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Yul+

A low-level, highly efficient extension to Yul, an intermediate smart-contract language for the Ethereum Virtual Machine.

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Features

• All existing Yul features
• Memory structures (mstruct)
• Enums (enum)
• Constants (const)
• Ethereum standard ABI signature/topic generation (sig"function ...", topic"event ...)
• Booleans (true, false)
• Safe math (over/under flow protection for addition, subtraction, multiplication)
• Injected methods (mslice and require)

Coming Soon

• Static typing
• CLI support

Installing

npm install yulp

Building From Source

npm install
npm run build
npm test

Library Usage

Code Example

const yulp = require('../index');
const source = yulp.compile(`

object "SimpleStore" {
  code {
    datacopy(0, dataoffset("Runtime"), datasize("Runtime"))
    return(0, datasize("Runtime"))
  }
  object "Runtime" {
    code {
      calldatacopy(0, 0, 36) // write calldata to memory

      mstruct StoreCalldata( // Custom addressable calldata structure
        sig: 4,
        val: 32
      )

      switch StoreCalldata.sig(0) // select signature from memory (at position 0)

      case sig"function store(uint256 val)" { // new signature method
        sstore(0, StoreCalldata.val(0)) // sstore calldata value
        log2(0, 0, topic"event Store(uint256 value)", StoreCalldata.val(0))
      }

      case sig"function get() returns (uint256)" {
        mstore(100, sload(0))
        return (100, 32)
      }
    }
  }
}

`);

console.log(yulp.print(source.results));

Enums

Here we have a fully featured enum identifier which acts as a constant.

object "contract" {
  code {
    enum Colors (
      Red,
      Blue,
      Green
    )

    log1(0, 0, Colors.Green) // logs 2 as a topic
  }
}

Constants

const will define a let variable value that cannot be re-assigned.

object "contract" {
  code {
    const firstVar := 0xaa
    const someOther := 1
  }
}

Memory Slice

mslice(position, length) will return a 1-32 byte value from memory.

object "contract" {
  code {
    mstore(30, 0xaaaa)

    log1(0, 0, mslice(30, 2)) // will log 0xaaaa
  }
}

Booleans

true and false are added and equate to values 0x01 and 0x00.

object "contract" {
  code {
    mstore(30, true)

    log1(0, 0, mload(30)) // will log 0x01
  }
}

Multi mstore sugar

mstore can now be used as a proxy method

object "contract" {
  code {
    mstore(30, 1, 2, 3, 4)

    /*
    mstore(30, 1)
    mstore(add(30, 32), 2)
    mstore(add(30, 64), 3)
    mstore(add(30, 96), 4)
    */
  }
}

Comparison Methods

lte, gte, neq can now be used.

if and(lte(1, 10), gte(5, 2)) {
  let k := neq(0, 1)
}

MAX_UINT

MAX_UINT literal is now available (i.e. uint(-1))

if lt(v, MAX_UINT) {
  let k := 1
}

Ethereum Standard ABI Signature and Topic Generation

sig" [ method abi ] " will equate to a 4 byte method signature hex value

topic" [ event abi definition ] " will equate to the 32 byte topic hash

object "contract" {
  code {
    const storeSig := sig"function store(uint256 val)"
    const eventSig := topic"event Store (uint256 indexed val)"

    log1(0, 0, storeSig) // will log 0x6057361d

    log1(0, 0, eventSig) // will log 0xddf252ad1be2c89b69c2b068fc378daa952ba7f163c4a11628f55a4df523b3ef
  }
}

Memory Structures

Memory structures enable better handling of pre-existing in-memory structures.

mstruct Identifier ( [ property, ... ] )

A structure property is defined by an identifier and length specifier (i.e. blockProducer:32) where the identifier is blockProducer and the length is 32 bytes.

In-memory array like structures are defined using a name.length property, followed by a name:[array item size] property.

Note, mstruct properties allow for data chunk sizes up to 32 bytes only.

Inheritance

object "Utils" {
  code {
    const Size := 1

    function someMethod() -> {}
  }
}

object "SimpleStore" is "Utils" {
  code {
    mstore(0, Size)
    someMethod()
  }
}

Imports

We now support basic file system usage, we don't support local path resolution just yet.

The fs object is simply supplied at compile: yulp.compile(source, fs).

import "./Utils.yulp"

object "SimpleStore" is "Utils" {
  ...
}

Error Reporting

A new experimental (post v0.0.7) feature is the error"some message" literal.

This simply utf8 encodes the message to bytes, keccak256 hashes it and returns the first 4 bytes as an error identifier.

The compiler will return an errors property ({ [4 byte idenfitier]: [error message], ... }).

object "contract" {
  code {
    // example structure in memory of a BlockHeader starting at mem. position 400
    mstore(400, 0xaa) // block producer
    mstore(432, 0xbb) // previous block hash
    mstore(464, 0xcc) // block height
    mstore(496, 0x03) // length of anotherArray (i.e. 3 array items)
    mstore(554, 0xaaaabbbbcccc) // array with 3 elements, 0xaaaa, 0xbbbb, 0xcccc
    mstore(560, 0xdd) // Ethereum block number
    mstore(592, 0x01) // transaction roots array length
    mstore(652, 0xffffffff) // transaction roots, one 4 byte item 0xffffffff

    mstruct BlockHeader (
      blockProducer: 32,
      previousBlockHash: 32,
      blockHeight: 32,
      anotherArray.length: 32,
      anotherArray: [2],
      ethereumBlockNumber: 32,
      roots.length: 32,
      roots: [4]
    )

    BlockHeader.blockProducer(400) // will return 0xaa
    BlockHeader.blockProducer.size() // will return 32

    BlockHeader.blockHeight(400) // will return block height 0xcc
    BlockHeader.blockHeight.offset(400) // will return pos + length
    BlockHeader.blockHeight.position(400) // will return pos
    BlockHeader.blockHeight.size() // 32
    BlockHeader.blockHeight.index() // 2
    BlockHeader.blockHeight.keccak256(500) // keccak256 hash the block height

    BlockHeader.anotherArray(400, 2) // will return anotherArray item 0xcccc

    BlockHeader.size(400) // will return the size of the entire struct
    BlockHeader.offset(400) // will return entire offset position of the struct pos + length
    BlockHeader.keccak256(400) // keccak256 hash the entire block header
  }
}

Helping Out

There is always a lot of work to do, and will have many rules to maintain. So please help out in any way that you can:

• Improve documentation.
• Chime in on any open issue or pull request.
• Open new issues about your ideas for making yulp better, and pull requests to show us how your idea works.
• Add new tests to absolutely anything.
• Create or contribute to ecosystem tools.
• Spread the word!

We communicate via issues and pull requests.

Donating

Please consider donating if you think Yul+ is helpful to you or that my work is valuable. We are happy if you can help us buy a cup of coffee. ❤️

• Gitcoin grant page

Or just send us some Dai, USDC or Ether:

• 0x3e947a271a37Ae7B59921c57be0a3246Ee0d887C

Coming Soon

mstruct BasicRecursiveStructures ( // better structure description
  block: BlockHeader,
  root: RootHeader,
  proof: MerkleProof,
  leaf: TransactionLeaf,
  token: 32
)

mstruct SwitchStatements ( // special switch case
  data.switch: 1, // switch 0, 1, 2 for options below
  data: [InputUTXO,InputHTLC,TransactionDeposit]
)

mstruct FixedLengthArrays ( // special switch case
  someArr: (7)[32],
)