| 5.04 | Which users accessed data in a given table in the past month? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1078.004 | |
| 5.05 | What tables are most frequently accessed and by whom? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1530 | |
| 5.06 | Top 10 queries against BigQuery in the past week | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1530 | |
| 5.07 | Any queries doing very large scans? | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1530 |
| 5.08 | Any destructive queries or jobs (i.e. update or delete)? | Audit Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1565.001 |
| 5.10 | Recent data read with granular access and permissions details | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | T1074, T1213 | |
| 5.11 | Recent dataset activity with granular permissions details | Audit Logs - Admin Activity | :white_check_mark: | T1074, T1213 | |
| 5.20 | Most common data (and metadata) access actions in the past month | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1530 |
| 5.30 | Cloud Storage buckets enumerated by unfamiliar user identities | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1530 |
| 5.31 | Cloud Storage objects accessed from a new IP | Audit Logs - Data Access | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1530 |
| <div id="network-activity">6</div> | :zap: Network Activity | ||||
| 6.01 | Hosts reaching out to many other hosts or ports per hour | VPC Flow Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1046 |
| 6.10 | Connections from a new IP to an in-scope network | VPC Flow Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1018 |
| 6.15 | List all IP addresses with any associated entities | VPC Flow Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1018, T1046 | |
| 6.20 | Connections blocked by Cloud Armor | HTTP(S) LB Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1071 |
| 6.21 | Log4j 2 vulnerability exploit attempts | HTTP(S) LB Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1190 | |
| 6.22 | Any remote IP addresses attempting to exploit Log4j 2 vulnerability? | HTTP(S) LB Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1190 | |
| 6.23 | Spring4Shell vulnerability exploit attempts (CVE-2022-22965) | HTTP(S) LB Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1190 | |
| 6.30 | Virus or malware detected by Cloud IDS | Cloud IDS Threat Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1059 | |
| 6.31 | Traffic sessions of high severity threats detected by Cloud IDS | Cloud IDS Threat Logs, Cloud IDS Traffic Logs | :white_check_mark: | T1071 | |
| 6.40 | Top 10 DNS queried domains | Cloud DNS Logs | :white_check_mark: | :white_check_mark: | T1071.004 |
Dataform for CSA on BigQuery
The dataform folder contains the Dataform repo to automate deployment of CSA queries in BigQuery for optimized performance and cost. Use this Dataform repo to operationalize CSA use cases as reports and alerts powered by BigQuery. This Dataform project deploys and orchestrates pre-built ELT pipelines to filter, normalize and model log data leveraging incremental summary tables, lookup tables and views for fast, cost-effective and simpler querying. See underlying README for more details.
CI/CD for CSA on Google Security Operations
The cicd folder contains a set of scripts to help you with storing CSA YARA-L detection rules as code and testing/deploying updates you and your team make in an automated fashion. Whether you use GitHub Actions, Google Cloud Build or Azure DevOps, you can use the corresponding scripts to automatically test and deploy new or modified rules into your Google Security Operations instance. See underlying README for more details.
Support
This is not an officially supported Google product. Queries, rules and other assets in Community Security Analytics (CSA) are community-supported. Please don't hesitate to open a GitHub issue if you have any question or a feature request.
Contributions are also welcome via Github pull requests if you have fixes or enhancements to source code or docs. Please refer to our Contributing guidelines.
Copyright & License
Copyright 2022 Google LLC
Queries, rules and other assets under Community Security Analytics (CSA) are licensed under the Apache license, v2.0. Details can be found in LICENSE file.